Binomial Distribution Calculator Online – Free | 8gwifi.org

Binomial Distribution Calculator

Calculate binomial probabilities, cumulative probabilities, and statistics

Parameters

Number of independent trials
Probability of success on each trial (0 to 1)

Calculation Type

Exact probability: P(X = k) - Probability of exactly k successes
Cumulative probability: P(X ≤ k) - At most k successes
Range probability: P(a ≤ X ≤ b)

Results

Enter parameters and calculate

Understanding Binomial Distribution

The binomial distribution models the number of successes in a fixed number of independent Bernoulli trials.

Requirements

  • Fixed number of trials (n)
  • Each trial has two outcomes: success or failure
  • Constant probability (p) of success on each trial
  • Trials are independent

Probability Mass Function

P(X = k) = C(n,k) × p^k × (1-p)^(n-k)

Where C(n,k) = n! / (k!(n-k)!) is the binomial coefficient

Parameters & Statistics

Mean (μ) = n × p
Variance (σ²) = n × p × (1-p)
Standard Deviation (σ) = √(n × p × (1-p))

Real-World Applications

  • Quality Control: Number of defective items in sample
  • Medicine: Number of patients responding to treatment
  • Marketing: Number of customers making a purchase
  • Gambling: Number of wins in coin flips or dice rolls
  • Surveys: Number of "yes" responses
  • Genetics: Number of offspring with trait

Examples

Example 1: Flip a fair coin 10 times. What's the probability of getting exactly 6 heads?

Solution: n=10, p=0.5, k=6 → P(X=6) = C(10,6) × 0.5^6 × 0.5^4 = 0.2051

Example 2: 20% of students prefer online learning. In a class of 30, what's the probability that at most 5 prefer online?

Solution: n=30, p=0.2, P(X≤5) = cumulative probability

Normal Approximation

When n is large and p is not too close to 0 or 1, the binomial distribution can be approximated by a normal distribution:

X ~ N(np, np(1-p))

Rule of thumb: Use when np ≥ 5 and n(1-p) ≥ 5

Tip: The binomial distribution is discrete (counts), unlike the normal distribution which is continuous. As n increases and p stays moderate, the binomial approaches normal.

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Binomial Distribution: FAQ

When is the binomial model appropriate?

Use when there are n independent trials, each with two outcomes (success/failure) and constant success probability p.

What are mean and variance?

Mean = n·p, variance = n·p·(1−p), SD = √(n·p·(1−p)).

Normal approximation conditions?

When n·p ≥ 10 and n·(1−p) ≥ 10, a normal approximation with continuity correction is often reasonable.

PMF vs CDF?

PMF gives P(X=k); CDF gives cumulative P(X≤k). Use CDF for ranges and tail probabilities.