Real Python Tutorials

Understanding the Python Mock Object Library

Understanding the Python Mock Object Library

In this tutorial, you'll learn how to use the Python mock object library, unittest.mock, to create and use mock objects to improve your tests. Obstacles like complex logic and unpredictable dependencies make writing valuable tests difficult, but unittest.mock can help you overcome these obstacles.

Jun 26, 2024 intermediate testing

Explore Real Python

Learning Paths
Guided study plans for accelerated learning

Python Tutorials
In-depth articles and step-by-step video courses

Quizzes
Evaluate your Python knowledge with quick tests

Browse Topics
Focus on a specific area or skill level

Community Chat
Learn with other Pythonistas

Office Hours
Live Q&A; calls with experts from Real Python

Podcast
Hear what’s new in the world of Python

Books
Round out your knowledge and learn offline

New Releases

Python and PyQt: Building a GUI Desktop Calculator

Build a GUI Calculator With PyQt and Python

Jun 25, 2024 intermediate gui projects

Creating Great README Files for Your Python Projects

Creating Great README Files for Your Python Projects

Jun 24, 2024 basics best-practices projects

Build a Guitar Synthesizer: Play Musical Tablature in Python

Build a Guitar Synthesizer: Play Musical Tablature in Python

Jun 19, 2024 intermediate projects

How to Round Numbers in Python

Rounding Numbers in Python

Jun 18, 2024 intermediate best-practices python

Ruff: A Modern Linter for Error-Free and Maintainable Code

Ruff: A Modern Python Linter for Error-Free and Maintainable Code

Jun 17, 2024 intermediate devops tools

Python Mappings: A Comprehensive Guide

Python Mappings: A Comprehensive Guide

Jun 12, 2024 intermediate python

How to Get a List of All Files in a Directory With Python

Listing All Files in a Directory With Python

Jun 11, 2024 intermediate

Python Monthly News

Python News: What's New From May 2024

Jun 10, 2024 community

Python String Formatting: Available Tools and Their Features

Python String Formatting: Available Tools and Their Features

Jun 05, 2024 basics best-practices python

Implementing an Interface in Python

Python Interfaces: Object-Oriented Design Principles

Jun 04, 2024 advanced python

String Interpolation in Python: Exploring Available Tools

String Interpolation in Python: Exploring Available Tools

Jun 03, 2024 basics best-practices python

What Are CRUD Operations?

What Are CRUD Operations?

May 29, 2024 intermediate api databases web-dev

Iterators and Iterables in Python: Run Efficient Iterations

Efficient Iterations With Python Iterators and Iterables

May 28, 2024 intermediate python

How to Create a Pivot Table With pandas

How to Create Pivot Tables With pandas

May 27, 2024 intermediate data-science data-viz

The Python calendar Module: Create Calendars With Python

The Python calendar Module: Create Calendars With Python

May 22, 2024 intermediate

Python GUI Programming With Tkinter

Building a Python GUI Application With Tkinter

May 21, 2024 basics gui

Basic Data Types in Python

Basic Data Types in Python: A Quick Exploration

May 20, 2024 basics python

Python's Built-In Exceptions: A Walkthrough With Examples

Python's Built-in Exceptions: A Walkthrough With Examples

May 15, 2024 intermediate python