gh-110481: Implement biased reference counting #110764
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Removing the trailing comma allows the macros to be used in more places, which means fewer `#ifdef Py_NOGIL` checks. Note that the public API macros `PyObject_HEAD_INIT` and `PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT` are not changed.
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Note for reviewer: the first commit in this PR refactors the internal-only |
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CPython's current reference counting implementation would not be thread-safe without the GIL. This implements biased reference counting in
--disable-gilbuilds, which is thread-safe and has lower execution overhead compared to plain atomic reference counting. The design is described in the "Biased Reference Counting" section of PEP 703.--disable-gilbuilds #110481