bpo-42008: Fix _random.Random() seeding

[amiremohamadi]

calling random_seed() with first element of the args tuple.

https://bugs.python.org/issue42008

[Fidget-Spinner]

Overall, this looks very good to me, other than a few things I pointed out in the reviews :)

[Fidget-Spinner]

Correct me if I'm wrong, but afaik, random_new is called with args of _random.Random's init, which can contain more than 1 argument. So it might be more robust to check for len(args) > 0 instead.

>>> import random
>>> random.Random(1,2,3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: Random.__init__() takes from 1 to 2 positional arguments but 3 were given
>>>
>>> import _random
>>> _random.Random(1,2,3)
>>> # no error

Suggested change

	if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) == 1) {
	if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) > 0) {

[amiremohamadi]

@Fidget-Spinner thanks for the review!
I think, in previous versions (e.g. 3.6) it just accepts one argument. So I'm not sure if it is a good behavior for random_new to accept more arguments or not! (I think, it should raise an exception in case of being called with 2 or more args)
After this commit it is allowed to pass more arguments (don't know it's a bug or feature).
Dear @rhettinger, do you have any idea about it?

[rhettinger]

Only accept one argument. If there are more, raise a TypeError.

[amiremohamadi]

Changed the code to only accept 0 or 1 argument.

Also if random_new is called without any arguments, it should call random_seed with NULL or Py_None to use current time as seed but after _randommodule was converted to argument clinic, random_new always called random_seed with a tuple as argument, even if it doesn't have any arguments which means if you try this:

r = _random.Random()

it uses an empty tuple as seed (not current time).

This problem also solved by this PR.

[github-actions]

This PR is stale because it has been open for 30 days with no activity.

[rhettinger]

Can you please resolve the branch conflict.

[amiremohamadi]

Sure

[amiremohamadi]

Actually I think Azure Pipeline failure is not related to my changes