The latest Android and Google Play news for app and game developers.
Android Things makes building connected embedded devices easy by providing the same Android development tools, best-in-class Android framework, and Google APIs that make developers successful on mobile. Since the initial preview launch back in December, the community has turned some amazing ideas into exciting prototypes using the platform.
To empower these makers and developers using Android Things to share and learn from each other, we have partnered with Hackster.io to create a community where aspiring IoT developers can go to showcase their projects and get inspired by the work of others. Hackster.io is a community of 200,000 engineers and developers dedicated to building internet-connected hardware projects. They also seek to educate and challenge members through live workshops and design contests.
We are eager to see the projects that you come up with. More importantly, we're excited to see how your work can inspire other developers to create something great with Android Things. Visit our Hackster.io community to see the amazing projects others have already built and join the community today!
We will be hosting a webinar in cooperation with Hackster.io on July 7th, 2017 at 10AM PST titled Bootstrapping IoT Products with Android Things. During this time, you will learn how we have designed Android Things to address many of the pain points experienced by developers attempting to build IoT products. You will also have the opportunity to send in questions you have regarding the platform and ecosystem. Register today to join us for this exciting event!
Today we are launching a preview of the Android Things Console. This console allows developers to manage the software running on their fleet of Android Things IoT devices, including creating factory images, as well as updating the operating system and developer-provided APKs. Devices need to run a system image downloaded via the Android Things Console in order to receive future updates, such as the upcoming Developer Preview 5. Google provides all of the infrastructure for over-the-air (OTA) updates, so developers can focus on their specific application and not have to build their own implementation – getting their IoT devices to enter the market faster and more securely than before.
Let's take a tour of the console, and see the features it offers.
The developer first defines a product, which includes selecting a name and the type of System-on-Module (SoM) that the device is based on. Many developers want to use Google Play Services when building IoT devices, and this is configured here as an optional feature. The size of the OEM partition is also configured, and must be large enough to include the size of any future APK growth.
A device needs an initial base firmware to receive future updates for the correct product from your console. For starters, you can simply use "Create Build Configuration" to build a default factory image with an empty bundle that is configured for your product. This factory image can then be downloaded and flashed to your device, and you can start developing on it by sideloading an APK.
Later on, once you have prepared an application that you would like to deploy to all the devices in your product, you can upload a bundle to the console. This bundle is a ZIP file that contains a main APK file, user space drivers as a service in an APK, and any additional APKs launched by the main APK. A bootanimation.zip file is also supported, which will be displayed during boot up. The uploaded bundle ZIP file is then used to produce a complete system image that can be deployed to devices. More information about the bundle ZIP file contents is available in the documentation.
This tab allows the developer to select which system image should be pushed to the fleet of product devices. The developer selects one, and then "Push to Devices" starts the process. The update will then be securely pushed to all of the devices, installed to one of the A/B partitions, and made active when the device is rebooted. If any failures are detected, the device automatically rolls back to the previous known working version, so future updates are still possible. Developers will be able to test new releases of Android Things in advance and decide whether devices should be updated automatically.
The Android Things Console is currently a preview, and we are working on many more features and customizations. We encourage all Android Things developers to check out the Android Things Console and provide feedback. You can do this by filing bug reports and feature requests, and asking any questions on Stack Overflow. To learn more about the Android Things Console, read the detailed documentation. We also encourage everyone to join Google's IoT Developers Community on Google+, a great resource to get updates and discuss ideas.
The processing of external and untrusted content is often one of the most important functions of an app. A newsreader shows the top news articles and a shopping app displays the catalog of items for sale. This comes with associated risks as the processing of untrusted content is also one of the main ways that an attacker can compromise your app, i.e. by passing you malformed content.
Many apps handle untrusted content using WebView, and we've made many improvements in Android over the years to protect it and your app against compromise. With Android Lollipop, we started delivering WebView as an independent APK, updated every six weeks from the Play store, so that we can get important fixes to users quickly. With the newest WebView, we've added a couple more important security enhancements.
Starting with Android O, WebView will have the renderer running in an isolated process separate from the host app, taking advantage of the isolation between processes provided by Android that has been available for other applications.
Similar to Chrome, WebView now provides two levels of isolation:
The newest version of WebView incorporates Google's Safe Browsing protections to detect and warn users about potentially dangerous sites.. When correctly configured, WebView checks URLs against Safe Browsing's malware and phishing database and displays a warning message before users visit a dangerous site. On Chrome, this helpful information is displayed more than 250 million times a month, and now it's available in WebView on Android.
To enable Safe Browsing for all WebViews in your app, add in a manifest tag:
<manifest> <meta-data android:name="android.webkit.WebView.EnableSafeBrowsing" android:value="true" /> . . . <application> . . . </application> </manifest>
Because WebView is distributed as a separate APK, Safe Browsing for WebView is available today for devices running Android 5.0 and above. With just one added line in your manifest, you can update your app and improve security for most of your users immediately.
On June 30, 2017, Google will be ending support for the Android Market app on Android 2.1 Eclair and older devices. When this change happens, users on these devices will no longer be able to access, or install other apps from, the Android Market. The change will happen without a notification on the device, due to technical restrictions in the original Android Market app.
It has been 7 years since Android 2.1 Eclair launched. Most app developers are no longer supporting these Android versions in their apps given these devices now account for only a small number of installs.
We will still be supporting later versions of Android Market for as long as feasible. Google Play, the replacement for Android Market, is available on Android 2.2 and above.
Last year at I/O we launched the Awareness API, a simple yet powerful API that let developers use signals such as Location, Weather, Time and User Activity to build contextually relevant app experiences.
Available via Google Play services, the Awareness API offers two ways to take advantage of context signals within your app. The Snapshot API lets your app request information about the user's current context, while the Fence API lets your app react to changes in user's context, and when it matches a certain set of conditions. For example, "tell me whenever the user is walking and their headphone is plugged in".
Until now, you could specify a time fence on the Awareness APIs but were restricted to using absolute/canonical representation of time. Based on developer feedback, we realized that the flexibility of the API in regards to building time fences did not support higher level abstractions people use when they think and talk about time. "This weekend", "on the next holiday", "after sunset", are all very common and colloquial ways of expressing time. That's why we're adding Semantic time support to these APIs starting today
For e.g., if you were building a fitness app and wanted a way to prompt users everyday morning to start their routine, or if you're a reading app that wants to turn on night mode after dusk; you would have to query a 3p API for sunrise/sunset information at the user location and then write up an Awareness fence with those canonical time values. With our latest update, you can use our TIME_INSTANT_SUNRISE and TIME_INSTANT_SUNSET constants and let the platform manage all the complexity for you.
TIME_INSTANT_SUNRISE
TIME_INSTANT_SUNSET
Let's look at an example. Suppose you're building a fitness app which prompts users on Tuesday, and Thursday around sunrise to begin their morning work out. You can set up this triggering using the following lines of code.
// A sun-state-based fence that is TRUE only on Tuesday and Thursday during Sunrise AwarenessFence.and( TimeFence.aroundTimeInstant(TimeFence.TIME_INSTANT_SUNRISE, -10 * ONE_MINUTE_MILLIS, 5 * ONE_MINUTE_MILLIS), AwarenessFence.or( TimeFence.inIntervalOfDay(TimeFence.DAY_OF_WEEK_TUESDAY, 0, ONE_DAY_MILLIS), TimeFence.inIntervalOfDay(TimeFence.DAY_OF_WEEK_THURSDAY, 0, ONE_DAY_MILLIS)));
One of our favorite semantic time features is public holidays. Every country and regions within it have different holidays. Assume you were a local hiking & adventure app that wants to show users activities they can indulge in on a holiday that falls on a Friday or a Monday. You can use a combination of Days and Holiday flags to identify this state for all your users around the world. You can do this with just 3 lines of code and have this work in any part of the world.
// A local-time fence that is TRUE only on public holidays in the // device locale that fall on Fridays or Mondays. AwarenessFence.and( TimeFence.inTimeInterval(TimeFence.TIME_INTERVAL_HOLIDAY), AwarenessFence.or( TimeFence.inIntervalOfDay(TimeFence.DAY_OF_WEEK_FRIDAY, 9 * ONE_HOUR_MILLIS, 11 * ONE_HOUR_MILLIS), TimeFence.inIntervalOfDay(TimeFence.DAY_OF_WEEK_MONDAY, 9 * ONE_HOUR_MILLIS, 11 * ONE_HOUR_MILLIS)));
In both example cases, Awareness does the heavy lifting of localizing time and holidays based on the device locale settings.
We're excited to see what problems you'll solve using this powerful API. Please join our mailing list to get updates about this and other Context APIs at Google.
Today, we're releasing a new Developer Preview 4.1 (DP4.1) of Android Things, with updates for new supported hardware and bug fixes to the platform. Android Things is Google's platform to enable Android Developers to create Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and seamlessly scale from prototype to production.
A new Pico i.MX6UL revision B board has been released, which supports many common external peripherals from partners such as Adafruit and Pimoroni. There were some prototype Pico i.MX6UL boards made available to some early beta testers, and these are not compatible with DP4.1.
DP4.1 also includes some performance improvements since DP4, such as boot time optimizations that improve the startup time of i.MX7D based hardware. This Developer Preview also includes a version of Google Play Services, specifically optimized for IoT devices. This new IoT variant is a lot smaller and optimized for use with Android Things, and requires the use of play-services 11.0.0 or later in your build.gradle. For more information about the supported features in the IoT variant of Google Play Services, see the information page.
Android Things had a large presence at Google I/O this year, with 7 talks covering different aspects of Android Things for developers, and these are available as videos in a playlist for those who could not attend:
Google I/O also had a codelab area, where attendees could sit down and test out Android Things development with some simple guided training guides. These codelabs are available for anyone to try at https://codelabs.developers.google.com/?cat=IoT
Thank you to all the developers who submitted feedback for the previous developer previews. Please continue sending us your feedback by filing bug reports and feature requests, and asking any questions on stackoverflow. To download images for DP4.1, visit the Android Things download page and find the changes in the release notes. You can also join Google's IoT Developers Community on Google+, a great resource to get updates and discuss ideas, with over 5,600 members.
The 11.0.0 release of the Google Play services SDK includes a new way to access LocationServices. The new APIs do not require your app to manually manage a connection to Google Play services through a GoogleApiClient. This reduces boilerplate and common pitfalls in your app.
GoogleApiClient
Read more below, or head straight to the updated location samples on GitHub.
The LocationServices APIs allow you to access device location, set up geofences, prompt the user to enable location on the device and more. In order to access these services, the app must connect to Google Play services, which can involve error-prone connection logic. For example, can you spot the crash in the app below?
Note: we'll assume our app has the ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission, which is required to get the user's exact location using the LocationServices APIs.
ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements GoogleApiClient.OnConnectionFailedListener { @Override public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); GoogleApiClient client = new GoogleApiClient.Builder(this) .enableAutoManage(this, this) .addApi(LocationServices.API) .build(); client.connect(); PendingResult result = LocationServices.FusedLocationApi.requestLocationUpdates( client, LocationRequest.create(), pendingIntent); result.setResultCallback(new ResultCallback() { @Override public void onResult(@NonNull Status status) { Log.d(TAG, "Result: " + status.getStatusMessage()); } }); } // ... }
If you pointed to the requestLocationUpdates() call, you're right! That call throws an IllegalStateException, since the GoogleApiClient is has not yet connected. The call to connect() is asynchronous.
requestLocationUpdates()
IllegalStateException
connect()
While the code above looks like it should work, it's missing a ConnectionCallbacks argument to the GoogleApiClient builder. The call to request location updates should only be made after the onConnected callback has fired:
onConnected
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements GoogleApiClient.OnConnectionFailedListener, GoogleApiClient.ConnectionCallbacks { private GoogleApiClient client; @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); client = new GoogleApiClient.Builder(this) .enableAutoManage(this, this) .addApi(LocationServices.API) .addConnectionCallbacks(this) .build(); client.connect(); } @Override public void onConnected(@Nullable Bundle bundle) { PendingResult result = LocationServices.FusedLocationApi.requestLocationUpdates( client, LocationRequest.create(), pendingIntent); result.setResultCallback(new ResultCallback() { @Override public void onResult(@NonNull Status status) { Log.d(TAG, "Result: " + status.getStatusMessage()); } }); } // ... }
Now the code works, but it's not ideal for a few reasons:
onCreate
The new LocationServices APIs are much simpler and will make your code less error prone. The connection logic is handled automatically, and you only need to attach a single completion listener:
LocationServices
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); FusedLocationProviderClient client = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this); client.requestLocationUpdates(LocationRequest.create(), pendingIntent) .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task task) { Log.d("MainActivity", "Result: " + task.getResult()); } }); } }
The new API immediately improves the code in a few ways:
The new API will automatically resolve certain connection failures for you, so you don't need to write code that for things like prompting the user to update Google Play services. Rather than exposing connection failures globally in the onConnectionFailed method, connection problems will fail the Task with an ApiException:
client.requestLocationUpdates(LocationRequest.create(), pendingIntent) .addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() { @Override public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) { if (e instanceof ApiException) { Log.w(TAG, ((ApiException) e).getStatusMessage()); } else { Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage()); } } });
Try the new LocationServices APIs out for yourself in your own app or head over to the android-play-location samples on GitHub and see more examples of how the new clients reduce boilerplate and simplify logic.
Play Console
