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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META name='Description' content='Ficl - embedded scripting with object oriented programming'>
<META name='Keywords' content='scripting prototyping tcl OOP Forth interpreter C'>
<LINK rel='SHORTCUT ICON' href='ficl.ico'>
<TITLE>upgrading ficl</TITLE>
<style>
blockquote { margin-left: 1em }
</style>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<table border=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%%><tr>
<td width=112 bgcolor=#004968 colspan=3>
<img src=graphics/ficl.4.96.jpg height=96 width=96>
</td>
<td bgcolor=#004968>
<font face=arial,helvetica color=white size=7><b><i>
upgrading ficl
</i></b></font>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#004968 width=10></td>
<td bgcolor=#004968 valign=top>
<br><p>
<a href=index.html><font face=arial,helvetica color=white><b>Index</b></font></a><p>
<p><br>
<a href=dpans.html><font face=arial,helvetica color=white><b>ANS</b></font></a><br>
<a href=api.html><font face=arial,helvetica color=white><b>API</b></font></a><br>
<a href=debugger.html><font face=arial,helvetica color=white><b>Debugger</b></font></a><br>
<a href=http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=24441><font face=arial,helvetica color=white><b>Download</b></font></a><br>
<a href=license.html><font face=arial,helvetica color=white><b>Licensing</b></font></a><br>
<a href=links.html><font face=arial,helvetica color=white><b>Links</b></font></a><br>
<a href=locals.html><font face=arial,helvetica color=white><b>Locals</b></font></a><br>
<a href=oop.html><font face=arial,helvetica color=white><b>OOP In Ficl</b></font></a><br>
<a href=parsesteps.html><font face=arial,helvetica color=white><b>Parse Steps</b></font></a><br>
<a href=releases.html><font face=arial,helvetica color=white><b>Release History</b></font></a><br>
<a href=upgrading.html><font face=arial,helvetica color=white><b>Upgrading To 4.0</b></font></a><br>
</td><td bgcolor=#004968 width=5></td><td valign=top><blockquote><p>
Ficl 4.0 is smaller, faster, and more capable than any previous
version. For more information on why Ficl 4.0 is so gosh-darned
swell, see the <a href=index.html#WhatsNewInFicl4.0>What's New In Ficl 4.0?</a>
section of the overview.
<p>
Since the Ficl API has changed so dramatically, you can't just drop
the new Ficl source. You have two basic choices:
<a href=#compatibility>use the <code>FICL_WANT_COMPATIBILITY</code> support</a>, and
<a href=#newapi>switching to the new API</a>.
<p>
Note that using <i>either</i> of these choices <i>requires</i>
that you recompile your application. You cannot build Ficl 4 into
a shared library or DLL and use it with an application expecting
Ficl 3.0. Stated another way: Ficl 4 is <i>source</i> compatible
but not <i>binary</i> compatible with Ficl 3.
<a name=oldnames>
<p>
</blockquote><table border=0 bgcolor=#a0a0a0 width=100%><tr>
<td width=1em></td>
<td>
<font face=arial,helvetica color=#004968 size=5><b><i>
<a name='UsingcodeFICL_WANT_COMPATIBILITY/code'>
Using <code>FICL_WANT_COMPATIBILITY</code>
</a></i></b></font></td></tr></table><p><blockquote>
</a>
If you want to get Ficl 4.0 up and running in your project as quickly
as possible, <code>FICL_WANT_COMPATIBILITY</code> is what you'll want to use.
There are two easy steps, one of which you might be able to skip:
<p>
<ol>
<li>
Set the C preprocessor constant <code>FICL_WANT_COMPATIBILITY</code> to 1.
The best way is by adding the following line to <code>ficllocal.h</code>:
<pre>
#define FICL_WANT_COMPATIBILITY (1)
</pre>
<li>
<i>If</i> you use a custom <code>ficlTextOut()</code> function, you'll
have to rename it, and explicitly specify it to Ficl. Renaming it is
necessary, because the Ficl compatibility layer also provides one for
code that called <code>ficlTextOut()</code> directly (instead of calling
<code>vmTextOut()</code> as it should have).
We recommend renaming your function to <code>ficlTextOutLocal()</code>, as
we have have provided a prototype for this function for you in <code>ficlcompatibility.h</code>.
This will save you the trouble of defining your own prototype, ensuring you get
correct name decoration / linkage, etc.
<p>
There are two methods you can use to specify your <code>ficlTextOut()</code>
function:
<ol>
<li>
Specify it in the <code>FICL_INIT_INFO</code> structure passed in to
<code>ficlInitSystem()</code>. This is the preferred method, as it ensures
you will see the results of Ficl's initialization code, and it will be
automatically passed in to every newly created VM.
<li>
Set it explicitly in every VM by calling <code>vmSetTextOut()</code> and
passing it in.
</ol>
<p>
<b>Note:</b> Any other method, such as setting it by hand in the
<code>FICL_SYSTEM</code> or <code>FICL_VM</code> structures,
will <b>not</b> work. There is a special compatibility layer for old-style
<code>OUTFUNC</code> functions, but it is only invoked properly when you
use one of the two methods mentioned above.
</ol>
<p>
This <i>should</i> be sufficient for you to recompile-and-go
with Ficl 4. If it's not, please let us know, preferably including a
suggested solution to the problem.
<a name=newapi>
<p>
</blockquote><table border=0 bgcolor=#a0a0a0 width=100%><tr>
<td width=1em></td>
<td>
<font face=arial,helvetica color=#004968 size=5><b><i>
<a name='UsingTheNewAPI'>
Using The New API
</a></i></b></font></td></tr></table><p><blockquote>
</a>
Since most (all?) of the external symbols have changed names since the 3.0 series,
here is a quick guide to get you started on renaming everything. This is by no
means an exhaustive list; this is meant to guide you towards figuring out what
the new name <i>should</i> be. (After all, part of the point of this massive
renaming was to make all the external symbols consistent.)
<p>
<p>
</blockquote><table border=0 bgcolor=#b8b8b8 width=100%><tr>
<td width=1em></td>
<td>
<font face=arial,helvetica color=#004968 size=4><b><i>
<a name='Types'>
Types
</a></i></b></font></td></tr></table><p><blockquote>
Every external type has been renamed. They all begin with the
word <code>ficl</code>, and they use mixed case (instead of all upper-case,
which is now reserved for macros). Also, the confusingly-named
string objects have been renamed:
<code>FICL_STRING</code> is now <code>ficlCountedString</code>, as it
represents a "counted string" in the language, and
the more commonly-used <code>STRINGINFO</code> is now simply
<code>ficlString</code>.
<table width=100%><tr>
<td bgcolor=#d0d0f0><b>old name</b></td>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0ff><b>new name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>FICL_SYSTEM</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlSystem</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>FICL_VM</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlVm</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>FICL_SYSTEM_INFO</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlSystemInformation</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>FICL_WORD</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlWord</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>IPTYPE</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlIp</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>FICL_CODE</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlPrimitive</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>OUTFUNC</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlOutputFunction</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>FICL_DICTIONARY</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlDictionary</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>FICL_STACK</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlStack</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>STRINGINFO</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlString</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>FICL_STRING</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlCountedString</code></td>
</tr>
</table><p>
<p>
</blockquote><table border=0 bgcolor=#b8b8b8 width=100%><tr>
<td width=1em></td>
<td>
<font face=arial,helvetica color=#004968 size=4><b><i>
<a name='StructureMembers'>
Structure Members
</a></i></b></font></td></tr></table><p><blockquote>
In addition, many structure names have changed. To help ease the heartache,
we've also added some accessor macros. So, in case they change in the future,
your code might still compile (hooray!).
<table width=100%><tr>
<td bgcolor=#d0d0f0><b>old name</b></td>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0ff><b>new name</td>
<td bgcolor=#d0d0f0><b>accessor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>pExtend</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>context</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>ficlVmGetContext(), ficlSystemGetContext()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>pStack</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>dataStack</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>ficlVmGetDataStack()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>fStack</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>floatStack</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>ficlVmGetFloatStack()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>rStack</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>returnStack</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>ficlVmGetReturnStack()</code></td>
</tr>
</table><p>
<p>
</blockquote><table border=0 bgcolor=#b8b8b8 width=100%><tr>
<td width=1em></td>
<td>
<font face=arial,helvetica color=#004968 size=4><b><i>
<a name='CallbackFunctions'>
Callback Functions
</a></i></b></font></td></tr></table><p><blockquote>
Text output callbacks have changed in two major ways:
<ul>
<li>
They no longer take a VM pointer; they now take a <code>ficlCallback</code> structure.
This allows output to be printed before a VM is defined, or in circumstances where a
VM may not be defined (such as an assertion failure in a <code>ficlSystem...()</code> function).
<li>
They no longer take a flag indicating whether or not to add a "newline".
Instead, the function must output a newline whenever it encounters
a <code>\n</code> character in the text.
</ul>
If you don't want to rewrite your output function yet, you can
"thunk" the new-style call to the old-style. Just pass in <code>ficlOldnamesCallbackTextOut</code>
as the name of the output function for the system and VM, and then set
the <code>thunkedTextout</code> member of the <code>ficlSystem</code>
or <code>ficlVm</code> to your old-style text output function.
<p>
</blockquote><table border=0 bgcolor=#b8b8b8 width=100%><tr>
<td width=1em></td>
<td>
<font face=arial,helvetica color=#004968 size=4><b><i>
<a name='RenamedMacros'>
Renamed Macros
</a></i></b></font></td></tr></table><p><blockquote>
<table width=100%><tr>
<td bgcolor=#d0d0f0><b>old name</b></td>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0ff><b>new name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>PUSHPTR(p)</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlStackPushPointer(vm->dataStack, p)</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>POPUNS()</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlStackPopUnsigned(vm->dataStack)</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>GETTOP()</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlStackGetTop(vm->dataStack)</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>FW_IMMEDIATE</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>FICL_WORD_IMMEDIATE</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>FW_COMPILE</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>FICL_WORD_COMPILE_ONLY</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>VM_INNEREXIT</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>FICL_VM_STATUS_INNER_EXIT</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>VM_OUTOFTEXT</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>FICL_VM_STATUS_OUT_OF_TEXT</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>VM_RESTART</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>FICL_VM_RESTART</code></td>
</tr>
</table><p>
<p>
</blockquote><table border=0 bgcolor=#b8b8b8 width=100%><tr>
<td width=1em></td>
<td>
<font face=arial,helvetica color=#004968 size=4><b><i>
<a name='codeficllocalh/code'>
<code>ficllocal.h</code>
</a></i></b></font></td></tr></table><p><blockquote>
One more note about macros. Ficl now ships with a standard place for
you to tweak the Ficl compile-time preprocessor switches such as
<code>FICL_WANT_COMPATIBILITY</code> and <code>FICL_WANT_FLOAT</code>.
It's a file called <code>ficllocal.h</code>, and we guarantee that it
will always ship empty (or with only comments). We suggest that you
put all your local changes there, rather than editing <code>ficl.h</code>
or editing the makefile. That should make it much easier to integrate
future Ficl releases into your product—all you need do is preserve
your tweaked copy of <code>ficllocal.h</code> and replace the rest.
<p>
</blockquote><table border=0 bgcolor=#b8b8b8 width=100%><tr>
<td width=1em></td>
<td>
<font face=arial,helvetica color=#004968 size=4><b><i>
<a name='RenamedFunctions'>
Renamed Functions
</a></i></b></font></td></tr></table><p><blockquote>
Every function that deals primarily with a particular structure
is now named after that structure. For instance, any function
that takes a <code>ficlSystem</code> as its first argument is
named <code>ficlSystem<i>Something</i>()</code>. Any function
that takes a <code>ficlVm</code> as its first argument is
named <code>ficlVm<i>Something</i>()</code>. And so on.
<p>
Also, functions that create a new object are always
called <code>Create</code> (not <code>Alloc</code>, <code>Allot</code>, <code>Init</code>, or <code>New</code>).
Functions that create a new object are always
called <code>Destroy</code> (not <code>Free</code>, <code>Term</code>, or <code>Delete</code>).
<p>
<table width=100%><tr>
<td bgcolor=#d0d0f0><b>old name</b></td>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0ff><b>new name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>ficlInitSystem()</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlSystemCreate()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>ficlTermSystem()</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlSystemDestroy()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>ficlNewVM()</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlSystemCreateVm()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>ficlFreeVM()</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlVmDestroy()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>dictCreate()</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlDictionaryCreate()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>dictDelete()</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlDictionaryDestroy()</code></td>
</tr>
</table><p>
<p>
All functions exported by Ficl now start with the word <code>ficl</code>.
This is a <i>feature</i>, as it means the Ficl project will no longer
pollute your namespace.
<table width=100%><tr>
<td bgcolor=#d0d0f0><b>old name</b></td>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0ff><b>new name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>PUSHPTR(p)</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlStackPushPointer(vm->dataStack, p)</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>POPUNS()</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlStackPopUnsigned(vm->dataStack)</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>GETTOP()</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlStackGetTop(vm->dataStack)</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>ltoa()</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlLtoa()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>strincmp()</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlStrincomp()</code></td>
</tr>
</table><p>
<p>
</blockquote><table border=0 bgcolor=#b8b8b8 width=100%><tr>
<td width=1em></td>
<td>
<font face=arial,helvetica color=#004968 size=4><b><i>
<a name='RemovedFunctions'>
Removed Functions
</a></i></b></font></td></tr></table><p><blockquote>
A few entry points have simply been removed.
For instance, functions specifically managing a system's <code>ENVIRONMENT</code>
settings have been removed, in favor of managing the system's
<code>environment</code> dictionary directly:
<table width=100%><tr>
<td bgcolor=#d0d0f0><b>old name</b></td>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0ff><b>new name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>ficlSystemSetEnvironment(system)</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlDictionarySetConstant(ficlSystemGetEnvironment(system), ...)</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>ficlSystemSet2Environment(system)</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlDictionarySet2Constant(ficlSystemGetEnvironment(system), ...)</code></td>
</tr>
</table><p>
In a similar vein, <code>ficlSystemBuild()</code> has been removed in favor
of using <code>ficlDictionarySetPrimitive()</code> directly:
<table width=100%><tr>
<td bgcolor=#d0d0f0><b>old name</b></td>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0ff><b>new name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=#e0e0e0><code>ficlSystemBuild(system, ...)</code></td>
<td bgcolor=#f0f0f0><code>ficlDictionarySetPrimitive(ficlSystemGetDictionary(system), ...)</code></td>
</tr>
</table><p>
Finally, there is no <i>exact</i> replacement for <code>ficlExec()</code>. 99% of the code
that called <code>ficlExec()</code> never bothered to manage <code>SOURCE-ID</code> properly.
If you were calling <code>ficlExec()</code>, and you weren't changing <code>SOURCE-ID</code>
(or <code>vm->sourceId</code>) to match, you should replace those calls with <code>ficlVmEvaluate()</code>,
which will manage <code>SOURCE-ID</code> for you.
<p>
There <i>is</i> a function that takes the place of <code>ficlExec()</code> which doesn't change
<code>SOURCE-ID</code>: <code>ficlVmExecuteString()</code>. However, instead of taking a
straight C string (a <code>char *</code>), it takes a <code>ficlString *</code> as its
code argument. (This is to discourage its use.)
<p>
</blockquote><table border=0 bgcolor=#a0a0a0 width=100%><tr>
<td width=1em></td>
<td>
<font face=arial,helvetica color=#004968 size=5><b><i>
<a name='InternalChanges'>
Internal Changes
</a></i></b></font></td></tr></table><p><blockquote>
<b>Note:</b> none of these changes should affect you. If they do, there's probably
a problem somewhere. Either Ficl's API doesn't abstract away something enough, or
you are approaching a problem the wrong way. Food for thought.
<p>
There's only one internal change worth noting here.
The top value on a Ficl stack used to be at (to use the modern structure names)
<code>stack->top[-1]</code>. It is now at <code>stack->top[0]</code>.
In other words, the "stack top" pointer used to point <i>past</i> the top
element; it now points <i>at</i> the top element. (Pointing <i>at</i> the
top element is not only less confusing, it is also faster.)
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