+ help.c ifile.c input.c jump.c lesskey_parse.c line.c linenum.c lmsg.c \

+LMSG_FILES = \

+ lessmsg lessmsg_int

+ configure.ac lessecho.c scrsize.c \

+ charset.h cmd.h funcs.h lang.h lglob.h less.h lesskey.h lmsg.h option.h \

+ mkhelp.pl mkhelp.py \

+ ${LMSG_FILES} lessmsg.inc \

+all: help.c funcs.h ${UNICODE_FILES} lessmsg.inc ${srcdir}/configure

+ touch ${srcdir}/configure ${srcdir}/defines.h.in

+lessmsg.inc: ${LMSG_FILES}

+ -mv -f $@ $@.old

+ sed -e '/^ *#/d' -e '/^ *$$/d' -e 's/^ *\([^ ]*\) *\(.*\)/M(\1,"\2")/' $^ > $@

+

+ rm -f Makefile config.status config.log config.cache defines.h stamp-h lessmsg.inc \

+ ${GPG} --detach-sign --output=$$RELDIR/$$LESSREL.sig $$RELDIR/$$TARF && \

+ help.obj ifile.obj input.obj jump.obj lesskey_parse.obj line.obj linenum.obj lmsg.obj \

+all: less$(EXT)

+$(OBJ): less.h funcs.h defines.h lang.h lmsg.h lessmsg.inc pattern.h xbuf.h

+ help.${O} ifile.${O} input.${O} jump.${O} lesskey_parse.${O} line.${O} linenum.${O} lmsg.${O} \

+all: less lessecho

+${OBJ}: ${srcdir}/less.h ${srcdir}/funcs.h defines.h lang.h lmsg.h lessmsg.inc pattern.h xbuf.h

+ command.com /c for %f in (*.${O} less lessecho *.exe) do if exist %f del %f

+ help.obj ifile.obj input.obj jump.obj lesskey_parse.obj line.obj linenum.obj lmsg.obj \

+all: less

+$(OBJ): less.h funcs.h defines.h lang.h lmsg.h lessmsg.inc pattern.h xbuf.h

+

+O=t.o

+EXE = _t@EXEEXT@

+else

+O=o

+EXE = @EXEEXT@

+datadir = @datadir@

+manprogext = 1

+manfileext = 5

+.SUFFIXES: .${O}

+.c.${O}:

+ ${CC} -I. ${CFLAGS_COMPILE_ONLY} -DBINDIR=\"${bindir}\" -DLIBEXECDIR=\"${libexecdir}\" -DSYSDIR=\"${sysconfdir}\" ${CPPFLAGS} ${CFLAGS} -o $@ $<

+ line.${O} linenum.${O} lmsg.${O} \

+all: less$(EXE) lessecho$(EXE)

+less$(EXE): ${OBJ}

+lessecho$(EXE): lessecho.${O} version.${O}

+${OBJ}: ${srcdir}/less.h ${srcdir}/funcs.h defines.h lang.h lmsg.h lessmsg.inc pattern.h xbuf.h

+ ${INSTALL_PROGRAM} less$(EXE) ${DESTDIR}${bindir}/${binprefix}less$(EXE)

+ ${INSTALL_PROGRAM} lessecho$(EXE) ${DESTDIR}${libexecdir}/${binprefix}lessecho$(EXE)

+ ${INSTALL_DATA} ${srcdir}/less.nro ${DESTDIR}${mandir}/man${manprogext}/${manprefix}less.${manprogext}

+ ${INSTALL_DATA} ${srcdir}/lesskey.nro ${DESTDIR}${mandir}/man${manfileext}/${manprefix}lesskey.${manfileext}

+ ${INSTALL_DATA} ${srcdir}/lessecho.nro ${DESTDIR}${mandir}/man${manprogext}/${manprefix}lessecho.${manprogext}

+ ${srcdir}/mkinstalldirs ${DESTDIR}${bindir} ${DESTDIR}${libexecdir} ${DESTDIR}${mandir}/man${manprogext} ${DESTDIR}${mandir}/man${manfileext}

+ rm -f ${DESTDIR}${bindir}/${binprefix}less$(EXE)

+ rm -f ${DESTDIR}${libexecdir}/${binprefix}lessecho$(EXE)

+ rm -f ${DESTDIR}${mandir}/man${manprogext}/${manprefix}less.${manprogext}

+ rm -f ${DESTDIR}${mandir}/man${manfileext}/${manprefix}lesskey.${manfileext}

+ rm -f ${DESTDIR}${mandir}/man${manprogext}/${manprefix}lessecho.${manprogext}

+ ${MAKE} LESSTEST=1

+ objdir=$$(pwd); rflags=""; if [ -z "${VERBOSE}" ]; then rflags=-e; fi; cd $(srcdir)/lesstest && ${MAKE} && ./runtest $$rflags -l "$$objdir/less_t@EXEEXT@" lt

+ rm -f *.${O} *.o *.ot core less lessecho less@EXEEXT@ lessecho@EXEEXT@ less_t@EXEEXT@ lessecho_t@EXEEXT@

+ help.${O} ifile.${O} input.${O} jump.${O} lesskey_parse.${O} line.${O} linenum.${O} lmsg.${O} \

+all: less.exe scrsize.exe

+$(OBJ): less.h funcs.h defines.h lang.h lmsg.h lessmsg.inc pattern.h xbuf.h

+ help.${O} ifile.${O} input.${O} jump.${O} lesskey_parse.${O} line.${O} linenum.${O} lmsg.${O} \

+all: less lessecho

+$(OBJ): less.h funcs.h defines.h lang.h lmsg.h lessmsg.inc pattern.h xbuf.h

+ help.${O} ifile.${O} input.${O} jump.${O} lesskey_parse.${O} line.${O} linenum.${O} lmsg.${O} \

+all: less

+$(OBJ): less.h funcs.h defines.h lang.h lmsg.h lessmsg.inc pattern.h xbuf.h

+ help.obj ifile.obj input.obj jump.obj line.obj linenum.obj lmsg.obj \

+all: less lessecho

+$(OBJ): less.h funcs.h defines.h lang.h lmsg.h lessmsg.inc pattern.h xbuf.h

+# By default, the files help.c, funcs.h and lessmsg.inc are generated using few

+# posix utilities (grep, sed, etc). On Windows, if the tools are missing, add:

+LESS_SRC = brac.c ch.c charset.c cmdbuf.c command.c \

+ cvt.c decode.c edit.c evar.c filename.c forwback.c \

+ ifile.c input.c jump.c line.c linenum.c lmsg.c \

+ lsystem.c main.c mark.c optfunc.c option.c \

+ opttbl.c os.c output.c pattern.c position.c \

+ prompt.c screen.c search.c \

+ signal.c tags.c ttyin.c version.c xbuf.c

+

+LESS_SRC += lesskey_parse.c

+OBJ = ${patsubst %.c,%.o,$(LESS_SRC)} help.o

+all: less.exe lessecho.exe

+ MKLESSMSG = type lessmsg lessmsg_int 2>NUL | buildgen.exe lessmsg

+ MKLESSMSG = sed -e "/^ *\#/d" -e "/^ *$$/d" -e "s/^ *\([^ ]*\) *\(.*\)/M(\1,\"\2\")/" lessmsg lessmsg_int

+lessmsg.inc: lessmsg lessmsg_int ${BUILDGEN}

+ ${MKLESSMSG} > $@

+

+$(OBJ): less.h funcs.h defines.h lang.h lmsg.h lessmsg.inc pattern.h xbuf.h

+CFLAGS = /nologo /W3 /EHsc /O2 /I "." /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_CONSOLE" /c

+SRC = brac.c ch.c charset.c cmdbuf.c command.c \

+ cvt.c decode.c edit.c evar.c filename.c forwback.c \

+ ifile.c input.c jump.c line.c linenum.c lmsg.c \

+ lsystem.c main.c mark.c optfunc.c option.c \

+ opttbl.c os.c output.c pattern.c position.c \

+ prompt.c screen.c search.c \

+ signal.c tags.c ttyin.c version.c xbuf.c \

+ regexp.c

+CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) /D "SECURE_COMPILE=1"

+SRC = $(SRC) lesskey_parse.c

+OBJ = $(SRC:.c=.obj) help.obj

+

+all: less.exe

+$(OBJ): less.h funcs.h defines.h lang.h lmsg.h lessmsg.inc pattern.h xbuf.h

+# generate help.c, funcs.h and lessmsg.inc.

+ type $(SRC) 2>NUL | buildgen.exe funcs > funcs.h

+ type lessmsg lessmsg_int 2>NUL | buildgen.exe lessmsg > lessmsg.inc

+ -del *.exe

+ -del help.c

+ -del funcs.h

+ -del lessmsg.inc

+ Major changes between "less" versions 704 and 710

+

+* Add || command.

+

+* In | and || commands, ^N allows entering line number instead of mark letter.

+

+* Add "ESC-]" / "ESC-RIGHTARROW" (right-limit-scroll) command (github #783).

+

+* In lesskey files, add \k^x syntax for control chars and \k+x syntax

+ for shifted chars.

+

+* Underline OSC 8 links in text.

+

+* Add -DO for custom coloring of OSC 8 links.

+

+* Add LESSMSG, which allows translation of messages into other languages.

+

+* Add LESSSECURE_DISALLOW.

+

+* Add LESS_SHELL_COPTION.

+

+* Add %G, %y, and %% in prompt strings.

+

+* Add lesskey support for shift-uparrow, shift-downarrow, shift-pageup,

+ shift-pagedown, ctl-uparrow, ctl-downarrow, ctl-pageup, ctl-pagedown,

+ shift-delete.

+

+* Change "make check" to use nonstandard object and binary file names,

+ to avoid accidentally installing test binaries (github #791).

+

+* Fix issues on systems with volatile getenv return values.

+

+* Improve error handling for malformed binary lesskey file.

+

+* Improve messaging when using __mouse after --emouse (github #808).

+

+* Remove support for obsolete pre-241 lesskey binary format.

+

+* Remove obsolete lesskey program.

+

+* Move lesskey man page to section 5.

+

+* Update display when resize window while in F mode on Windows.

+

+* Fix missing "END" message at end of &-filtered output (github #774).

+

+* Fix missing bell with G command at end of &-filtered output (github #774).

+

+* Don't reset signal handlers in a subprocess on Windows.

+

+* Fix ' command to not modify the mark when given a numeric argument

+ (github #799).

+

+* Fix erroneous message from --rscroll command when rscroll char is non-ASCII.

+

+* Fix unexpected exit when TERM is invalid (github #809).

+

+* Fix possible crash when use ":e #" after ":d" (github #810).

+

+* Fix infinite loop if invalid option letter in LESS_UNSUPPORT.

+

+* Fix crash if run !! command with no previous ! command (github #812).

+

+* Fix inability to run a shell command starting with "!" character.

+

+* Fix bugs using ^S search modifier (github #814).

+

+* Fix display bugs when a status message contains non-ASCII chars

+ or is displayed on a very narrow screen (github #816).

+

+* Fix bug defining command which has a built-in command as a prefix

+ (github #795).

+

+* Fix string overrrun if input contains "\e\0".

+

+* Fix memory leak when using ${...} in lesskey file.

+

+* Fix status column display when long line is marked (github #820).

+

+======================================================================

+

+public void match_brac(char obrac, char cbrac, lbool forwdir, int n)

+ int (*chget)(void);

+ error(LM(Nothing_in_top_line), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Nothing_in_bottom_line), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(No_bracket_in_top_line), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(No_bracket_in_bottom_line), NULL_PARG);

+ } else if (c == cbrac && --nest < 0)

+ error(LM(No_matching_bracket), NULL_PARG);

+extern constant char *help_data;

+extern constant int size_help_data;

+ error(LM(seek_error), NULL_PARG);

+ bp->data[bp->datasize] = (unsigned char) help_data[ch_fpos];

+ if (ch_file < 0)

+ return (EOI);

+ {

+ if (ch_flags & CH_POPENED)

+ {

+ /*

+ * ch_file is a pipe from a LESSOPEN child program.

+ * Since we've read to EOF, the child should have exited.

+ * Close the pipe now so the child does not remain a

+ * zombie. This also reports any error status from the

+ * child if -show-preproc-errors is enabled.

+ */

+ close_pipe(get_altpipe(curr_ifile));

+ set_altpipe(curr_ifile, NULL);

+ ch_file = -1;

+ }

+ }

+ error(LM(ch_ungetchar_overrun), NULL_PARG);

+ ierror(LM(Finishing_logfile), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(log_file_is_incomplete), NULL_PARG);

+ return (size_help_data);

+ ch_fsize = (ch_flags & CH_HELPFILE) ? size_help_data : filesize(ch_file);

+ error(LM(seek_error_to_0), NULL_PARG);

+public lbool seekable(int f)

+ return (FALSE);

+ ch_fsize = (flags & CH_HELPFILE) ? size_help_data : filesize(ch_file);

+ if (ch_file >= 0 && !(ch_flags & (CH_POPENED|CH_HELPFILE)))

+ error(LM(invalid_hex_number_in_LESSUTFCHARDEF), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(missing_colon_in_LESSUTFCHARDEF), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(invalid_chardef), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(chardef_longer_than_256), NULL_PARG);

+static int icharset(constant char *name, lbool no_error)

+ error(LM(invalid_charset_name), NULL_PARG);

+ size_t c;

+ for (c = 0; c < sizeof(chardef); c++)

+ if (icharset(s, FALSE))

+ if (icharset(s, TRUE))

+ if (icharset("utf-8", TRUE))

+ (void) icharset("utf-8", TRUE);

+ (void) icharset("dos", TRUE);

+ (void) icharset("utf-8", TRUE);

+ c = (unsigned char) c; /* {{ parameter is interpreted as a byte }} */

+ return (FALSE); /* invalid lead byte */

+ return (FALSE); /* UTF-8 sequence doesn't fit in buffer */

+ return (FALSE); /* overlong (fits in 1 byte) */

+ /* mask = byte with len high-order bits set to 1, others 0 */

+ return (FALSE); /* overlong (fits in fewer bytes) */

+ return (FALSE); /* not a continuation byte */

+ * Step forward (dir > 0) or backward (dir < 0) one character in a string.

+ * If dir > 0, limit is end of string; if dir < 0, limit is start of string.

+ /* Invalid UTF-8 sequence; just take the next byte as a character. */

+ /* Invalid UTF-8 sequence; just take the next byte as a character. */

+#define A_RSHIFT_LIMIT 80

+#define SK_PAD_ENTER 41

+#define SK_SHIFT_UP_ARROW 42

+#define SK_SHIFT_DOWN_ARROW 43

+#define SK_CTL_UP_ARROW 44

+#define SK_CTL_DOWN_ARROW 45

+#define SK_SHIFT_DELETE 46

+#define SK_SHIFT_PAGE_UP 47

+#define SK_SHIFT_PAGE_DOWN 48

+#define SK_CTL_PAGE_UP 49

+#define SK_CTL_PAGE_DOWN 50

+ cmd_offset = (int) ptr_diff(s, cmdbuf);

+ cmd_offset = (int) ptr_diff(s, cmdbuf);

+ clen = (int) ptr_diff(s, cp);

+ size_t len = ptr_diff(cp, word);

+ tk_original = (char *) ecalloc(len+1, sizeof(char));

+ strncpy(tk_original, word, len);

+ tk_original[len] = '\0';

+ error(LM(Integer_is_too_big), NULL_PARG);

+ if (frac != NULL)

+ *frac = 0;

+ if (*p++ == '.')

+ {

+ /* {{ Just ignore error in fractional part. }} */

+ (void) getfraction(&p, frac);

+ }

+ char *dir = dirfile(home, ".local/state", TRUE);

+ cmd_addhist(ml, string, FALSE);

+ less_stat_t statbuf;

+ int r = less_fstat(fileno(f), &statbuf);

+static POSITION pipe_pos1;

+static POSITION pipe_pos2;

+ cmd_putstr(LM(Non_match));

+ cmd_putstr(LM(First_file));

+ cmd_putstr(LM(EOF_ignore));

+ cmd_putstr(LM(Keep_pos));

+ cmd_putstr(LM(Regex_off));

+ cmd_putstr(LM(Wrap));

+ static char *buf = NULL;

+ static size_t buflen;

+ if (buf == NULL)

+ {

+ buflen = INT_STRLEN_BOUND(int)+strlen(LM(Sub_X)+1);

+ buf = ecalloc(buflen, sizeof(char));

+ }

+ SNPRINTF1(buf, buflen, LM(Sub_X), i);

+ cmd_putstr(LM(Lit));

+ match_brac(cbuf[0], cbuf[1], TRUE, (int) number);

+ match_brac(cbuf[1], cbuf[0], FALSE, (int) number);

+ if (strcmp(cbuf, "!") != 0)

+ lsystem(shellcmd == NULL ? "" : shellcmd, done_msg);

+ (void) pipe_pos(cbuf, pipe_pos1, pipe_pos2);

+ error(LM(There_is_no__X_option), &parg);

+ error(LM(There_is_no_X_option), &parg);

+ static char *buf = NULL;

+ static size_t buflen;

+ if (buf == NULL)

+ {

+ buflen = INT_STRLEN_BOUND(int)+strlen(LM(Sub_pattern_1_X))+1;

+ buf = ecalloc(buflen, sizeof(char));

+ }

+ SNPRINTF1(buf, buflen, LM(Sub_pattern_1_X), NUM_SEARCH_COLORS);

+ error(LM(read_error), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Search_hit_top), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Search_hit_bottom), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Link_X), &parg);

+ error(LM(Pattern_not_found), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Pattern_not_found_X), &parg);

+#if PIPEC

+/*

+ * Read a mark char or line number from the user for use by the pipe command.

+ * If mark_char != NULL, accept *mark_char as well as the normal mark chars.

+ * Also return the entered mark char in *mark_char.

+ */

+static POSITION get_pipe_pos(constant char *mark_msg, constant char *line_msg, mutable char *mark_char)

+{

+ lbool get_line = FALSE;

+ char spec_char = '\0';

+ char c;

+

+ start_mca(A_PIPE, mark_msg, NULL, 0);

+ if (mark_char != NULL)

+ {

+ spec_char = *mark_char;

+ *mark_char = '\0';

+ }

+ for (;;)

+ {

+ c = getcc();

+ if (spec_char != '\0' && c == spec_char)

+ {

+ *mark_char = c;

+ return NULL_POSITION;

+ }

+ if (c == CONTROL('N')) /* toggle between reading mark and line number */

+ {

+ get_line = !get_line;

+ cmd_reset();

+ start_mca(A_PIPE, get_line ? line_msg : mark_msg, NULL, 0);

+ } else if (get_line) /* reading line number */

+ {

+ if ((c >= '0' && c <= '9') || is_erase_char(c))

+ {

+ if (cmd_char(c) == CC_QUIT)

+ return NULL_POSITION;

+ } else if (is_newline_char(c))

+ {

+ POSITION pos;

+ LINENUM lnum = cmd_int(NULL);

+ cmd_reset();

+ if (lnum == 0 || (pos = find_pos(lnum)) == NULL_POSITION)

+ {

+ error(LM(Invalid_line_number), NULL_PARG);

+ return NULL_POSITION;

+ }

+ return pos;

+ } else

+ lbell();

+ } else /* reading mark char */

+ {

+ if (is_erase_char(c))

+ return NULL_POSITION;

+ if (is_newline_char(c))

+ c = '.';

+ if (badmark(c))

+ return NULL_POSITION;

+ if (mark_char != NULL)

+ *mark_char = c;

+ return markpos(c);

+ }

+ }

+}

+#endif /* PIPEC */

+

+ error(LM(command_may_not_work_correctly_with_LESSOPEN), NULL_PARG);

+ cmd_exec();

+ error(LM(Command_not_available), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Command_not_available), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Command_not_available), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Command_not_available), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Command_not_available), NULL_PARG);

+ start_mca(A_EXAMINE, LM(Examine), ml_examine, 0);

+ error(LM(Command_not_available), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Cannot_edit_standard_input), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(This_file_was_viewed_via_LESSOPEN), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Command_not_available), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(No_next_file), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(No_X_next_file), &parg);

+ error(LM(No_previous_file), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(No_X_previous_file), &parg);

+ error(LM(No_next_tag), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Command_not_available), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(No_previous_tag), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Command_not_available), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(No_such_file), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Command_not_available), NULL_PARG);

+ start_mca(A_SETMARK, LM(set_mark), NULL, 0);

+ start_mca(A_CLRMARK, LM(clear_mark), NULL, 0);

+ start_mca(A_GOMARK, LM(goto_mark), NULL, 0);

+ char mark_char = '|';

+ pipe_pos1 = get_pipe_pos(LM(pipe_mark), LM(pipe_line_number), &mark_char);

+ if (mark_char == '|') /* double pipe: read two marks */

+ {

+ if ((pipe_pos1 = get_pipe_pos(LM(pipe_first_mark), LM(pipe_first_line_number), NULL)) == NULL_POSITION ||

+ (pipe_pos2 = get_pipe_pos(LM(pipe_second_mark), LM(pipe_second_line_number), NULL)) == NULL_POSITION)

+ {

+ getcc_clear();

+ break;

+ }

+ } else

+ {

+ if (pipe_pos1 == NULL_POSITION)

+ {

+ getcc_clear();

+ break;

+ }

+ if (mark_char == '.') /* special case: pipe current screen */

+ {

+ pipe_pos1 = markpos(':');

+ pipe_pos2 = markpos(';');

+ } else

+ {

+ pipe_pos2 = NULL_POSITION;

+ }

+ }

+ error(LM(Command_not_available), NULL_PARG);

+ start_mca(action, LM(Brackets), NULL, 0);

+ case A_RSHIFT_LIMIT:

+ if (action == A_RSHIFT_LIMIT)

+ {

+ int ll = longest_line_width();

+ if (hshift + sc_width + (int) number > ll)

+ number = ll - hshift - sc_width;

+ }

+extern constant char *no_config;

+ ESC,SK(SK_RIGHT_ARROW),0, A_RSHIFT_LIMIT,

+ ESC,']',0, A_RSHIFT_LIMIT,

+ SK(SK_CTL_UP_ARROW),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_CTL_DOWN_ARROW),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_SHIFT_UP_ARROW),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_SHIFT_DOWN_ARROW),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_DELETE),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_CTL_DELETE),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_SHIFT_DELETE),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_INSERT),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_BACKTAB),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_BACKSPACE),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_CTL_BACKSPACE),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_SHIFT_PAGE_UP),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_SHIFT_PAGE_DOWN),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_CTL_PAGE_UP),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_CTL_PAGE_DOWN),0, A_NOACTION,

+ '\b',0, A_NOACTION,

+ '\177',0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_CTL_UP_ARROW),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_CTL_DOWN_ARROW),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_SHIFT_UP_ARROW),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_SHIFT_DOWN_ARROW),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_SHIFT_DELETE),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_PAGE_UP),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_PAGE_DOWN),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_SHIFT_LEFT_ARROW),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_SHIFT_RIGHT_ARROW),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_SHIFT_PAGE_UP),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_SHIFT_PAGE_DOWN),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_CTL_PAGE_UP),0, A_NOACTION,

+ SK(SK_CTL_PAGE_DOWN),0, A_NOACTION,

+ if (klen < 3)

+ {

+ /* Malformed entry; N cannot be less than 3.

+ * Skip this entry and (for simplicity) the rest of the table. */

+ return;

+ }

+ if (to + strlen(repl) + 1 > table + len)

+ {

+ /* Replacement string won't fit in table.

+ * This cannot happen unless klen is wrong. */

+ return;

+ }

+ if (fm + 2 > table + len)

+ return; /* last entry is truncated */

+ * Add a command table.

+ */

+static int add_cmd_table(struct tablelist **tlist, unsigned char *buf, size_t len)

+{

+ struct tablelist *t;

+

+ if (len == 0)

+ return (0);

+ /*

+ * Allocate a tablelist structure, initialize it,

+ * and link it into the list of tables.

+ */

+ if ((t = (struct tablelist *)

+ calloc(1, sizeof(struct tablelist))) == NULL)

+ {

+ return (-1);

+ }

+ t->t_start = buf;

+ t->t_end = buf + len;

+ t->t_next = NULL;

+ if (*tlist == NULL)

+ *tlist = t;

+ else

+ {

+ struct tablelist *e;

+ for (e = *tlist; e->t_next != NULL; e = e->t_next)

+ continue;

+ e->t_next = t;

+ }

+ return (0);

+}

+

+/*

+ * Add a command table.

+ */

+static void add_fcmd_table(unsigned char *buf, size_t len)

+{

+ if (add_cmd_table(&list_fcmd_tables, buf, len) < 0)

+ error(LM(some_commands_disabled), NULL_PARG);

+}

+

+/*

+ * Add an editing command table.

+ */

+static void add_ecmd_table(unsigned char *buf, size_t len)

+{

+ if (add_cmd_table(&list_ecmd_tables, buf, len) < 0)

+ error(LM(some_edit_commands_disabled), NULL_PARG);

+}

+

+/*

+ * Add an environment variable table.

+ */

+static void add_var_table(struct tablelist **tlist, mutable unsigned char *buf, size_t len)

+{

+ struct xbuffer xbuf;

+

+ xbuf_init(&xbuf);

+ expand_evars((mutable char*)buf, len, &xbuf); /*{{unsigned-issue}}*/

+ /* {{ We leak the table in buf. expand_evars scribbled in it so it's useless anyway. }} */

+ if (add_cmd_table(tlist, xbuf.data, xbuf.end) < 0)

+ error(LM(environment_variables_from_lesskey_file_unavailable), NULL_PARG);

+}

+

+static void add_uvar_table(unsigned char *buf, size_t len)

+{

+ add_var_table(&list_var_tables, buf, len);

+}

+

+static void add_sysvar_table(unsigned char *buf, size_t len)

+{

+ add_var_table(&list_sysvar_tables, buf, len);

+}

+

+/*

+ struct tablelist *t = find_stop_table(list_fcmd_tables);

+ if (t != NULL)

+ {

+ t->t_next = NULL;

+ list_fcmd_tables = t;

+ }

+ * Skip to next null byte in entry, and return pointer to it.

+ * Return NULL if no null byte is found before end.

+ */

+static constant unsigned char * skip_to_null(constant unsigned char *entry, constant unsigned char *end)

+{

+ for (;;)

+ {

+ if (entry >= end)

+ return NULL;

+ if (*entry == '\0')

+ return entry;

+ ++entry;

+ }

+}

+

+/*

+ * Also return the command length, the action code and the extra string

+ * from the current entry.

+ * Return NULL if the entry is truncated.

+static constant unsigned char * cmd_next_entry(constant unsigned char *entry, constant unsigned char *end, mutable int *action, mutable constant unsigned char **extra, mutable size_t *cmdlen)

+ entry = skip_to_null(entry, end); /* skip to end of cmd */

+ if (entry == NULL)

+ return NULL;

+ do { /* skip any A_SKIP bytes between cmd and action */

+ if (++entry >= end)

+ return NULL;

+ a = *entry;

+ } while (a == A_SKIP);

+ entry = skip_to_null(entry, end); /* skip to end of extra string */

+ if (entry == NULL)

+ return NULL;

+ ++entry; /* skip null at end of extra string */

+#if USERFILE

+ entry = cmd_next_entry(entry, t->t_end, &action, NULL, NULL);

+ if (entry == NULL)

+ break;

+#endif /* USERFILE */

+ * Search a list of command tables for the command string in cmd.

+ table = cmd_next_entry(table, tlist->t_end, &taction, &textra, &tcmdlen);

+ if (table == NULL)

+ {

+ /* Truncated/malformed entry; ignore this entry and move to next table. */

+ tlist = tlist->t_next;

+ continue;

+ }

+ /* Last entry in table; process this entry then move to next table. */

+ } else if (tmatch > 0 && (tmatch > match_len || !anchored))

+static int ecmd_decode(constant char *cmd, constant char **sp)

+static int csl_bitmap_bit(constant char *name, size_t len, struct csl_bitmap_def *defs, int num_defs, constant char *pfx)

+ return csl_bitmap_error(pfx, LM(ambiguous), len, name);

+ return csl_bitmap_error(pfx, LM(invalid), len, name);

+#if !GETENV_NONVOLATILE

+

+/*

+ * Cache for environment variables.

+ * We keep them in a cache to ensure that lgetenv always returns

+ * a string with indefinite lifetime. POSIX specifies that a string

+ * returned from getenv may be overwritten by a subsequent getenv.

+ */

+struct env_cache {

+ struct env_cache *ec_next;

+ char *ec_var;

+ char *ec_value;

+};

+

+static struct env_cache *env_cache_list = NULL;

+

+/*

+ * Add an environment variable to the cache.

+ */

+static void addenv_cache(constant char *var, constant char *value)

+{

+ struct env_cache *ec = ecalloc(1, sizeof(struct env_cache));

+

+ ec->ec_var = save(var);

+ ec->ec_value = save(value);

+ ec->ec_next = env_cache_list;

+ env_cache_list = ec;

+}

+

+/*

+ * Find an environment variable in the cache.

+ */

+static constant char * getenv_cache(constant char *var)

+{

+ struct env_cache *ec;

+

+ for (ec = env_cache_list; ec != NULL; ec = ec->ec_next)

+ {

+ if (strcmp(var, ec->ec_var) == 0)

+ return ec->ec_value;

+ }

+ return NULL;

+}

+

+#endif /* GETENV_NONVOLATILE */

+

+#if !GETENV_NONVOLATILE

+ s = getenv_cache(var);

+ if (!isnullenv(s))

+ return (s);

+#endif

+ if (!isnullenv(s))

+ {

+#if !GETENV_NONVOLATILE

+ addenv_cache(var, s);

+#endif

+ }

+ if (e+1 >= env_buf_len) break;

+ add_cmd_table(&list_var_tables, env_buf, env_end);

+ * Verify lesskey file header.

+ return (-1);

+public void lesskey_parse_error(constant char *s)

+ filename = dirfile(xdg, &def_filename[1], TRUE);

+ char *cfg_dir = dirfile(home, ".config", FALSE);

+ filename = dirfile(cfg_dir, &def_filename[1], TRUE);

+public void close_pipe(FILE *pipefd)

+ error(LM(Input_preprocessor_failed), &parg);

+ error(LM(Input_preprocessor_terminated_X), &parg);

+ error(LM(Input_preprocessor_exited_with_status_X), &parg);

+static void close_altpipe(IFILE ifile)

+static int edit_error(constant char *filename, constant char *alt_filename, FILE *altpipe, IFILE ifile)

+ FILE *altpipe;

+ answer = query(LM(X_may_be_a_binary_file), &parg);

+ if (answer == 'q')

+ quit(QUIT_OK);

+ error(LM(X_is_a_terminal), &parg);

+ curr_ino = curr_dev = 0;

+ if (!is_fake_pathname(open_filename))

+ less_stat_t statbuf;

+ int r = less_stat(open_filename, &statbuf);

+ if (qfilename == NULL)

+ cmd_addhist(ml_examine, filename, TRUE);

+ else

+ {

+ cmd_addhist(ml_examine, qfilename, TRUE);

+ free(qfilename);

+ }

+ error(LM(Missing_filename), NULL_PARG);

+ quit(QUIT_ERROR);

+ answer = query(LM(X_exists), &parg);

+ answer = query(LM(Overwrite), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Cannot_write_to_X), &parg);

+ char *np;

+ constant char *p;

+ lbool use_quotes = FALSE;

+ constant char *es = s + slen;

+#if MSDOS_COMPILER

+ int cbs = 0; /* consecutive backslashes */

+

+ if (slen == 0)

+ use_quotes = TRUE;

+ else

+ {

+ for (p = s; p < es; ++p)

+ {

+ if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t')

+ {

+ use_quotes = TRUE;

+ break;

+ }

+ }

+ }

+ newstr = np = (char *) ecalloc(2*slen+3, sizeof(char));

+ if (use_quotes)

+ *np++ = '"';

+ while (s < es)

+ {

+ if (*s == '\\' || *s == '"')

+ *np++ = '\\';

+ else

+ np -= cbs;

+ cbs = (*s == '\\') ? cbs + 1 : 0;

+ *np++ = *s++;

+ }

+ if (use_quotes)

+ *np++ = '"';

+ else

+ np -= cbs;

+ *np = '\0';

+#else

+ for (p = s; p < es; p++)

+#endif

+public char * dirfile(constant char *dirname, constant char *filename, lbool must_exist)

+ pathname = dirfile(lgetenv("HOME"), filename, TRUE);

+ pathname = dirfile(lgetenv("INIT"), filename, TRUE);

+ * But two consecutive "%"s are just replaced with one "%".

+ * Likewise for two consecutive "#"s.

+ constant char *copt = shell_coption();

+ if (copt == NULL)

+ char *esccmd = shell_quote(cmd);

+ if (esccmd == NULL)

+ {

+ error(LM(cannot_quote_command), NULL_PARG);

+ return NULL;

+ } else

+ {

+ size_t len = strlen(shell) + strlen(esccmd) + strlen(copt) + 3;

+ char *scmd = (char *) ecalloc(len, sizeof(char));

+ SNPRINTF3(scmd, len, "%s %s %s", shell, copt, esccmd);

+ fd = popen(scmd, "r");

+ free(scmd);

+ free(esccmd);

+ }

+public char * open_altfile(constant char *filename, int *pf, FILE **pfd)

+ error(LM(LESSOPEN_pipe_is_not_supported), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(LESSOPEN_ignored), NULL_PARG);

+ if (qfilename == NULL)

+ {

+ return (NULL);

+ }

+ *pfd = fd;

+ error(LM(LESSCLOSE_ignored), NULL_PARG);

+ if (qfilename == NULL)

+ return;

+ if (qaltfilename == NULL)

+ {

+ free(qfilename);

+ return;

+ }

+ constant char *is_a_dir = LM(is_a_directory);

+ m = (char *) ecalloc(strlen(filename) + strlen(is_a_dir) + 2, sizeof(char));

+ strcat(m, " ");

+ constant char *not_reg = LM(is_not_a_regular_file);

+ m = (char *) ecalloc(strlen(filename) + strlen(not_reg) + 2, sizeof(char));

+ strcat(m, " ");

+ if (f < 0)

+ return (NULL_POSITION);

+{

+}

+{

+}

+ less_stat_t st;

+ int r = less_stat(get_filename(curr_ifile), &st);

+ constant char *copt = lgetenv("LESS_SHELL_COPTION");

+ if (isnullenv(copt))

+ copt = "-c";

+ else if (strcmp(copt, "-") == 0)

+ copt = NULL;

+ return copt;

+ pos = position(TOP);

+ if (ln+1 == header_lines && position(TOP) != header_start_pos)

+ putstr(LM(skipping));

+ putstr("\n");

+ pos = back_line(pos, NULL, &newline);

+public lbool secure_allow(unsigned int features);

+public void raw_mode(lbool on);

+public void update_term(void);

+public void match_brac(char obrac, char cbrac, lbool forwdir, int n);

+public lbool seekable(int f);

+public void lesskey_parse_error(constant char *s);

+public void close_pipe(FILE *pipefd);

+public char * dirfile(constant char *dirname, constant char *filename, lbool must_exist);

+public char * open_altfile(constant char *filename, int *pf, FILE **pfd);

+public void set_altpipe(IFILE ifile, FILE *p);

+public FILE *get_altpipe(IFILE ifile);

+public POSITION back_line(POSITION curr_pos, POSITION *p_linepos, lbool *p_newline);

+public int parse_lesskey(constant char *infile, struct lesskey_tables *tables);

+public int parse_lesskey_content(constant char *content, struct lesskey_tables *tables);

+public void plinestart(POSITION line_pos, POSITION curr_pos);

+public void lmsg_init(constant char *lmsg_file);

+public constant char * lmsg(lessmsg_id id);

+public int pipe_pos(constant char *cmd, POSITION mpos1, POSITION mpos2);

+public void less_printf(constant char *fmt, constant PARG *parg);

+public void init_signals(lbool on);

+/* This file was generated by mkhelp.pl from less.hlp at 1:42 on 2026/9/9 */

+' ',' ','J',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ','*',' ',' ','F','o','r','w','a','r','d',' ',' ','o','n','e',' ','l','i','n','e',',',' ','b','u','t',' ','d','o','n','\'','t',' ','s','t','o','p',' ','a','t',' ','e','n','d','-','o','f','-','f','i','l','e','.','\n',

+' ',' ','K',' ',' ','Y',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ','*',' ',' ','B','a','c','k','w','a','r','d',' ','o','n','e',' ','l','i','n','e',',',' ','b','u','t',' ','d','o','n','\'','t',' ','s','t','o','p',' ','a','t',' ','b','e','g','i','n','n','i','n','g','-','o','f','-','f','i','l','e','.','\n',

+' ',' ','E','S','C','-',']',' ',' ','E','S','C','-','R','A','r','r','o','w',' ','*',' ',' ','R','i','g','h','t',' ','l','i','k','e',' ','E','S','C','-',')',' ','b','u','t',' ','s','t','o','p',' ','a','t',' ','l','o','n','g','e','s','t',' ','l','i','n','e','.','\n',

+' ',' ','|','|','X','\b','X','Y','\b','Y','_','\b','c','_','\b','o','_','\b','m','_','\b','m','_','\b','a','_','\b','n','_','\b','d',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ','P','i','p','e',' ','f','i','l','e',' ','b','e','t','w','e','e','n',' ','m','a','r','k',' ','X','\b','X',' ','a','n','d',' ','m','a','r','k',' ','Y','\b','Y',' ','t','o',' ','s','h','e','l','l',' ','c','o','m','m','a','n','d','.','\n',

+extern IFILE old_ifile;

+ FILE *h_altpipe; /* Alt pipe */

+ if (h == old_ifile)

+ old_ifile = NULL_IFILE;

+public void set_altpipe(IFILE ifile, FILE *p)

+public FILE *get_altpipe(IFILE ifile)

+ plinestart(base_pos, curr_pos);

+ plinestart(base_pos, curr_pos);

+public POSITION back_line(POSITION curr_pos, POSITION *p_linepos, lbool *p_newline)

+ if (p_linepos != NULL)

+ *p_linepos = NULL_POSITION;

+ prewind(FALSE);

+ plinestart(new_pos, new_pos);

+ if (p_linepos != NULL)

+ *p_linepos = curr_pos;

+extern POSITION soft_eof;

+ POSITION bot_pos;

+ error(LM(Cannot_seek_to_end_of_file), NULL_PARG);

+ bot_pos = position(BOTTOM_PLUS_ONE);

+ if (bot_pos == end_pos || (bot_pos == soft_eof && soft_eof != NULL_POSITION))

+ pos = back_line(end_pos, &soft_eof, NULL);

+ error(LM(Cannot_seek_to_end_of_buffers), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Cannot_seek_to_beginning_of_file), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Cannot_seek_to_line_number_X), &parg);

+ ierror(LM(Determining_length_of_file), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Dont_know_length_of_file), NULL_PARG);

+ error(LM(Cannot_seek_to_that_file_position), NULL_PARG);

+ pos = back_line(pos, NULL, NULL);

+#include "lmsg.h"

+#define TO_UPPER(c) (is_ascii_char(c) ? (LWCHAR) toupper((unsigned char) (c)) : (LWCHAR) (c))

+#define TO_LOWER(c) (is_ascii_char(c) ? (LWCHAR) tolower((unsigned char) (c)) : (LWCHAR) (c))

+#define TO_UPPER(c) (is_ascii_char(c) ? (LWCHAR) ASCII_TO_UPPER(c) : (LWCHAR) (c))

+#define TO_LOWER(c) (is_ascii_char(c) ? (LWCHAR) ASCII_TO_LOWER(c) : (LWCHAR) (c))

+ OSC_STRING_CSI, /* Waiting for backslash after the final ESC. */

+ OSC8_URI_CSI, /* Waiting for backslash after the final ESC. */

+#define AT_COLOR_OSC8 (13 << AT_COLOR_SHIFT)

+#define AT_COLOR_SS_OFFSET 14 /* largest AT_COLOR_* value + 1 */

+struct lesskey_tables;

+ J * Forward one line, but don't stop at end-of-file.

+ K Y * Backward one line, but don't stop at beginning-of-file.

+ ESC-] ESC-RArrow * Right like ESC-) but stop at longest line.

+ ||XXYY_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe file between mark XX and mark YY to shell command.

+ less [-[+] aABcCdeEfFgGiIJKLmMnNqQrRsSuUVwWX~] [-b size] [-D color]

+ [-h lines] [-j line] [-k key‐file] [-{o|O} log‐file] [-p pat‐

+ tern] [-P prompt] [-t tag] [-T tags‐file] [-x tab[{,tab}...]]

+ ESC‐] or ESC‐RIGHTARROW

+ Scroll horizontally right N characters like RIGHTARROW, but stop

+ scrolling when the last (rightmost) character on the displayed

+ screen becomes visible at the right margin.

+

+ Scroll horizontally left N characters, default half the screen

+ width (see the -# option). If a number N is specified, it be‐

+ Scroll horizontally right to show the end of the longest dis‐

+ Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file, and

+ scroll horizontally right to show the end of the longest dis‐

+ Go to line N in the file, default 1 (beginning of file), and

+ load the current file. Useful if the file is changing while it

+ F Scroll forward, and keep trying to read when the end of file is

+ reached. Normally this command would be used when already at

+ the end of the file. It is a way to monitor the tail of a file

+ which is growing while it is being viewed. (The behavior is

+ similar to the "tail -f" command.) To stop waiting for more

+ data, enter the interrupt character (usually ^C). On systems

+ ified by the --intr option. If the input is a pipe and the

+ --exit-follow-on-close option is in effect, less will automati‐

+ cally stop waiting for data when the input side of the pipe is

+ ESC‐f Like F, but each time a line is found which matches the last

+ ESC‐F Like F, but as soon as a line is found which matches the last

+ search pattern, the terminal bell is rung and forward scrolling

+ Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file. (Warn‐

+ ing: this may be slow if N is large, or if N is not specified

+ ESC‐G Same as G, except if no number N is specified and the input is

+ standard input, goes to the last line which is currently

+ screen, the { command will go to the matching right curly

+ bracket. The matching right curly bracket is positioned on the

+ bracket on the top line, a number N may be used to specify the

+ the screen, the } command will go to the matching left curly

+ bracket. The matching left curly bracket is positioned on the

+ top line of the screen. If there is more than one right curly

+ bracket on the bottom line, a number N may be used to specify

+ [ Like {, but applies to square brackets rather than curly brack‐

+ ] Like }, but applies to square brackets rather than curly brack‐

+ ESC‐^F Followed by two characters, acts like {, but uses the two char‐

+ acters as open and close brackets, respectively. For example,

+ "ESC ^F < >" could be used to go forward to the > which matches

+ ESC‐^B Followed by two characters, acts like }, but uses the two char‐

+ acters as open and close brackets, respectively. For example,

+ m Followed by any lowercase or uppercase letter, marks the first

+ displayed line with that letter. If a number N is given, line

+ M Acts like m, except the last displayed line is marked rather

+ than the first displayed line. If a number N is given, line

+ ' (Single quote.) Followed by any lowercase or uppercase letter,

+ returns to the position which was previously marked with that

+ letter. Followed by another single quote, returns to the posi‐

+ tion at which the last "large" movement command was executed.

+ Followed by a ^ or $, jumps to the beginning or end of the file

+ on the N‐th line on the screen. Otherwise, it is placed on the

+ same line that it was on when it was marked (the first line on

+ the screen if marked via the m command, the last line on the

+ if marked via the mouse). Marks are preserved when a new file

+ tion causes marks to be preserved across different invocations

+ ESC‐m Followed by any lowercase or uppercase letter, clears the mark

+ recognized by the regular expression library supplied by your

+ system. By default, searching is case‐sensitive (uppercase and

+ lowercase are considered different); the -i option can be used

+ to change this. The search starts at the first line displayed

+ Certain characters are special if entered at the beginning of

+ the pattern; they modify the type of search rather than become

+ Search multiple files. That is, if the search reaches

+ the END of the current file without finding a match, the

+ search continues in the next file in the command line

+ Begin the search at the first line of the FIRST file in

+ the command line list, regardless of what is currently

+ displayed on the screen or the settings of the -a or -j

+ ^K Highlight any text which matches the pattern on the cur‐

+ ^R Don’t interpret regular expression metacharacters; that

+ ^S Followed by a digit N between 1 and 5. Only text which

+ TERN will be considered to match the pattern. For exam‐

+ ple, searching for "(abc)|(def)" modified with ^S1 would

+ search for instances of "abc", but would highlight in‐

+ is built with one of the regular expression libraries

+ posix, pcre, or pcre2.) Multiple ^S modifiers can be

+ ^W WRAP around the current file. That is, if the search

+ reaches the end of the current file without finding a

+ match, the search continues from the first line of the

+ current file up to the line where it started. If the ^W

+ ^L The next character is taken literally; that is, it be‐

+ comes part of the pattern even if it is one of the above

+ Search backward in the file for the N‐th line containing the

+ pattern. The search starts at the last line displayed (but see

+ Search multiple files. That is, if the search reaches

+ the beginning of the current file without finding a

+ match, the search continues in the previous file in the

+ command line list, regardless of what is currently dis‐

+ played on the screen or the settings of the -a or -j op‐

+ ^W WRAP around the current file. That is, if the search

+ a match, the search continues from the last line of the

+ n Repeat previous search, for N‐th line containing the last pat‐

+ tern. If the previous search was modified by ^N, the search is

+ made for the N‐th line NOT containing the pattern. If the pre‐

+ vious search was modified by ^E, the search continues in the

+ next (or previous) file if not satisfied in the current file.

+ If the previous search was modified by ^R, the search is done

+ without using regular expressions. If the previous search was

+ modified by ^W, the search wraps at the end (or beginning) of

+ the file. There is no effect if the previous search was modi‐

+ ESC‐n Repeat previous search, but crossing file boundaries. The ef‐

+ ESC‐N Repeat previous search, but in the reverse direction and cross‐

+ ESC‐u Undo search highlighting. Turn off highlighting of strings

+ off because of a previous ESC‐u command, turn highlighting back

+ on. Any search command will also turn highlighting back on.

+ Also unselects any OSC 8 hyperlink that is currently selected.

+ ESC‐U Like ESC‐u but also clears the saved search pattern. If the

+ status column is enabled via the -J option, this clears all

+ Display only lines which match the pattern; lines which do not

+ match the pattern are hidden. If pattern is empty (if you type

+ & immediately followed by ENTER), any filtering is turned off,

+ and all lines are displayed. While filtering is in effect, an

+ ampersand is displayed at the beginning of the prompt, as a re‐

+ minder that some lines in the file may be hidden. Multiple &

+ commands may be entered, in which case only lines which match

+ ^R Don’t interpret regular expression metacharacters; that

+ Examine a new file. If the filename is missing, the "current"

+ file (see the :n and :p commands below) from the list of files

+ in the command line is re‐examined. A percent sign (%) in the

+ filename is replaced by the shell‐escaped name of the current

+ the previously examined file. However, two consecutive percent

+ signs are simply replaced with a single percent sign. This al‐

+ name. Similarly, two consecutive pound signs are replaced with

+ a single pound sign. The filename is inserted into the command

+ line list of files so that it can be seen by subsequent :n and

+ :p commands. If the filename consists of several files, they

+ filename should be enclosed in double quotes (also see the -"

+ option). Any shell metacharacters in the filename, such as "*"

+ and "?", are expanded by the shell named in the SHELL environ‐

+ ment variable. (Note that some shells may execute external pro‐

+ grams if certain metacharacters are used, such as backticks or

+ dollar signs.)

+ - Followed by one of the command line option letters (see “OP‐

+ TIONS” below), this will change the setting of that option and

+ print a message describing the new setting. If a ^P (CONTROL‐P)

+ is entered immediately after the dash, the setting of the option

+ is changed but no message is printed. If the option letter has

+ a numeric value (such as -b or -h), or a string value (such as

+ -P or -t), a new value may be entered after the option letter.

+ If no new value is entered, a message describing the current

+ setting is printed and nothing is changed.

+ -- Like the - command, but takes a long option name (see “OPTIONS”

+ below), rather than a single option letter. Press ENTER or RE‐

+ (%) in the command is replaced by the name of the current file.

+ Two consecutive percent signs (%%) are replaced with a single

+ percent sign. A pound sign (#) is replaced by the name of the

+ previously examined file. Two consecutive pound signs (##) are

+ replaced with a single pound sign. "!!" repeats the last shell

+ command. "!" with no shell command invokes an interactive

+ shell. If a ^P (CONTROL‐P) is entered immediately after the !,

+ no "done" message is printed after the shell command is exe‐

+ variable SHELL, or defaults to "sh". On MS‐DOS, Windows, and

+ Similar to the "!" command, except that the command is expanded

+ <m> represents any mark character. Pipes a section of the input

+ the marked line, inclusive. <m> may also be "^" or "$" to indi‐

+ cate beginning or end of file respectively. If <m> is "." or

+ newline, the currently displayed screen is piped. You can type

+ ^N in place of <m> in order to enter a line number instead of a

+ mark letter. If a ^P (CONTROL‐P) is entered at the start of the

+ shell command, no "done" message is printed after the shell com‐

+ mand is executed.

+

+ || <m1> <m2> shell‐command

+ Like "|", pipes a section of the input file to the given shell

+ command. The section of the file to be piped is between the two

+ lines marked with <m1> and <m2>, inclusive. The line marked by

+ <m1> may be either before or after the line marked by <m2> in

+ the file. Either mark may be "^" or "$" to indicate beginning

+ or end of file respectively. ":" or newline indicates the first

+ line displayed on the screen, and ";" indicates the last line

+ displayed on the screen. You can type ^N in place of either

+ <m1> or <m2> in order to enter a line number instead of a mark

+ letter.

+ Save the input to a file. This works only if the input is a

+ Run a shell command to open the URI in the current OSC 8 hyper‐

+ link, selected by a previous ^O^N or ^O^P command. The shell

+ part before the first colon), converted to lowercase. If there

+ able after a space, and the resulting string is executed as a

+ For example, if you wish to open https links by invoking a pro‐

+ gram called "mybrowser" with a "--new-window" option, you could

+ If the handler command begins with "-", the command is not dis‐

+ played before it is executed. If the handler command begins

+ with ^P (CONTROL‐P), the "link done" message is not displayed

+ after it is executed. If the handler command begins with ^P

+ If you attempt to open a link with the "xxx" scheme and the

+ LESS_OSC8_OPEN_ANY is tried. If neither LESS_OSC8_OPEN_xxx nor

+ LESS_OSC8_OPEN_ANY is set, links using the "xxx" scheme cannot

+ be opened. However, there is a default value for

+ LESS_OSC8_OPEN_ANY which invokes the program less-osc8-open(1).

+ This program will open links with the schemes "man" (by running

+ file is local). less-osc8-open should work on systems which

+ Any shell metacharacters such as semicolons, dollar signs, am‐

+ persands, etc. in the URI will be shell‐escaped before the URI

+ is appended to the handler command. If the handler passes the

+ URI or any substring of it to a shell, it should take care to

+ appropriately quote such strings, to prevent execution of unin‐

+ tended shell commands when opening a URI which contains shell

+ As a special case, if the URI begins with "#", the remainder of

+ the URI is taken to be the value of the id parameter in another

+ OSC 8 link in the same file, and ^O^O will simply jump to that

+ ^X When the "Waiting for data" message is displayed, such as while

+ in the F command, pressing ^X will stop less from waiting and

+ return to a prompt. This may cause less to think that the file

+ ends at the current position, so it may be necessary to use the

+ R or F command to see more data. The --intr option can be used

+ to specify a different character to use instead of ^X. This

+ Command line options are described below. Most options may be changed

+ Some options may be given in one of two forms: either a dash followed

+ by a single letter, or two dashes followed by a long option name. A

+ long option name may be abbreviated as long as the abbreviation is un‐

+ ambiguous. For example, --mouse may be abbreviated --mou, but not

+ letter capitalized; the remainder of the name may be in either case.

+ On MS‐DOS and Windows, you don’t need the quotes, but you should be

+ careful that any percent signs in the options string are not inter‐

+ The environment variable is parsed before the command line, so command

+ line options override the LESS environment variable. If an option ap‐

+ Some options like -k or -D require a string to follow the option let‐

+ ter. The string for that option is considered to end when a dollar

+ If the --use-backslash option appears earlier in the options, then a

+ dollar sign or backslash may be included literally in an option string

+ in effect, then backslashes are not treated specially, and there is no

+ This option displays a summary of the commands accepted by less

+ (the same as the h command). (Depending on how your shell in‐

+ terprets the question mark, it may be necessary to quote the

+ By default, forward searches start at the top of the displayed

+ screen and backwards searches start at the bottom of the dis‐

+ played screen (except for repeated searches invoked by the n or

+ N commands, which start after or before the "target" line re‐

+ spectively; see the -j option for more about the target line).

+ The -a option causes forward searches to instead start at the

+ bottom of the screen and backward searches to start at the top

+ auses all forward searches (not just non‐repeated searches) to

+ start just after the target line, and all backward searches to

+ start just before the target line. Thus, forward searches will

+ including the target line). Similarly backwards searches will

+ Specifies the amount of buffer space less will use for each

+ file, in units of kilobytes (1024 bytes). By default 64 KB of

+ buffer space is used for each file (unless the file is a pipe;

+ see the -B option). The -b option specifies instead that n

+ -1, buffer space is unlimited; that is, the entire file can be

+ the pipe, this can cause a large amount of memory to be allo‐

+ cated. The -B option disables this automatic allocation of

+ buffers for pipes, so that only 64 KB (or the amount of space

+ specified by the -b option) is used for the pipe. Warning: use

+ of -B can result in erroneous display, since only the most re‐

+ lier data is lost. Lost characters are displayed as question

+ Causes full screen repaints to be painted from the top line

+ down. By default, full screen repaints are done by scrolling

+ the terminal is dumb; that is, lacks some important capability,

+ -d option does not otherwise change the behavior of less on a

+ Changes the color of different parts of the displayed text. x

+ O OSC 8 hyperlinks.

+

+ T The tilde lines displayed after the end of the file or

+ 1-5 The text in a search result which matches the first

+ The uppercase letters and digits can be used only when the

+ --use-color option is enabled. When text color is specified by

+ both an uppercase letter and a lowercase letter, the uppercase

+ letter takes precedence. For example, error messages are nor‐

+ mally displayed as standout text. So if both "s" and "E" are

+ given a color, the "E" color applies to error messages, and the

+ refer to bold and underline text formed by overstriking with

+ backspaces (see the -U option) and to non‐content text (such as

+ line numbers and prompts), but not to text formatted using ANSI

+ escape sequences with the -R option (but see the note below for

+ A lowercase letter may be followed by a + to indicate that the

+ normal format change and the specified color should both be

+ out underlining; the green color has replaced the usual under‐

+ line formatting. But -Du+g displays underlined text as both

+ A 4‐bit color string is one or two characters, where the first

+ character specifies the foreground color and the second speci‐

+ The corresponding uppercase letter denotes a brighter shade of

+ the color. For example, -DNGk displays line numbers as bright

+ green text on a black background, and -DEbR displays error mes‐

+ sages as blue text on a bright red background. If either char‐

+ acter is a "-" or is omitted, the corresponding color is set to

+ An 8‐bit color string is one or two decimal integers separated

+ and the second specifies the background color. Each integer is

+ a value between 0 and 255 inclusive which selects a "CSI 38;5"

+ color value (an SGR escape sequence ⟨https://en.wikipedia.org/

+ wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR⟩). If either integer is a "-" or is

+ omitted, the corresponding color is set to that of normal text.

+ A 4‐bit or 8‐bit color string may be followed by one or more of

+ the following characters to set text attributes in addition to

+ On MS‐DOS and Windows, the --color option behaves differently

+ • Lowercase color selector letters refer to text formatted

+ by ANSI escape sequences with -R, in addition to over‐

+ • For historical reasons, when a lowercase color selector

+ letter is followed by a numeric color value, the number

+ is not interpreted as an "CSI 38;5" color value as de‐

+ scribed above, but instead as a 4‐bit CHAR_INFO.Attrib‐

+ utes ⟨https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/

+ char-info-str⟩ value, between 0 and 15 inclusive.

+ Causes less to open and interpret the named file as a lesskey(5)

+ Causes less to open and interpret the named file as a lesskey(5)

+ lesskey(5) source file. In the text, lesskey lines may be sepa‐

+ (See the GNU global home page ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/

+ global/global.html⟩.) The -t option may also be specified from

+ within less (using the - command) as a way of examining a new

+ file. The command ":t" is equivalent to specifying -t from

+ within less.

+ Causes backspaces and carriage returns to be treated as print‐

+ able characters; that is, they are sent to the terminal when

+ Causes backspaces, tabs, carriage returns and "formatting char‐

+ By default, if neither -u nor -U is given, backspaces which ap‐

+ pear adjacent to an underscore character are treated specially:

+ the underlined text is displayed using the terminal’s hardware

+ underlining capability. Also, backspaces which appear between

+ two identical characters are treated specially: the overstruck

+ text is printed using the terminal’s hardware boldface capabil‐

+ ity. Other backspaces are deleted, along with the preceding

+ Normally, lines after end of file are displayed as a single

+ tilde (~). This option causes lines after end of file to be

+ displayed as blank lines.

+ Normally, the history file is saved only when less exits. This

+ set to C. If C is 0, header columns are disabled. If C is

+ empty or missing, the number of header columns is unchanged.

+ The first header line is set to line number N in the file. If N

+ is empty or missing, it is taken to be the number of the line

+ currently displayed in the first line of the screen (if the

+ --header command has been issued from within less), or 1 (if the

+ regardless of what part of the file is being viewed. When

+ header lines are displayed, any file contents before the header

+ line cannot be viewed. When C is nonzero, the first C charac‐

+ ters displayed at the beginning of each line are replaced with

+ the first C characters of the line, even if the rest of the line

+ is scrolled horizontally.

+ While the --header option is active, lines longer than the

+ the --status-line option is in effect, the entire line (the

+ width of the screen) is highlighted. Otherwise, only the text

+ in the line is highlighted, unless the -J option is in effect,

+ Subsequent search commands will be "incremental"; that is, less

+ will advance to the next line containing the search pattern as

+ Use the character c instead of ^X to interrupt a read when the

+ "Waiting for data" message is displayed. c must be an ASCII

+ character; that is, one with a value between 1 and 127 inclu‐

+ sive. A caret followed by a single character can be used to

+ Sets the minimum width of the line number field when the -N op‐

+ When -S is in effect, if a search match is not visible because

+ it is shifted to the left or right of the currently visible

+ screen, the text will horizontally shift to ensure that the

+ search match is visible. This option selects the column in

+ Alternately, the number may be specified as a fraction of the

+ width of the screen, starting with a decimal point: .5 is half

+ so on. If the number is specified as a fraction, the actual

+ number of scroll positions is recalculated if the terminal win‐

+ Before displaying a file, less will read the first n lines to

+ try to find a vim‐compatible modeline. If n is zero, less does

+ "vim", "ex", or "less"), followed by a colon, possibly followed

+ by the word "set", and finally followed by zero or more option

+ settings. If the word "set" is used, option settings are sepa‐

+ rated by spaces, and end at the first colon. If the word "set"

+ is not used, option settings may be separated by either spaces

+ or colons. The word "set" is required if the program name is

+ "less" but optional if any of the other three names are used.

+ tab stops are automatically set as if --tabs=n had been given.

+ which was opened using a LESSOPEN preprocessor (see the INPUT

+ Disables sending the keypad initialization and deinitialization

+ This option changes the behavior so that if a search string or

+ file name is typed in, and the same string is already in the

+ before the new one is added. Thus, a given string will appear

+ only once in the history list. Normally, a string may appear

+ Header lines (defined via the --header option) are not assigned

+ text pasted into less is ignored, except that one line of text

+ may be pasted into the command line at the bottom of the screen

+ (search strings, file names, etc). That is, the first newline

+ of text pasted into the command line and any text that follows

+ Searches do not include header lines, but still include header

+ Normally, scrolling commands (other than J, K, ESC‐SPACE and

+ ESC‐b) stop scrolling when end‐of‐file is reached scrolling for‐

+ ward, or beginning‐of‐file is reached scrolling backward. This

+ option makes all scrolling commands continue past end‐of‐file or

+ beginning‐of‐file.

+ If set, backspaces are handled as if neither the -u option nor

+ derscore causes text to be displayed in underline mode, and a

+ backspace between identical characters cause text to be dis‐

+ played in boldface mode. This option overrides the -u and -U

+ options, so that display of backspaces can be controlled sepa‐

+ If set, backspaces are handled as if the -U option were set;

+ nor the -U option were set. That is, a carriage return immedi‐

+ and -U options, so that display of carriage returns can be con‐

+ trolled separate from that of backspaces and tabs. If not set,

+ If set, carriage returns are handled as if the -U option were

+ is, tabs are expanded to spaces. This option overrides the -U

+ option, so that display of tabs can be controlled separate from

+ that of backspaces and carriage returns. If not set, tab dis‐

+ If set, tabs are handled as if the -U option were set; that is

+ an alternate screen, this makes the last screenful of the cur‐

+ Reverses the normal direction of scrolling when mouse scrolling

+ This option changes the character used to mark truncated lines.

+ BINFMT does. If there is no attribute indicator, standout is

+ Save marks in the history file, so marks are retained across

+ Sets default search modifiers. The value is a string of one or

+ has the same effect as typing that control character at the be‐

+ ginning of every search pattern. For example, setting

+ --search-options=W is the same as typing ^W at the beginning of

+ at the beginning of every search pattern. The value "-" dis‐

+ If a line is marked, the entire line (rather than just the sta‐

+ tus column) is highlighted. Also lines highlighted due to the

+ -w or --hilite-target option will have the entire line high‐

+ This option changes the interpretations of options which follow

+ option string is removed and the following character is taken

+ literally. This allows a dollar sign to be included in option

+ Enables colored text in various places. The -D option can be

+ used to change the colors. Colored text works only if the ter‐

+ minal supports ANSI color escape sequences (as defined in

+ ECMA‐48 ⟨https://www.ecma-international.org/

+ publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-48)⟩.

+ lesskey(5) manual page for details about the file format.

+ placed by the filename when the input preprocessor command is invoked.

+ Two consecutive percent signs are replaced with a single percent sign.

+ gram, called the input postprocessor, which may perform any desired

+ clean‐up action (such as deleting the replacement file created by

+ inal filename as entered by the user, and the name of the replacement

+ file. To set up an input postprocessor, set the LESSCLOSE environment

+ variable to a command line which will invoke your input postprocessor.

+ It may include two occurrences of the string "%s"; the first is re‐

+ placed with the original name of the file and the second with the name

+ of the replacement file, which was output by LESSOPEN. Two consecutive

+ percent signs are replaced with a single percent sign.

+ For example, on many Unix systems, these two scripts will allow you to

+ To use these scripts, put them both where they can be executed and set

+ complex LESSOPEN and LESSCLOSE scripts may be written to accept other

+ It is also possible to set up an input preprocessor to pipe the file

+ data directly to less, rather than putting the data into a replacement

+ input pipe. An input pipe, instead of writing the name of a replace‐

+ placement file on its standard output. If the input pipe does not

+ write any characters on its standard output, then there is no replace‐

+ ment file and less uses the original file, as normal. To use an input

+ pipe, make the first character in the LESSOPEN environment variable a

+ vertical bar (|) to signify that the input preprocessor is an input

+ pipe. As with non‐pipe input preprocessors, the command string must

+ contain one occurrence of %s, which is replaced with the filename of

+ For example, on many Unix systems, this script will work like the pre‐

+ terpreted as meaning there is no replacement, and the original file is

+ used. To avoid this, if LESSOPEN starts with two vertical bars, the

+ exit status of the script determines the behavior when the output is

+ empty. If the output is empty and the exit status is zero, the empty

+ output is considered to be replacement text. If the output is empty

+ ibility with previous versions of less, if LESSOPEN starts with only

+ When an input pipe is used, a LESSCLOSE postprocessor can be used, but

+ up. In this case, the replacement file name passed to the LESSCLOSE

+ For compatibility with previous versions of less, the input preproces‐

+ the first character of LESSOPEN is a dash (-), the input preprocessor

+ is used on standard input as well as other files. In this case, the

+ dash is not considered to be part of the preprocessor command. If

+ name consisting of a single dash. Similarly, if the first two charac‐

+ ters of LESSOPEN are vertical bar and dash (|-) or two vertical bars

+ and a dash (||-), the input pipe is used on standard input as well as

+ should not be displayed directly, but are expected to be found

+ should not be displayed directly and are not expected to be

+ A "character set" is a description of which of these categories each

+ ascii BS, TAB, NL, CR, and formfeed are control characters, all chars

+ with values between 32 and 126 are normal, and all others are

+ Selects an ISO 8859 character set. This is the same as ASCII,

+ except characters between 160 and 255 are treated as normal

+ Selects an EBCDIC character set used by OS/390 Unix Services.

+ This is the EBCDIC analogue of latin1. You get similar results

+ utf-8 Selects the UTF‐8 encoding of the ISO 10646 character set.

+ UTF‐8 is special in that it supports multi‐byte characters in

+ the input file. It is the only character set that supports

+ multi‐byte characters.

+ character 0 is binary, 1, 2 and 3 are control, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are bi‐

+ nary, and 8 is normal. All characters after the last are taken to be

+ the same as the last, so characters 9 through 255 would be normal.

+ (This is an example, and does not necessarily represent any real char‐

+ acter set.)

+ This table shows the value of LESSCHARDEF which is equivalent to each

+ If neither LESSCHARSET nor LESSCHARDEF is set, but any of the strings

+ "UTF-8", "UTF8", "utf-8" or "utf8" is found in the LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE or

+ If that string is not found, but your system supports the setlocale(3)

+ interface, less will use setlocale to determine the character set.

+ setlocale is controlled by setting the LANG or LC_CTYPE environment

+ Finally, if the setlocale interface is also not available, the default

+ Control and binary characters are displayed in standout (reverse

+ (e.g. ^A for control‐A). Caret notation is used only if inverting the

+ acter is displayed as a hex number in angle brackets. This format can

+ be changed by setting the LESSBINFMT environment variable. LESSBINFMT

+ "*k" is blinking, "*d" is bold, "*u" is underlined, "*s" is standout,

+ and "*n" is normal. If LESSBINFMT does not begin with a "*", normal

+ attribute is assumed. The remainder of LESSBINFMT is a string which

+ may include one printf‐style escape sequence (a % followed by x, X, o,

+ d, etc.). For example, if LESSBINFMT is "*u[%x]", binary characters

+ are displayed in underlined hexadecimal surrounded by brackets. The

+ default if no LESSBINFMT is specified is "*s<%02X>". Warning: the re‐

+ sult of expanding the character via LESSBINFMT must be less than 31

+ were successfully decoded but are unsuitable for display (e.g., unas‐

+ signed code points). Its default value is "<U+%04lX>". Note that

+ LESSUTFBINFMT and LESSBINFMT share their display attribute setting

+ ("*x") so specifying one will affect both; LESSUTFBINFMT is read after

+ LESSBINFMT so its setting, if any, will have priority. Problematic

+ octets in a UTF‐8 file (octets of a truncated sequence, octets of a

+ complete but non‐shortest form sequence, invalid octets, and stray

+ trailing octets) are displayed individually using LESSBINFMT so as to

+ When the character set is utf-8, in rare cases it may be desirable to

+ example, characters in a Private Use Area are normally treated as bi‐

+ nary characters, but if you are using a custom font with printable

+ characters in that range, it may be desirable to tell less to treat

+ such characters as printable. This can be done by setting the LESSUT‐

+ FCHARDEF environment variable to a comma‐separated list of character

+ type definitions. Each character type definition consists of either

+ one hexadecimal codepoint or a pair of codepoints separated by a dash,

+ followed by a colon and a type character. Each hexadecimal codepoint

+ may optionally be preceded by a "U" or "U+". If a pair of codepoints

+ is given, the type is set for all characters inclusively between the

+ two values. If there are multiple comma‐separated codepoint values,

+ they must be in ascending numerical order. The type character may be

+ one of:

+ %E Replaced by the value of the VISUAL environment variable, or the

+ EDITOR environment variable if VISUAL is not defined. See the

+ usage example at the LESSEDIT feature below.

+ %F Replaced by the last component of the name of the current input

+ %g Replaced by the shell‐escaped name of the current input file.

+ This is useful when the expanded string will be used in a shell

+ %G Replaced by the shell‐escaped last component of the name of the

+ current input file.

+

+ %y Replaced by the shell‐escaped name of the next input file in the

+ list.

+

+ %% Replaced by a single percent sign.

+

+ an "IF": depending on the following character, a condition is evalu‐

+ ated. If the condition is true, any characters following the question

+ Any characters other than the special ones (question mark, colon, pe‐

+ riod, percent, and backslash) become literally part of the prompt. Any

+ lesskey use of lesskey files, including the -k and --lesskey-src op‐

+ tions, and all environment variables whose name begins with

+ "LESSKEY"

+ The LESSSECURE_DISALLOW environment variable can be set to a comma‐sep‐

+ arated list of names of features which are selectively disabled when

+ LESSSECURE is not set.

+

+ Less can also be compiled to be permanently in "secure" mode. In that

+ case, all of the above features are disabled, and the LESSSECURE,

+ LESSSECURE_ALLOW and LESSSECURE_DISALLOW variables are ignored.

+ENVIRONMENT

+ as usual, or in a lesskey(5) file. If environment variables are de‐

+ LESSSECURE_DISALLOW

+ When LESSSECURE is not set, LESSSECURE_DISALLOW can disable in‐

+ dividual features. See discussion under SECURITY.

+

+ precedence over the system’s idea of the screen size, so it can

+ be used to make less use less than the full screen width. If

+ set to a negative number, sets the number of columns used to

+ Sets the number of lines on the screen. Unlike LINES, takes

+ precedence over the system’s idea of the screen size, so it can

+ be used to make less use less than the full screen height. If

+ set to a negative number, sets the number of lines used to this

+ much less than the actual screen height. When set, less re‐

+ Duration (in milliseconds) after starting to read data from the

+ input, after which the "Waiting for data" message will be dis‐

+ LESSMSG

+ When set to the name of a lessmsg file, messages displayed by

+ less are taken from that file. This can be used to translate

+ less messages into another language. See the file lessmsg in

+ the less distribution for more details.

+

+ LESS_SHELL_COPTION

+ Normally when executing a shell command cmd (via !, #, or |, or

+ a LESSOPEN command), if the SHELL environment variable is set,

+ the command is invoked as "$SHELL ‐c cmd". If the

+ LESS_SHELL_COPTION environment variable is set, its value is

+ used instead of "‐c" in that invocation. If LESS_SHELL_COPTION

+ is set to a single dash, less acts as if SHELL were not set, and

+ therefore invokes cmd directly.

+

+ When the -F option is set, less exits automatically if the num‐

+ ber of screen lines used to display the file is less than or

+ equal to the screen height minus the value of the

+ LESS_SHELL_LINES variable. Thus, if you use a shell prompt

+ which occupies more than one screen line, this variable can be

+ set to the number of lines used by your prompt, to ensure that

+ the entire file can be seen when -F is used. If not set,

+ Where "xx" is any two characters, overrides the definition of

+ the termcap "xx" capability for the terminal. No escape se‐

+ Where "xxxx" is any string of characters, overrides the defini‐

+ tion of the terminfo "xxxx" capability for the terminal. You

+ a terminal capability, regardless of whether less is built with

+ Overrides the standard ANSI escape sequence to enable bracketed

+ Overrides the standard ANSI escape sequence to enable mouse re‐

+ Defines an escape sequence to temporarily suspend screen up‐

+ This can be used to avoid screen tearing when the screen is re‐

+ Defines an escape sequence to resume screen updates. This is

+ A space‐separated list of command line options. These options

+ will be ignored (with no error message) if they appear on the

+ ed in LESS_UNSUPPORT can still be changed by the - and -- com‐

+ mands. Each option in LESS_UNSUPPORT is a dash followed by a

+ LINES Sets the number of lines on the screen. Takes precedence over

+ have a windowing system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or WIOCGETD,

+ the window system’s idea of the screen size takes precedence

+ MORE Options which are passed to less automatically when running in

+ PATH User’s search path (used to find a lesskey file on MS‐DOS, Win‐

+ If set to any value, all option arguments on the command line

+ SHELL The shell used to execute the ! command, as well as to expand

+ Possible location of the history file; see the description of

+ Possible location of the history file; see the description of

+ lesskey(5), lessecho(1)

+ less is part of the GNU project and is free software. You can redis‐

+ tribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either (1) the GNU Gen‐

+ eral Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; or

+ of the GNU General Public License along with the source for less; see

+ the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 59

+ Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111‐1307, USA. You should also

+ WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FIT‐

+ NESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for

+ Report bugs at ⟨https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues⟩. For more infor‐

+ mation, see the less home page ⟨https://greenwoodsoftware.com/less⟩.

+less 710 08 Sep 2026 LESS(1)

+.TH LESS 1 "08 Sep 2026" "less 710"

+.\" Define local versions of groff's "an-ext.tmac" macros if needed.

+.ds %% \" empty

+.if \n(.g .ig %%

+.\" Prepare link text for mail/web hyperlinks. `MT` and `UR` call this.

+.de mV

+. ds mU \\$1\"

+..

+.

+.

+.\" Emit hyperlink. The optional argument supplies trailing punctuation

+.\" after link text. `ME` and `UE` call this.

+.de mQ

+. mY

+. nh

+<\\*(mU>\\$1

+. hy \\n(mH

+. rm mU

+..

+.

+.

+.\" Start URL.

+.\" .UR url

+.if !\n(.g-\n(mG \{\

+.de UR

+. mV \\$1

+..

+.\}

+.

+.

+.\" End URL.

+.\" .UE [punctuation]

+.if !\n(.g-\n(mG \{\

+.de UE

+. mQ \\$1

+..

+.\}

+.%%

+.\" DWB 3.3 has a bug when a sixth argument is long and interpolates a

+.\" string. <https://github.com/n-t-roff/DWB3.3/issues/10>

+.RB [ \- [ + ]

+.BR aABcCdeEfFgGiIJKLmMnNqQrRsSuUVwWX\*~ ]

+.IR pattern ]

+.IP "ESC-] or ESC-RIGHTARROW"

+Scroll horizontally right N characters like RIGHTARROW,

+but stop scrolling when the last (rightmost) character on the

+displayed screen becomes visible at the right margin.

+Any shell metacharacters in the filename, such as "*" and "?", are

+expanded by the shell named in the SHELL environment variable.

+(Note that some shells may execute external programs if

+certain metacharacters are used, such as backticks or dollar signs.)

+Followed by one of the command line option letters

+(see \*(lqOPTIONS\*(rq below),

+Like the \- command, but takes a long option name

+(see \*(lqOPTIONS\*(rq below),

+A percent sign (%) in the command is replaced by the name of the

+current file.

+Two consecutive percent signs (%%) are replaced with a single percent sign.

+A pound sign (#) is replaced by the name of the previously examined file.

+Two consecutive pound signs (##) are replaced with a single pound sign.

+<m> represents any mark character.

+<m> may also be "\*^" or "$" to indicate beginning or end of file respectively.

+If <m> is "\&.\&" or newline, the currently displayed screen is piped.

+You can type \*^N in place of <m> in order to enter

+a line number instead of a mark letter.

+If a \*^P (CONTROL-P) is entered at the start of the shell command,

+.IP "|| <\fIm1\fP> <\fIm2\fP> \fIshell-command\fP"

+Like "|", pipes a section of the input file to the given shell command.

+The section of the file to be piped is between the two lines marked

+with <m1> and <m2>, inclusive.

+The line marked by <m1> may be either before or after the line marked by <m2> in the file.

+Either mark may be "\*^" or "$" to indicate beginning or end of file respectively.

+":" or newline indicates the first line displayed on the screen,

+and ";" indicates the last line displayed on the screen.

+You can type \*^N in place of either <m1> or <m2> in order to enter

+a line number instead of a mark letter.

+.PP

+.IP "O"

+OSC 8 hyperlinks.

+a "CSI 38;5" color value

+(an

+.UR https://\*:en\*:.wikipedia\*:.org/\*:wiki/\*:ANSI_escape_code\*:#SGR

+SGR escape sequence

+.UE ).

+.UR https://\*:learn\*:.microsoft\*:.com/\*:en\-us/\*:windows/\

+\*:console/\*:char\-info\-str

+CHAR_INFO.Attributes

+.UE

+value, between 0 and 15 inclusive.

+.BR lesskey (5)

+.BR lesskey (5)

+.BR lesskey (5)

+.RB ( \-\-lesskey ,

+.B \-\-lesskey\-src

+or

+.BR \-\-lesskey\-content ).

+(See the

+.UR http://\*:www\*:.gnu\*:.org/\*:software/\*:global/\*:global\*:.html

+GNU global home page

+.UE .)

+scrolling window to 20 lines.

+If the screen is later resized to 40 lines,

+Normally, lines after end of file are displayed as a single tilde (\*~).

+Normally, the history file is saved only when

+Normally, scrolling commands (other than J, K, ESC-SPACE and ESC-b)

+.UR https://\*:www\*:.ecma\-international\*:.org/\

+\*:publications\-and\-standards/\*:standards/\*:ecma\-48)

+ECMA-48

+.UE .

+.BR lesskey (5)

+Two consecutive percent signs are replaced with a single percent sign.

+Two consecutive percent signs are replaced with a single percent sign.

+This is the EBCDIC analogue of latin1.

+You get similar results

+(e.g.\& \*^A for control-A).

+Caret notation is used only if

+Replaced by the value of the VISUAL environment variable,

+or the EDITOR environment variable if VISUAL is not defined.

+See the usage example at the LESSEDIT feature below.

+.IP "%G"

+Replaced by the shell-escaped last component of the name of the current input file.

+.IP "%y"

+Replaced by the shell-escaped name of the next input file in the list.

+.IP "%%"

+Replaced by a single percent sign.

+use of lesskey files, including the

+.B "\-\-lesskey\-src"

+options, and all environment variables whose name begins with "LESSKEY"

+The LESSSECURE_DISALLOW environment variable can be set to a comma-separated list

+of names of features which are selectively disabled when LESSSECURE is not set.

+.PP

+In that case, all of the above features are disabled,

+and the LESSSECURE, LESSSECURE_ALLOW and LESSSECURE_DISALLOW variables are ignored.

+.SH ENVIRONMENT

+.BR lesskey (5)

+command.

+If not set, global tags are not used.

+.IP LESSSECURE_DISALLOW

+When LESSSECURE is not set, LESSSECURE_DISALLOW can disable individual features.

+See discussion under SECURITY.

+.IP LESSMSG

+When set to the name of a

+.I lessmsg

+file, messages displayed by less are taken from that file.

+This can be used to translate

+.B less

+messages into another language.

+See the file

+.B lessmsg

+in the

+.B less

+distribution for more details.

+.IP LESS_SHELL_COPTION

+Normally when executing a shell command

+.B cmd

+(via \fB!\fP, \fB#\fP, or \fB|\fP, or a LESSOPEN command),

+if the SHELL environment variable is set, the command

+is invoked as "\fB$SHELL -c cmd\fP".

+If the LESS_SHELL_COPTION environment variable is set, its value

+is used instead of "\fB-c\fP" in that invocation.

+If LESS_SHELL_COPTION is set to a single dash,

+.B less

+acts as if SHELL were not set, and therefore invokes

+.B cmd

+directly.

+.BR lesskey (5),

+Report bugs at

+.UR https://\*:github\*:.com/\*:gwsw/\*:less/\*:issues

+.UE .

+For more information, see the

+.UR https://\*:greenwoodsoftware\*:.com/\*:less

+.I less

+home page

+.UE .

+ This manual page was written by Thomas Schoepf ⟨schoepf@debian.org⟩,

+ Report bugs at ⟨https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues⟩.

+less 710 08 Sep 2026 LESSECHO(1)

+.TH LESSECHO 1 "08 Sep 2026" "less 710"

+.\" Define local versions of groff's "an-ext.tmac" macros if needed.

+.ds %% \" empty

+.if \n(.g .ig %%

+.\" Prepare link text for mail/web hyperlinks. `MT` and `UR` call this.

+.de mV

+. ds mU \\$1\"

+..

+.

+.

+.\" Emit hyperlink. The optional argument supplies trailing punctuation

+.\" after link text. `ME` and `UE` call this.

+.de mQ

+. mY

+. nh

+<\\*(mU>\\$1

+. hy \\n(mH

+. rm mU

+..

+.

+.

+.\" Start URL.

+.\" .UR url

+.if !\n(.g-\n(mG \{\

+.de UR

+. mV \\$1

+..

+.\}

+.

+.

+.\" End URL.

+.\" .UE [punctuation]

+.if !\n(.g-\n(mG \{\

+.de UE

+. mQ \\$1

+..

+.\}

+.

+.

+.\" Start email address.

+.\" .MT address

+.if !\n(.g-\n(mG \{\

+.de MT

+. mV \\$1

+..

+.\}

+.

+.

+.\" End email address.

+.\" .ME [punctuation]

+.if !\n(.g-\n(mG \{\

+.de ME

+. mQ \\$1

+..

+.\}

+.%%

+This manual page was written by

+.MT schoepf@debian.org

+Thomas Schoepf

+.ME ,

+.UR https://\*:github\*:.com/\*:gwsw/\*:less/\*:issues

+.UE .

+LESSKEY(5) File Formats Manual LESSKEY(5)

+ ables to be used by subsequent invocations of less(1). The input file

+ consists of one or more sections. Each section starts with a line that

+ identifies the type of section. Possible sections are:

+ Blank lines are ignored. Any text that follows an unescaped hash mark

+ If the command section is the first section in the file, this line may

+ Whitespace is any sequence of one or more spaces and/or tabs. The

+ string is the command key(s) which invoke the action. The string may

+ by a caret to indicate a control key. A backslash followed by one to

+ three octal digits may be used to specify a character by its octal

+ value. A backslash followed by certain characters specifies input

+ \k followed by one or two characters represents the char(s) produced

+ \kb BACKSPACE (may be different than \b)

+ \k^b or \kB ctrl‐BACKSPACE

+ \kd DOWN ARROW

+ \k^d ctrl‐DOWN ARROW

+ \k+d shift‐DOWN ARROW

+ \kD PAGE DOWN

+ \kˆD ctrl‐PAGE DOWN

+ \k+D shift‐PAGE DOWN

+ \ke END

+ \k^e or \kE ctrl‐END

+ \k+e or \kF shift‐END

+ \kh HOME

+ \k^h or \kH ctrl‐HOME

+ \k+h or \kI shift‐HOME

+ \ki INSERT

+ \kl LEFT ARROW

+ \k^l or \kL ctrl‐LEFT ARROW

+ \k+l or \kM shift‐LEFT ARROW

+ \kr RIGHT ARROW

+ \k^r or \kR ctrl‐RIGHT ARROW

+ \k+r or \kS shift‐RIGHT ARROW

+ \kt BACKTAB

+ \ku UP ARROW

+ \k^u ctrl‐UP ARROW

+ \k+u shift‐UP ARROW

+ \kU PAGE UP

+ \kˆU ctrl‐PAGE UP

+ \k+U shift‐PAGE UP

+ \kx DELETE

+ \k^x or \kX ctrl‐DELETE

+ \k+x shift‐DELETE

+ \k1 F1

+ \kp1 lower left key on the numeric keypad

+ \kp2 lower center key on the numeric keypad

+ \kp3 lower right key on the numeric keypad

+ \kp4 center left key on the numeric keypad

+ \kp5 center key on the numeric keypad

+ \kp6 center right key on the numeric keypad

+ \kp7 upper left key on the numeric keypad

+ \kp8 upper center key on the numeric keypad

+ \kp9 upper right key on the numeric keypad

+ \kp0 0 on the numeric keypad

+ \kp* * on the numeric keypad

+ \kp/ / on the numeric keypad

+ \kp- - on the numeric keypad