Collision Simulator

Explore elastic and inelastic collisions. Adjust masses and velocities to observe momentum conservation, energy transfer, and center-of-mass motion.

Collision Parameters

5
5
10
0

Properties

ModeElastic 1D
mโ‚5 kg
mโ‚‚5 kg
vโ‚ before10.0 m/s
vโ‚‚ before0.0 m/s
vโ‚ after--
vโ‚‚ after--
p total (before)--
p total (after)--
KE (before)--
KE (after)--
KE lost--

The Physics Behind It

Collision Formulas

  • Momentum conservation: mโ‚vโ‚ + mโ‚‚vโ‚‚ = mโ‚vโ‚' + mโ‚‚vโ‚‚'
  • Elastic: vโ‚' = ((mโ‚โˆ’mโ‚‚)vโ‚ + 2mโ‚‚vโ‚‚)/(mโ‚+mโ‚‚)
  • Perfectly inelastic: v' = (mโ‚vโ‚ + mโ‚‚vโ‚‚)/(mโ‚+mโ‚‚)
  • Kinetic energy: KE = ยฝmvยฒ

Key Concepts

  • Momentum is always conserved in all collisions (elastic and inelastic) when no external forces act
  • Kinetic energy is conserved only in perfectly elastic collisions
  • Perfectly inelastic collisions lose the maximum possible kinetic energy โ€” the objects stick together
  • Equal-mass elastic collision: the objects exchange velocities completely