Geometric Transformations

Pick a transformation type and adjust the parameters. See the original shape (blue) and its image (orange) with the mapping rule displayed live.

Transform

3.0
2.0

Properties

Transform
Rule
Parameters
Preserves
Isometry

The Math Behind It

Translation & Rotation

  • Translation: (x, y) → (x + tx, y + ty)
  • Every point shifts by the same vector (tx, ty)
  • Preserves shape, size, and orientation
  • Rotation by θ: (x, y) → (x cosθ - y sinθ, x sinθ + y cosθ)
  • Center of rotation is the origin
  • Preserves shape, size, and distances

Reflection & Dilation

  • Reflect across x-axis: (x, y) → (x, -y)
  • Reflect across y-axis: (x, y) → (-x, y)
  • Reflect across y = x: (x, y) → (y, x)
  • Reflections preserve size but reverse orientation
  • Dilation by factor k: (x, y) → (kx, ky)
  • Preserves shape and angles but scales distances by |k|
  • Isometries (distance-preserving): translation, rotation, reflection. Not dilation.