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authorVanilla I. Shu <vanilla@FreeBSD.org>1999-01-30 23:20:34 +0000
committerVanilla I. Shu <vanilla@FreeBSD.org>1999-01-30 23:20:34 +0000
commit80b2078094c8df7aecab0ff52101d8be122e13ee (patch)
tree7f35339abf4f5d529395e744ea039a1525178b04 /zh/FAQ
parent7401d9bca9f9192d7c1ad035ded61e36f83bdb15 (diff)
This is the Chinese FAQ.
Some part have not finish yet.
Notes
svn path=/head/; revision=4154
Diffstat (limited to 'zh/FAQ')
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/FAQ.sgml69
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/Makefile12
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml43
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/admin.sgml810
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/applications.sgml139
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/commercial.sgml99
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/hackers.sgml492
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/hardware.sgml353
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/includes.sgml6
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/install.sgml632
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml89
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/misc.sgml242
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/network.sgml1158
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/preface.sgml549
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/serial.sgml489
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml446
-rw-r--r--zh/FAQ/x.sgml336
17 files changed, 5964 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/FAQ.sgml b/zh/FAQ/FAQ.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5ef21aee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/FAQ.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<!-- $Id: FAQ.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.101 -->
+
+<!DOCTYPE linuxdoc PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD linuxdoc//EN" [
+<!ENTITY % includes SYSTEM "includes.sgml"> %includes;
+<!ENTITY preface SYSTEM "preface.sgml">
+<!ENTITY install SYSTEM "install.sgml">
+<!ENTITY hardware SYSTEM "hardware.sgml">
+<!ENTITY troubleshoot SYSTEM "troubleshoot.sgml">
+<!ENTITY commercial SYSTEM "commercial.sgml">
+<!ENTITY applications SYSTEM "applications.sgml">
+<!ENTITY kernelconfig SYSTEM "kernelconfig.sgml">
+<!ENTITY admin SYSTEM "admin.sgml">
+<!ENTITY x SYSTEM "x.sgml">
+<!ENTITY network SYSTEM "network.sgml">
+<!ENTITY serial SYSTEM "serial.sgml">
+<!ENTITY misc SYSTEM "misc.sgml">
+<!ENTITY hackers SYSTEM "hackers.sgml">
+<!ENTITY acknowledgments SYSTEM "acknowledgments.sgml">
+]>
+
+<article>
+
+ <title>Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 2.X</title>
+ <author>
+ <name>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</name>
+ </author>
+
+ <date>$Date: 1999-01-30 23:20:34 $</date>
+
+ <abstract>
+ This is the FAQ for FreeBSD systems version 2.X All entries are
+ assumed to be relevant to FreeBSD 2.0.5 and later, unless otherwise noted.
+ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
+ If you are interested in helping with this project, send
+ email to the the FreeBSD documentation project mailing list <htmlurl
+ url="mailto:freebsd-doc@freebsd.org" name="<freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG>">.
+ The latest version of this document is always available from the <url
+ url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/" name="FreeBSD World Wide Web server">.
+ It may also be downloaded in <url url="FAQ.latin1" name="plain text">,
+ <url url="FAQ.ps" name="postscript">,
+ <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/docs/FAQ.pdf" name="PDF">
+ or <url url="FAQ-html.tar.gz"
+ name="HTML"> with HTTP or gzip'd from the <url
+ url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/docs" name="FreeBSD FTP server">.
+ You may also want to <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/search/search.html" name="Search the FAQ">.
+
+ </abstract>
+
+ <toc>
+
+&preface;
+&install;
+&hardware;
+&troubleshoot;
+&commercial;
+&applications;
+&kernelconfig;
+&admin;
+&x;
+&network;
+&serial;
+&misc;
+&hackers;
+&acknowledgments;
+
+</article>
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/Makefile b/zh/FAQ/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4df134966d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $Id: Makefile,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $
+
+.NOTPARALLEL:
+
+SGMLOPTS=-links -e big5
+DOC= FAQ
+SRCS= FAQ.sgml acknowledgments.sgml admin.sgml applications.sgml
+SRCS+= commercial.sgml hackers.sgml hardware.sgml install.sgml
+SRCS+= kernelconfig.sgml misc.sgml network.sgml preface.sgml
+SRCS+= serial.sgml troubleshoot.sgml x.sgml
+
+.include <bsd.sgml.mk>
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml b/zh/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..377c4c3f3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<!-- $Id: acknowledgments.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by vanilla@FreeBSD.ORG -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.1 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>�P��<label id="acknowledgments"></heading>
+
+ <p>
+ <verb>
+ ���p�z�b�o�� FAQ �������~���a��, �άO�z�Q�W�[�Ǭƻ�,
+ �мg�ʫH�� <FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG>. �ڭ̫D�`�P�±z����ij,
+ �]���z����ij���o������ܱo��n!
+
+
+ FreeBSD Core Team
+ </verb>
+
+ <descrip>
+ <tag/Jordan Hubbard/
+ ��������s�L�ɪ� FAQ.
+
+ <tag/Doug White/
+ �g�`�b freebsd-questions �W�^�����D
+
+ <tag/Joerg Wunsch/
+ �g�`�b Usenet �W�^�����D
+
+ <tag/Garrett Wollman/
+ Networking and formatting
+
+ <tag/Jim Lowe/
+ Multicast information
+
+ <tag/Peter da Silva/
+ FreeBSD FAQ �o����󪺥��r�W�u
+
+ <tag/The FreeBSD Team/
+ Kvetching, moaning, submitting data
+ </descrip>
+
+ <p>��󨺨Ǵ��g��o�� FAQ �������U, �ӧڭ̨S���쪺�H��, �ڭ̥ѰJ���P�±z!
+ </sect>
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/admin.sgml b/zh/FAQ/admin.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e13f733bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/admin.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,810 @@
+<!-- $Id: admin.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.12 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>�t�κ޲z<label id="admin"></heading>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�t�ΰ_�l�]�w�ɦb���H</heading>
+
+ <p>�q 2.0.5R �� 2.2.1R�A�D�n���]�w�ɬO <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>�C
+ �Ҧ����ﶵ���Q�w�q�b�o���ɡA�Ө�L�� <htmlurl url=
+ "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc" name="/etc/rc">
+ �M <tt>/etc/netstart</tt> �u�O�ޥΥ��C
+
+ <p>�[�� <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> �o���ɨíץ���ȥH�A�X�A���t�ΡC
+ �o���ɥε��Ѷ񺡥H���ܦ�B�ө�m����]�w�C
+
+ <p>�b 2.2.1 �M 3.0 �H��A<tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> ��W���@�ӧ�e
+ ���y�z���ɦW�s <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)" name="rc.conf">
+ �A�åB�y�k�i�Ʀ��u�Ѥ@�Ӧ줸�C<tt>/etc/netstart</tt> ���W��
+ <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> �]���Ҧ����ɮ׳��i�H�� <tt><htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cp" name="cp"> /usr/src/etc/rc*
+ /etc</tt> �ӫ����C
+
+ <p><tt>/etc/rc.local</tt> �X�{�åi�H�ΨӱҰ��B�~�����a�A�ȹ��O
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^inn" name="INN">
+ �άY�ǭӤH�ﶵ�C
+
+ <p><tt>/etc/rc.serial</tt> �ΨӪ�l�ƧǦC��(���O����𪺯S�ʵ��^�C
+
+ <p><tt>/etc/rc.i386</tt> �O Intel �S�����]�w�A���O iBCS2 �����άO PC
+ �t�ΥD���x�]�w�C
+
+ <p>�� 2.1.0R �}�l�A�A�]�i�H�b <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> (��
+ <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>) �̫��w�ؿ��֦�"���a"�_�l�ɡG
+
+ <verb>
+ # Location of local startup files.
+ local_startup=/usr/local/etc/rc.local.d
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�C�ӥH <tt/.sh/ �������ɱN�H�r�����dzQ����C
+
+ <p>���p�A�Q�T�O�Y�Ӱ��涶�ǤS���Q��Ҧ����ɦW�A�A�i�H�ϥΤ@��²��
+ ���[�c�p�U�A�Q�Ψƥ��w�ƨ�C���ɦW�e���Ʀr�ӽT�O���ǡG
+
+ <verb>
+ 10news.sh
+ 15httpd.sh
+ 20ssh.sh
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�i��ݰ_�Ӧ��I��(������ SysV :-)) ���O�����Ѥ@��²��ӳW�ߪ�
+ �[�c�����a�[�J���M�󤣶��s�� <tt>/etc/rc.local</tt> �N�୫�s��
+ �ǡC�\�h�� ports/packages ���] <tt>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</tt> �O
+ ���a�_�l���ؿ��C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڸӦp��²��a�[�J�ϥΪ̡S</heading>
+
+ <p>�ϥ� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?adduser"
+ name="adduser"> ���O�C
+
+ <p>�t�~�]���ӮM��s ``<tt/new-account/'' �� Ollivier Robert �H
+ Perl �g�X�C�i�V <tt>&lt;roberto@FreeBSD.ORG&gt;</tt> �߰ݥ��C
+ �ثe���b�o�i���q�C
+
+ <p>�n�A�������ϥΪ̡A�ϥ� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rmuser" name="rmuser"> ���O�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڸӫ���s�w�Х[�J FreeBSD �t�Τ��S</heading>
+
+ <p>��� <url url="../tutorials/diskformat/" name="www.freebsd.org">
+ ���ϺЮ榡�ƫ��ɤ��C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڦ��@�ӷs���i�����˸m�A�ڸӫ��ϥΡS</heading>
+
+ <p>�i�����˸m�L�׬O ZIP �� EZ(�άƦܬO�n�о��A�p�G�A�n�o�˨ϥ�
+ ��)�A�άO�@�ӷs���w�СA�u�n�O�w�˨åѨt�έ��աA�ӧA���Ϥ��X
+ /�n�Ф�/�Ψ�L�F��i�H���J�A���o�Ǹ˸m���G���O�����\�઺�F
+ ��C
+
+ <p><label id="disklabel">(���`�D�n�� <url
+ url="http://www.vmunix.com/mark/FreeBSD/ZIP-FAQ.html"
+ name="Mark Mayo's ZIP FAQ"> �ޤJ)
+
+ <p>���p�O ZIP �γn�о��A�A�w�g�b�W���� DOS �ɮרt�ΡA�i�H�ϥ�
+ ���o�˪��R�O�G
+
+ <verb>
+ mount -t msdos /dev/fd0c /floppy
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�p�G�u�O�n�о��A���N�o�ˡG
+
+ <verb>
+ mount -t msdos /dev/sd2s4 /zip
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�� ZIP �Ϥ��ӻ��O�ϥΥX�t�w�]�ȡC
+
+ <p>��L�Ϥ��A�� <tt/fdisk/ �� <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> ���
+ �p��t�m�C
+
+ <p>���U�ӳo�ӽd�ҬO ZIP �˦b sd2�A�ĤT�� SCSI �ϺСC
+
+ <p>�����n�о��A�Τ@�ӧA�p�e���L�H���ɨϥΪ��i�����˸m�A��
+ BSD �ɮרt�γe�復�i��O�@�Ӥ���n���D�N�C�A�N�֦����ɦW�䴩
+ �A�ܤ֨⭿�H�W���IJv�W�i�A�󰪪�í�w�סC�����A�A�ݭn���s�s�@
+ DOS �h�����ΰ�/�ɮרt�ΡC�A�i�H�ϥ� <htmlurl url=
+ "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdisk" name="fdisk"> ��
+ <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt>�A�ι�@�ӧA���Q�䴩�h���@�~�t�Ϊ�
+ �p�ϺСA�u�n�⥦��������� FAT ���Ϊ�(slices)�åΥH�U BSD ��
+ �Ϊk�G
+
+ <verb>
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rsd2 count=2
+ disklabel -Brw sd2 auto
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�A�i�H�ϥ� disklabel �� <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> �h�إߦh��
+ BSD ���ΰϡC�L�ê��p�G�A���b�w�о��W�W�[�m���Ŷ�(swap space)��
+ �A�N�ݭn�o�򰵡A���O�b�i�����˸m�p ZIP �W�o�O�L�N�q���C
+
+ <p>�̫�A�إߤ@�ӷs���ɮרt�ΡC�b ZIP �˸m�W�O�ϥξ�ӺϺСG
+
+ <verb>
+ newfs /dev/rsd2c
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�åB�⥦���W(mount)�G
+
+ <verb>
+ mount /dev/sd2c /zip
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fstab"
+ name="/etc/fstab"> �[�W�U���o�@��i��O�@�Ӧn�D�N�A�A�H��N�u
+ �n��"mount /zip" :
+
+ <verb>
+ /dev/sd2c /zip ffs rw,noauto 0 0
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڸӫ�򱾤W���n�� DOS ���ΰϡS</heading>
+
+ <p>���n DOS ���ΰϬO�b�Ҧ��D�n���ΰϤ���Q���A�|�ҡA�p�G�A���@��
+ "E" ���ΰϦb�ĤG�� SCSI �˸m���ĤG�� DOS ���ΰϡA�A�ݭn�b /dev �U
+ �إ� "slice 5" ���S���ɮסA�M�᱾�W /dev/sd1s5�G
+
+ <verb>
+ # cd /dev
+ # ./MAKEDEV sd1s5
+ # mount -t msdos /dev/sd1s5 /dos/e
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڥi�H�b FreeBSD �U���W��L������ɮרt�ζܡS</heading>
+
+ <p><bf/ Digital UNIX/ UFS ����i�H�������b FreeBSD �W�C�q Digital
+ UNIX �M��L�䴩 UFS �榡���t�α��W�ϺФ��ΰ����ӧ�����A�D�n�Ӹ`
+ �O�̿�@�~�t�Ϊ��ϺФ��Ϊk�C
+
+ <p><bf/ Linux/: 2.2 �ΥH�᪺�����䴩 <bf/ext2fs/ ���ΰϡA�Ьd�\
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount_ext2fs"
+ name="mount_ext2fs"> ����h��T�C
+
+ <p>���ѥ���o�ӥD�D����L��T�N�Q�����C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڸӦp��ϥ� NT loader �ӱҰ� FreeBSD�S</heading>
+
+ <p>�̴��M���Q�k�O��A�� native FreeBSD root ���ΰ�
+ ���Ĥ@�Ӻϰϫ����� DOS/NT ���ΰϸ̪��@���ɮפ��C���]
+ �A�R�W���G<tt>c:&bsol;bootsect.bsd</tt>
+ (�� <tt>c:&bsol;bootsect.dos</tt> �·N�Ө�)�A���ۧA�i�H�s��
+ <tt>c:&bsol;boot.ini</tt> �ɮפ��e�p�U�G
+
+ <verb>
+ [boot loader]
+ timeout=30
+ default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
+ [operating systems]
+ multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows NT"
+ C:\BOOTSECT.BSD="FreeBSD"
+ C:\="DOS"
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>���{�ǰ��] DOS�ANT�AFreeBSD�A�Ψ�L�@�~�t�Τw�g�Q�w�˦b
+ <bf/�P�@��/ �ϺЪ��U�ۤ��ΰϡC���Ҥ��ڪ� DOS &amp; NT �O�b�Ĥ@
+ �Ӥ��ΰϦ� FreeBSD �b�ĤG�ӡC�ڤ]�� FreeBSD �w�˦��� native
+ partition �ҰʡA<bf/�Ӥ��O/ �q�ϺЪ� MBR�C
+
+ <p>���W�@�� DOS �榡�ƪ��n�С]���p�A�w�g�ഫ�� NTFS�^�� FAT ���ΰ�
+ �� <tt>/mnt</tt>�G
+
+ <verb>
+ dd if=/dev/rsd0a of=/mnt/bootsect.bsd bs=512 count=1
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>���s�}���i�J DOS �� NT�CNTFS �ϥΪ̧� <tt/bootsect.bsd/ �H��/��
+ <tt/bootsect.lnx/ �q�n�Ы����� <tt/C:&bsol;/�C�ק� <tt/boot.ini/
+ ���ݩ�(�s���\�i)�G
+
+ <verb>
+ attrib -s -r c:\boot.ini
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�s��ñq <tt/boot.ini/ ���d�ҤW�[�J�����A�������ءA�A���ݩʦ^�_
+ �G
+
+ <verb>
+ attrib -r -s c:\boot.ini
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�p�G FreeBSD �O�� MBR �ҰʡA�b�A���s�]�w�q���ӭ�ͤ��ΰϱҰʫ�
+ �� DOS ���� ``<tt/fdisk/'' �R�O�^�_���G
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڸӫ��� LILO �Ұ� FreeBSD �M Linux�S
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�b�P�@�ӺϺо��̦� FreeBSD �M Linux�A�u�n���H LILO ���w
+ �˫��O�A�q�@�ӫD Linux �@�~�t�αҰʡC²�������p�U�G
+
+ <p>�Ұ� Linux�A�æb <tt>/etc/lilo.conf</tt> ���[�J�H�U�X��G
+ <verb>
+ other=/dev/hda2
+ table=/dev/hda
+ label=FreeBSD
+ </verb>
+ �]�W���O���]�A�� FreeBSD slice �b Linux �O <tt>/dev/hda2</tt>�F��
+ �t�X�ۤv���]�w�^�C�M��A�� root ���� <tt>lilo</tt> ���ӴN�����F�C
+
+ <p>���p FreeBSD �b�t�~�@�ӺϺСA�A�����b LILO �ﶵ���[�J
+ ``<tt>loader=/boot/chain.b</tt>''�A�|�ҡG
+ <verb>
+ other=/dev/sdb4
+ table=/dev/sdb
+ loader=/boot/chain.b
+ label=FreeBSD
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�Y�DZ��ΧA�������w BIOS �ϺХN���� FreeBSD �Ұʸ��J�{���H��q��
+ �G�ϺЦ��\���ҰʡC�|�ҡA���p�A�� FreeBSD SCSI �ϺЦb BIOS ������
+ �O BIOS disk 1�A���b FreeBSD �Ұʸ��J�{�������ܸ��X�{�ɧA������
+ �w�G
+ <verb>
+ Boot: 1:sd(0,a)/kernel
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�b FreeBSD 2.2.5 �M���᪺�����A�A�i�H�]�w <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?boot(8)" name="boot(8)">
+ �o�˨C���ҰʮɴN�|�۰����A����C
+
+ <p><htmlurl url="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Linux+FreeBSD.html"
+ name="Linux+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO"> �O FreeBSD �M Linux �@�ξާ@���}�n
+ �ѦҤ��C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ګ��ϥ� BootEasy �ӱҰ� FreeBSD �M Linux�S
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�b�A�� Linux �Ұʤ��ΰϦw�� LILO ���N�D�n�Ұʸ��(Master Boot
+ Record)�C���ۧA�i�H�q BootEasy �Ұ� LILO�C
+
+ <p>���p�A���b���� Windows-95 �M Linux�A�o�O�@�ӫ�ij��k�G�n��²�檺
+ �q Linux �A���Ұʦb��A�O�_���ӭ��s�w�� Windows95�]�o�O�@�ӵ���
+ ���@�~�t�ΡA������������L�@�~�t�Φs�b��D�n�ҰʰO�����^�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �@�өҿ�``�M�I�^�m''���ϺЦ��`�ܡS
+ </heading>
+
+ <p><label id="dedicate">�w�˵{�Ǥ��\�A��ܨ�ؤ��P����k�Ӥ��ΧA��
+ �Ϻо��C���w��k�O�b�P�@�x�����W�M��L�@�~�t�Υi�H�ۮe�A���O
+ �ϥ� fdisk table entries(FreeBSD �̺٤���``slices'')�AFreeBSD
+ �� slice �N�O�ϥξ�Ӧۤv�����ΰϡC�i�ѿ�ܪ��O�A�A�i�H��ܦw��
+ �Ұʿ�ܾ�(boot-selector) �b�Ϻо����ƭӥi��@�~�t�ΤW�Ӧ^�����C
+
+ <p>�{�b�A�o�O�Y�DZ`�����ΡA�H�̥u�� PC ���ϥέI���C��h���Ӵ��ϥ�
+ Unix �S�Q������]�w�u���� FreeBSD ���H�A�j�h�|�ζDz� Unix ����
+ �k���@�ӧ@�~�t�Φ��ھ�ӺϺСA�q�̶}�Y���Ĥ@�ӺϰϨ�̫�@�ӡC
+ �@�ӯu�ꪺ fdisk table �æb�o�ӱ��Τ��èS�����\�ΡA�����W�@��
+ 24 �p�ɡA�C�g�C�ѵL�ɤ���a���b���� FreeBSD�A�ƦܨS���Ұʨ�L�@
+ �~�t�ΡC�]���A�p�G�A�b sysinstall �� fdsik �s�边�̿��
+ ``A)ll FreeBSD''�A�å� ``No'' �^���U�@�Ӱ��D�A�A�N�O�b�o�ؼҦ���
+ �C�ȱo�`�N���O�o�N�� BSD bootstrap �]�ѳo�x�Ϻо��� MBR �Ҳ��͡A
+ �]���S���d�U�Ŷ�����L���O�Ұʺ޲z�����{���C���n�յۥh�w�˥��A��
+ �M�A�|�� BSD bootsrtap ���a�F�C
+
+ <p>�]������s��``�M�I��''�S�@�ӳB��o�ؼҦ����Ϻо����]�t�N�Q��
+ �` PC ���ε{���������Ī� fdisk table�C�̴`���̳Q�]�p���Ҧ��A�u
+ �n���̦b�o�ˤ@�ӺϺо����@���QIJ�Υi��N�|���Ϳ��~�����ܡA�Χ�
+ �V�|���A�i�ॼ�g���ܩγq���A�N�� FreeBSD bootstrap ���a�C�@�Ǧb
+ PC �W�s�x�ϥΪ��@�~�t�δN���o�� ``�ϥΪ̤��͵���'' ���s�b(���M
+ �A���̺٤���``�ϥΪ̪��͵���'')�C�ܤ֤w���b HP Netservers �W��
+ Award BIOS(���ä��O�ߤ@���S��)�N�O�|�������󥦻{���S������
+ fdisk �C�����w�СC�o�ɭP���ҰʮɡA²���������L�o�ˤ@�ӺϺи˸m�A
+ ������n�о��A�M��u�O��A�R��``Ū�����~''���T���C�����H�L�H�`
+ ��a�S�γ\�L�̤]�s�o��``�ϥΪ̤͵���''�A�֪��D�S
+
+ <p>�o�ؼҦ����n�B�O�GFreeBSD �֦���ӺϺСA���ݭn�]�� 1980 �~�N
+ ²�������μҦ��j���@�ǤH�y�Ӳ{�b�ݰ_�ӵL�N�q������b�o�Ǥ��θ�
+ ���Q�����A���O�n�X�ӵ�����``�ϭy''�C�o�ǭ���ɱ`�ɭP�i���ܦ�
+ PC �� OS �w�˹L�{���̤j���Y�h�A�X��ǿ��~���f�t�o��Ӯt������
+ �׵��G�A�O�b fdisk �C�����x�s���θ�T�ɹL�Ѫ���k�C�Ьd�\
+ <ref id="missing_os" name="Missing Operating System">�C
+ �b``�����^�m''���Ҧ��U�ABSD bootstrap �q�ϰ� 0 �}�l�A�o�O�ߤ@
+ ���ഫ�P�@�� C/H/S �Ȫ��ϰϡA���ާA�� BIOS �p��``�ഫ''�A����
+ �СC�]���A�A�]�i�H�b�t��/��������H�@�ؤ��P���ഫ�[�c�m����
+ �СA�Ӥ����Ӿᥢ�ѫ�Ϻо��A�]���|�Ұʪ����I�C
+
+ <p>�n��``�M�I�^�m''���ϺЦ^�_�쥿�` PC �ϥΡA�򥻤W����ӿ�ܡC
+ �Ĥ@�ӬO�A�⨬���� NULL �줸�ռg�J MBR �T�O�����H�᪺�w�˵{
+ ���۫H�o�u�O�@�Ӫťժ��ϺСC�|�Ҩӻ��A�i�H�o�˰��G
+
+ <verb>
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rsd0 count=15
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�άO�ĥΥt�~�@�ӡA�D������ DOS ``�S��''�G
+
+ <verb>
+ fdisk /mbr
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�N�|�w�ˤ@�ӥ��s���D�n�ҰʰO���A�]���|�}�a BSD bootstrap�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڦp���[�J��h���m���Ŷ��S</heading>
+
+ <p>�̦n����k�O�W�[�A�m�����ΰϪ��j�p�A�ΧQ�γo�Ӥ�K�z�Ѫ��n�B�h
+ �W�[�t�@�ӵw�СC
+
+ <p>�b�������ϺФW�W�[�m���Ŷ��|���¦a�b�P�@�ӺϺХ[�J�m���Ŷ�
+ ���IJv�Ӫ��֤@�I�C�|�@�ӨҤl�ӻ��A�p�G�A���b�@�ӺϺи̽sĶ��
+ ���{���A�Ӹm���Ŷ��b�t�@�ӺϺСA�o�|��m���Ŷ���sĶ�{�����b
+ �P�@�ӺϺЮɨӱo�֡C�o�� SCSI �Ϻо��S�O���T�C
+
+ <p>IDE �ϺШä����\�P�ɦb�P�@�q�D�z�s����Ӹ˸m�]FreeBSD ���䴩
+ mode 4�A�]���Ҧ��� IDE �Ϻ� I/O �O``�i�{���ƪ�''�^�C�M�ӧڤ�
+ �|��ij�A��m���Ŷ���b���O���ϺСC�Ϻо��o��K�y�A��b�S����
+ �n��ߪ��C
+
+ <p>��A���m���ɩ�b NFS ��b�O�@�ӫ��ꪺ�D�N�A���D�A���b�@�ӫD�`
+ �ֳt���������ҤU����A�٭n���@�ӫܦn�����A���C
+
+ <p>�o�̦��ӽd�ҬO�� 64MB vn-swap (<tt>/usr/swap0</tt>�A���M�A���
+ ����A�Q���W�r�^�C
+
+ <p>�T�w�A���֤ߵ{���إ߮ɦ��]�t�H�U�o��G
+
+ <verb>
+ pseudo-device vn 1 #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device)
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�b�A���]�w�ɤ��CGENERIC �o�Ӯ֤ߤw�g�]�t�o���F�C
+
+ <enum>
+ <item>�إߤ@�� vn-device
+
+ <verb>
+ cd /dev
+ sh ./MAKEDEV vn0
+ </verb>
+
+ <item>�إߤ@�Ӹm���� (<tt>/usr/swap0</tt>)
+
+ <verb>
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1024k count=64
+ </verb>
+
+ <item>�b <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> ���Ұʸm����
+
+ <verb>
+ swapfile="/usr/swap0" # Set to name of swapfile if aux swapfile desired.
+ </verb>
+
+ <item>���s�}���C
+ </enum>
+
+ <p>�n���W�Ұʸm���ɡA��J�G
+
+ <verb>
+ vnconfig -ce /dev/vn0c /usr/swap0 swap
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڤ��|�]�w�ڪ��L�����C</heading>
+
+ <p>�аѾ\ Handbook �̦����C�L�������C�o���ӯ�ѨM�A�j���������D�A�Ь�
+ <url url="../handbook/printing.html" name="Handbook entry on printing.">
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڨt�ΤW����L�t�m���F�C</heading>
+
+ <p>kbdcontrol �{�����@�ӿﶵ�i�HŪ����L�t�m�ɮסC�b
+ <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</tt> ���@�ǰt�m�ɡC��ܤ@�Ӹ�A��
+ �������������C
+
+ <verb>
+ kbdcontrol -l uk.iso
+ </verb>
+
+ <p> <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</tt> �M <tt/.kbd/ ���i����ӳ���
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?kbdcontrol"
+ name="kbdcontrol"> ���_�w�C
+
+ <p>�i�H�q <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> (�� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)" name="rc.conf">)
+ �ӳ]�w�A�Ьݦ��ɸ̾A�X�����ѡC
+
+ <p>�b 2.0.5R �Ψ䤧�᪺�����A�Ҧ����r�r���A��L�����������]�w���b
+ <tt>/usr/share/examples/syscons</tt>�C
+
+ <p>�H�U�O�ثe�䴩�������]�w�G
+
+ <itemize>
+ <!-- generate by `kbdmap -p' -->
+ <item>Belgian ISO-8859-1
+ <item>Brazilian 275 keyboard Codepage 850
+ <item>Brazilian 275 keyboard ISO-8859-1
+ <item>Danish Codepage 865
+ <item>Danish ISO-8859-1
+ <item>French ISO-8859-1
+ <item>German Codepage 850
+ <item>German ISO-8859-1
+ <item>Italian ISO-8859-1
+ <item>Japanese 106
+ <item>Japanese 106x
+ <item>Latin American
+ <item>Norwegian ISO-8859-1
+ <item>Polish ISO-8859-2 (programmer's)
+ <item>Russian Codepage 866 (alternative)
+ <item>Russian koi8-r (shift)
+ <item>Russian koi8-r
+ <item>Spanish ISO-8859-1
+ <item>Swedish Codepage 850
+ <item>Swedish ISO-8859-1
+ <item>Swiss-German ISO-8859-1
+ <item>United Kingdom Codepage 850
+ <item>United Kingdom ISO-8859-1
+ <item>United States of America ISO-8859-1
+ <item>United States of America dvorak
+ <item>United States of America dvorakx
+ </itemize>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڵL�k�� user quotas ���`�u�@�C</heading>
+
+ <p>
+ <enum>
+ <item>���n�b '/' ���} quotas�A
+
+ <item>�� quotas �ɩ�b�������j���m�J���ɮרt�Τ��A�|�ҡG
+
+ <verb>
+ FS QUOTA FILE
+ /usr /usr/admin/quotas
+ /home /home/admin/quotas
+ ...
+ </verb>
+ </enum>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڪ� ccd ���󤣧��S</heading>
+
+ <p>�o�ر��Ϊ��x���O�G
+
+ <verb>
+ # ccdconfig -C
+ ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format
+ #
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�q�`�o�|�o�ͦb�A���խn�s�� `c' ���ΰϡA�o���w�����O�O ``�L�k�ϥΪ�''
+ �Cccd �Ϻлݭn����¦���ΰϫ��O�� FS_BSDFFS�A�s��A�n�յ۳s�����Ϻ�
+ �аO�ç����ΰϪ����O��`4.2BSD'�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>����ڤ���s��� ccd ���ϺмаO�S</heading>
+
+ <p>�o�ر��Ϊ��x���O�G
+
+ <verb>
+ # disklabel ccd0
+ (�o�̦L�X�Y�ǩ��㪺��ơA�ҥH�յ۽s�襦�^
+ # disklabel -e ccd0
+ (�s��A�x�s�A�M�����})
+ disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk;
+ use "disklabel -r" to install initial label
+ #
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�O�]���� ccd �Ǧ^���ϺмаO�ƹ�W�O�@��``����''�ӨS���u���b�Ϻ�
+ �W�C�A�i�H�⥦�����g�J�ӸѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A���o�ˡG
+
+ <verb>
+ # disklabel ccd0 > /tmp/disklabel.tmp
+ # disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp
+ # disklabel -e ccd0
+ (this will work now)
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 System V IPC �榡���O���H</heading>
+
+ <p>�O���AFreeBSD �䴩 System V-�榡 IPC�C�o�]�A�@�ɰO����A�T����
+ �H���C�A�ݭn�b�A���֤߳]�w�ɤ��[�J�U�C�X��H�Ұʥ��̡C
+
+ <verb>
+ options SYSVSHM
+ options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory
+ options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores
+ options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>���s�sĶ�æw�ˡC
+
+ <p><bf/�`�N�G/ �p�G�A�n���� GIMP �A�i��ݭn�W�[ SHMMAXPKGS ��Y�ǯ�
+ �ժ��ƥع��O 4096(16M!)�A256Kb �� X11R6 �@�ɰO����ӻ��w�g�R����
+ ���F�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڸӦp��ϥ� sendmail �z�L UUCP �ӻ��e�l��H<label id="uucpmail">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>���H FreeBSD �M�˦ӨӪ� sendmail �]�w�O�A�X���Ǫ����s�W���ں���
+ �������x�C���ǷQ�z�L UUCP �洫���̶l�󪺯��x�����t�~�w�� sendmil
+ ���]�w�ɮסC
+
+ <p>��ʭק� <tt>/etc/sendmail.cf</tt> �O���沈�n���C�� 8 ����
+ sendmail ���Ѥ@�ӥ��s���J�f�H�z�L�@�ǹ� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?m4" name="m4"> ���B�z�N��
+ ���ͳ]�w�ɡA�o�ƹ�W�O�@�Ӱ��h�������Ū��ޥ��ʳ]�w�C�A���ӥi�H�b�H
+ �U�ɮ׸̨ϥΥ��G
+
+ <verb>
+ /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>���p�A���O�Χ��㪺�ӷ��{���w�˨t�ΡA���� sendmail �]�w���إi��w
+ �g�������n�X�Өӷ������ɦb���ۧA�A���]�A�w�g���W���о��A���H�U�ʧ@�G
+
+ <verb>
+ cd /usr/src
+ tar -xvzf /cdrom/dists/src/ssmailcf.aa
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�O��W�A�o�u���ƤQ�U�Ӧ줸�ժ��j�p�C�b <tt>cf</tt> �ؿ��̪�
+ <tt>README</tt> �i�H���Ѥ@�� m4 �]�w�k���򥻤��СC
+
+ <p>�H UUCP ���e�ӻ��A��ij�A�̦n�ϥ� <em>mailertable</em> �S�I�C
+ �غc�@�Ӹ�Ʈw�� sendmail �i�H�ϥΥ��ۤv�����|�M���C
+
+ <p>�����A�A�����إߦۤv�� <tt>.mc</tt> �ɡC
+ <tt>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</tt> �ؿ��O�o���ɮת��a�C
+ �����A�w�g���n�X�ӽd���ɡA���]�A�w�g�R�W�ۤv���ɥs
+ <tt>foo.mc</tt>�A�A�n�����u�O�⥦�ഫ���@�Ӧ��Ī�
+ <tt>sendmail.cf</tt> �G
+
+ <verb>
+ cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf
+ make foo.cf
+ cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�@�Ө嫬�� <tt>.mc</tt> �ɬݰ_�ӥi�๳�o�ˡG
+
+ <verb>
+ include(`../m4/cf.m4')
+ VERSIONID(`Your version number')
+ OSTYPE(bsd4.4)
+
+ FEATURE(nodns)
+ FEATURE(nocanonify)
+ FEATURE(mailertable)
+
+ define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay)
+ define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000)
+
+ MAILER(local)
+ MAILER(smtp)
+ MAILER(uucp)
+
+ Cw your.alias.host.name
+ Cw youruucpnodename.UUCP
+ </verb>
+
+ <p> <em>nodns</em> �M <em>nocanonify</em> �S�ʱN�קK����b���e�l��
+ �ɷ|�Ψ� DNS �����|�C<em>UUCP_RELAY</em> ���ت��X�{�z�ѫܩ_�ǡA
+ �N���n����F�C²�檺��J�@�Ӻ��ں����W�i�H�B�z .UUCP ���������}
+ ���D���W�١F�q�`�A�A�u�ݭn�b�o�̶�J�A ISP ���H��^�гB
+ (mail replay)�C
+
+ <p>�A�w�g����o�̤F�A�A�ٻݭn�o�ӥs <tt>/etc/mailertable</tt> ���ɮ�
+ �C�@�Ө嫬���d�Ҧp�U�G
+
+ <verb>
+ #
+ # makemap hash /etc/mailertable.db < /etc/mailertable
+ #
+ horus.interface-business.de uucp-dom:horus
+ .interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus
+ interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus
+ .heep.sax.de smtp8:%1
+ horus.UUCP uucp-dom:horus
+ if-bus.UUCP uucp-dom:if-bus
+ . uucp-dom:sax
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�p�A�Ҩ��A�o�O�Y�Ӭ��ͥ��ɮ׸̪��@�����C���T��B�z����w�}�H��
+ �����ӳQ�e�X�줺�w���|�A�ӥѬY�� UUCP �F�~(UUCP neighbor)���N�A
+ �o�O���F``�Y�u''���e�����|�C�U�@��B�z�쥻�a�A�Ӻ������쪺�H��
+ �����i�H�ϥ� SMTP�C�̫�AUUCP �F�~���� .UUCP �������쪺�O���A
+ ���\�@��``uucp-neighbor!recipient''��½���w�W�h�C�̫�@��h�H�@
+ �ӳ�W���y�I�������A�H UUCP ���e�촣�ѷ��A���@�ɩʶl��h����
+ UUCP �F�~�C�Ҧ��b <tt>uucp-dom:</tt> ����r�̪��`�I�W�٥������O
+ ���� UUCP �F�~�A�A�i�H�� <tt>uuname</tt> �R�O�h�T�{�C
+
+ <p>�����A�o���ɮצb�ϥΫe�����Q�ഫ�� DBM ��Ʈw�ɮסA�̦n�b
+ mailertable �̤W���ε��Ѽg�X�R�O�C�ӧ����o�Ӥu�@�C���A�C���󴫧A
+ �� mailertable ��A�`�O�ݭn����o�өR�O�C
+
+ <p>�̫ᴣ�ܡG�p�G�A���T�w�Y�ǯS�w���H����|�i�ΡA�O�o�� <tt>-bt</tt>
+ �ﶵ�[�� sendmail�C�o�|�N sendmail �Ұʦb <em>address test mode</em>
+ �F�u�n���U ``0''�A���ۿ�J�A�Ʊ���ժ��H����|��}�C�̫�@��i�D�A��
+ �Τ������H��N�z�{���A�N�z�{�����|�q���ت��D���A�H��(�i���ഫ��)��}
+ �C�n���}���Ҧ��Ы� Control-D�C
+
+ <verb>
+ j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt
+ ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked)
+ Enter <ruleset> <address>
+ > 0 foo@interface-business.de
+ rewrite: ruleset 0 input: foo @ interface-business . de
+ ...
+ rewrite: ruleset 0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \
+ < @ interface-business . de >
+ > ^D
+ j@uriah 192%
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ ���ڥμ����s�W�����ɸӫ��]�w�H�󻼰e�H<label id="ispmail">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�w�g���@�өT�w�� IP �Ʀr�A�A���ݭn�վ���󤺩w�ȡC�]�n
+ �A�n���w�������W�١A��L�� sendmail ���|���A�����C
+
+ <p>�p�G�A���쪺�O�ʺA�t�m�� IP �Ʀr�Өϥμ��� <bf/ppp/ �s�����
+ �ں����A�A�i��w�g�b�A�� ISP �H��D���W���@�ӫH�c�C���]�A��
+ ISP ����O <tt/myISP.com/�A�A���ϥΪ̦W�٬O <tt/user/�C�簲
+ �]�A�٦ۤv���D���W�٬O <tt/bsd.home/ �ӧA�� ISP �i�D�A�i�H�ϥ�
+ <tt/relay.myISP.com/ ���@�H��^�гB�C
+
+ <p>���F�q�A���H�c�����H��A�A�N�ݭn�w�˨��H�{���H�K�q�H�c���^�H��C
+ <bf/Fetchmail/ �O�@�Ӥ�������ܦ]�����䴩�\�h���P���q�T��w�A�q�`
+ �A�� ISP �|���� POP3�C�p�G�A��ܨϥ� user-ppp�A�A�i�H�b�s�u�����
+ ���\��۰ʧ���A���H��A�u�n�b <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> �̭�
+ �]�w�H�U�X���G
+
+ <verb>
+ MYADDR:
+ !bg su user -c fetchmail
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�ڰ��]�A�b <tt/bsd.home/ �����W���@�� <tt/user/ ���b���C�b
+ <tt/bsd.home/ �����W <tt/user/ ���a�ؿ��̫إߤ@�� <tt/.fetchmailrc/
+ ���ɮסG
+
+ <verb>
+ poll myISP.com protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret;
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�L���ب��A�o���ɰ��F <tt/user/ �~�����ӳQ����HŪ���A�]�����]�t
+ �F <tt/MySecret/ �o�ӱK�X�C
+
+ <p>���F�b�H�H�ɦ����T�����Y <bf/from:/ �A�A�����i�D sendmail �ϥ�
+ <tt/user@myISP.com/ �ӫD <tt/user@bsd.home/�C�A�i��|�Ʊ�i�D
+ sendmail �q <tt/relay.myISP.com/ �e�X�Ҧ��H��A�[�֫H��ǰe�C
+
+ <p>�H�U�� <tt/.mc/ �����ມ���A���n�D�G
+
+ <verb>
+ VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')
+ OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl
+ FEATURE(nouucp)dnl
+ MAILER(local)dnl
+ MAILER(smtp)dnl
+ Cwlocalhost
+ Cwbsd.home
+ MASQUERADE_AS(`myISP.com')dnl
+ FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl
+ FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
+ FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl
+ FEATURE(nodns)dnl
+ define(SMART_HOST, `relay.myISP.com')
+ Dmbsd.home
+ define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl
+ define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�p�G�ഫ�o�� <tt/.mc/ �ɮר� <tt/sendmail.cf/ �ɪ��ԲӲӸ`��
+ �ѦҤW�@�`�C�t�~�A�b��s sendmail.cf �H�ᤣ�n�ѰO���s�Ұ�
+ sendmail�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�x�I�ڧѰO root ���K�X�F�I</heading>
+
+ <p>���n��W�I�u�n���s�Ұʨt�ΡA�b boot: ���ܸ��� -s �i�J��ϥΪ̼Ҧ��C
+ �b�ݭn�ϥέ��� shell �ɡA���U ENTER�C�A�|�ݨ�@�� # �����ܸ��A��J
+ <tt>mount -u /</tt> �H���s�[�]�A�����ɮרt�Υi��Ū/�g�C����
+ <tt/passwd root/ �H�� root �K�X�A�M����� <tt/exit/ �~��ҰʡC
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڸӫ��O�d�� Control-Alt-Delete ���୫�s�Ұʨt�ΡH
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�ק�A���b�ϥΪ��D���x��L�����A�åB��Ҧ� <tt/boot/ ������r��
+ <tt/nop/ ���N�C���w����L�����O�b
+ <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd</tt>�C�A�i��ݭn���ժ�
+ �h�J <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> �hŪ���o����L�����H�T�O��ʥͮġC��
+ �M�p�G�A���b�ξA�X�A���y����L�����A�A���ӽs�診�@�ӡC
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڸӫ��� DOS ��r�ɮ׭��s�榡�Ʀ� UNIX ���H</heading>
+
+ <p>²��a�ϥγo�� perl �R�O�G
+
+<verb>
+perl -i.bak -pe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ...
+</verb>
+
+ <p>file �N�O�n�B�z���ɮסC�o�ӭק�O�b���������A��l���ɮ׷|�x�s��
+ ���ɦW�� .bak ���ɮסC
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڸӫ��ΦW�٬屼 process�H</heading>
+
+ <p>�ϥ� <url url="/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/man.cgi?killall" name="killall(1)">�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>����b root �� ACL �� su �n�������D�H
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�o�ӿ��~�O�]�� Kerberos �����{�Ҩt�ΡC�o�Ӱ��D�ä��O���Y�����O�O�H
+ ���СC�A�i�H�� -K �ﶵ�h���� su�A�άO���U�Ӱ��D�Ҵy�z������
+ Kerberos�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڸӫ�򲾰� Kerberos�H</handing>
+
+ <p>�n�q�t�θ̲��� Kerberos�A���˧A���b���檺 release ������ bin ����
+ �C�p�G�A�� CDROM�A�A�i�H���W cd(���]�b /cdrom)��G
+
+<verb>
+cd /cdrom/bin
+./install.sh
+</verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڸӫ��W�[�t�Ϊ������׺ݾ��H</heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A���\�h telnet�Assh�AX �άO screen �ϥΪ̡A�A�γ\�|�Χ�����
+ �׺ݾ��A�o��ЧA���[��h�G
+
+ <enum>
+ <item>�إߨæw�ˤ@�ӷs���֤ߵ{���åB�[�J�o���]�w�ɡG
+
+ <verb>
+ pseudo-device pty 256
+ </verb>
+
+ <item>����o�өR�O�G
+
+ <verb>
+ # cd /dev
+ # ./MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�|�y�X 256 �ӵ����׺ݾ����˸m�`�I�C
+
+ <item>�s�� <tt>/etc/ttys</tt> �å[�J�ŦX 256 �Ӳ׺ݾ�����ơC������
+ �ӲŦX�w�g�s�b�涵���榡�A�|�Ҩӻ��A���̬ݰ_�ӹ��G
+
+ <verb>
+ ttyqc none network
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�r���]�p�����ǬO <tt>tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]</tt>�A�ϥΥ��W���ܦ��C
+
+ <item>�ηs���֤ߵ{�����s�Ұʹq���N�i�H�F�C
+ </enum>
+
+
+ </sect>
+
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/applications.sgml b/zh/FAQ/applications.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b4be6dbbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/applications.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+<!-- $Id: applications.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by freebsd@FreeBSD.ORG -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.18 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>User Applications<label id="applications"></heading>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>��. �ڭn�b�����ڭn���{����?</heading>
+
+ <p>�Ьݬ� <url url="../ports/" name="the ports page"> �a.
+ �o�䦳���w�g port �� FreeBSD ���n��C��. �ثe���W�L 1800 �ӳn��w�g�Q
+ port �� FreeBSD �W, �åB�C�ѳ��b�W�[��. �ҥH���ŴN�h�ݬݳo���C��,
+ ���M�A�]�i�H�q�\ <tt/freebsd-announce/
+ <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> �o�� mailing list, �|���H�N
+ �C�ӬP���̷s���n��C���K�b�W��.
+
+ <p>�j������ ports ���ӳ��i�H�b 2.2, 3.0 �� 4.0 ���t�ΤW�ϥ�,
+ �åB�٦������� ports �i�H�b 2.1.x ���t�ΤW�B�@.
+ �C���� FreeBSD release ��, ���|���@�� ports tree �Q��b�o�@��
+ release cd �̭��� <tt>ports/</tt> �ؿ���.
+
+ <p>We also support the concept of a ``package'', essentially no
+ more than a gzipped binary distribution with a little extra
+ intelligence embedded in it for doing whatever custom installation
+ work is required. A package can be installed and uninstalled
+ again easily without having to know the gory details of which
+ files it includes.
+
+ <p>Use the package installation menu in <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt>
+ (under the post-configuration menu item) or invoke the
+ <em>pkg_add(1)</em> command on the specific package files you're
+ interested in installing. Package files can usually be identified by
+ their <em>.tgz</em> suffix and CDROM distribution people will have
+ a <tt>packages/All</tt> directory on their CD which contains such
+ files. They can also be downloaded over the net for various versions
+ of FreeBSD at the following locations:
+
+ <descrip>
+ <tag>for 2.2.7-release/2.2-stable</tag>
+ <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-2.2.7/"
+ name="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-2.2.7/">
+
+ <tag>for 3.0-current</tag>
+ <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-3.0/"
+ name="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-3.0/">
+ </descrip>
+
+ <p>or your nearest local mirror site.
+
+ <p>Note that all ports may not be available as packages since
+ new ones are constantly being added. It is always a good
+ idea to check back periodically to see which packages are available
+ at the <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/"
+ name="ftp.freebsd.org"> master site.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڥi�H�b������ libc.so.3.0?</heading>
+
+ <p>�A�i��b�@�x 2.1.x �������W, �]�۵� 2.2/3.0 ���n��.
+ �ЦA���W���@�ӳ��`��, ���T�����o���A�����Ϊ� port/package.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ ghostscript �b�ڪ� 386/486SX �W���I���D��.<label id="emul">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�A�S���B�I�B�⾹, ��a?.
+ �A�����b�A�� kernel ���[�J�ƾǹB�������, �A�i�H��ۤU�����B�J��,
+ �æb���L�A�� kernel �]�w�ɫ�, ���s�sĶ�L�@��.
+
+ <verb>
+ options GPL_MATH_EMULATE
+ </verb>
+
+ <p><bf/NOTE/ ���A�[�J�W�@�檺�P��, �A�����N <tt/MATH&lowbar;EMULATE/
+ ������.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ ���ڰ��� SCO/iBCS2 ���{����, �����b <tt/socksys/.
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�A�������ק� <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>
+ (or <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)"
+ name="/etc/rc.conf">) �o�ɮ׳̫�@�ӳ��`, �N�U�������쪺�ܼ�
+ �]�� <tt/YES/:
+
+ <verb>
+ # Set to YES if you want ibcs2 (SCO) emulation loaded at startup
+ ibcs2=NO
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�|�b�}���ɱN <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ibcs2" name="ibcs2">
+ �o�@�� kernel �Ҳո��J.
+
+ <p>�A�٭n�N�A�� /compat/ibcs2/dev �令�U���o��:
+
+ <verb>
+lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 X0R@ -> /dev/null
+lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 7 Oct 15 22:20 nfsd@ -> socksys
+-rw-rw-r-- 1 root wheel 0 Oct 28 12:02 null
+lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 socksys@ -> /dev/null
+crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 41, 1 Oct 15 22:14 spx
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�A�u�ݭn�N socksys ��V�� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?null(4)" name="/dev/null">
+ �h�F�L open &amp; close. �b -current �̭��� ibcs2 �����{���X�N�|�B
+ �z�o�ǪF��. This is muck cleaner than the way it was done before.
+ ���p�A�Q�n�ϥ� <tt/spx/ �譱���{��, �b�A���֤߳]�w�ɸ̭��[�W
+ <tt/SPX&lowbar;HACK/ .
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڭn�p��b�ڪ������W�]�w INN (Internet News)?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>After installing the inn package or port, an excellent place to
+ <p>�b�A�ϥ� package �Ϊ̬O port �w�˧� inn ����,
+ <url url="http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~barr/INN.html"
+ name="Dave Barr's INN Page"> �O�ӫD�`�n���}�l, �A�i�H�b������
+ INN �� FAQ.
+
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1>
+
+ <heading>�ڸӨϥΨ��Ӫ����� Microsoft FrontPage?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�ϥ� Port �a! �b ports tree ���w�g���@�ӥ]�t FrontPage �� Apache �����F.
+ </p>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ </sect>
+
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/commercial.sgml b/zh/FAQ/commercial.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e375b70c4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/commercial.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+<!-- $Id: commercial.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by vanilla@FreeBSD.ORG -->
+<!-- English version: 1.3 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>�ӷ~�n��<label id="commercial"></heading>
+
+ <p><bf/NOTE/ This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of
+ course, that companies will add to it! :) The FreeBSD group has no
+ financial interest in any of the companies listed here but simply
+ lists them as a public service (and feels that commercial interest
+ in FreeBSD can have very positive effects on FreeBSD's long-term
+ viability). We encourage commercial software vendors to send their
+ entries here for inclusion. See
+ <url url="../commercial/commercial.html" name="the Vendors page">
+ for a longer list.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڥi�H�b�����쵹 FreeBSD �Ϊ� Motif?</heading>
+
+ <p>�p�� <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> , �L�̴��ѤF�@�ӵ� FreeBSD
+ �� Motif 2.0 �M��.
+
+ <p>�b�o�M�󤤥]�A�F:
+ <itemize>
+ <item>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm.
+
+ <item>Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include and Imake
+ files.
+
+ <item>Static and dynamic libraries.
+
+ <item>Demonstration applets.
+
+ <item>Preformatted man pages.
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>�b�A��L�̭q�� Motif ��, �Ф@�w�����A�n���O FreeBSD ������!
+ �]�� <em>Xi Graphics</em> �]�P�ɴ��ѤF BSDI �� Linux ������ Motif.
+ �ثe�o�檺�����O��b�|���Ϥ���, �N�ӥL�̷|�N�Ҧ����F�賣�����и�,
+ �N���L�̩ҵo�檺 CDE �@��.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڥi�H�b�����쵹 FreeBSD �Ϊ� CDE?</heading>
+
+ <p>�p�� <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> , �L�̴��ѤF�@�ӵ� FreeBSD
+ �Ϊ� CDE 1.0.10 �M��, �̭��]�A�F Motif 1.2.5, �åB�L�̪� CDE �]�i�H�b
+ Motif 2.0 �U�ܥ��`������.
+
+ <p>CDE �O�Υ��Ъ��覡�o��, FreeBSD �� Linux �������@��.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ ���䦳�n��, ���O���IJv�� X servers?<label id="xig">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�p�A���@, <url url="http://www.xig.com" name="Xi Graphics">
+ ���ѤF Accelerated-X �� FreeBSD ���L Intel based ���t��.
+
+ <p>�o�Ӱ��IJv�� X Server ���D�`²�檺�]�w�覡, �åB�䴩�F�ثe�����W
+ �������U�j�t�P����ܥd, �̭��n���O, ���u���A Binary.
+ ���O�κϤ����覡�o��, FreeBSD �� Linux �������@��.
+
+ <p>�A�i�H�b FreeBSD ����t�|�����Ф����o�Ӱ��IJv X Server �� demo ��,
+ ���M�A�]�i�H�����b�����W���. <!-- �o�q�ڦ��[�F�� -->
+
+ <p>Xi Graphics �]���b�� FreeBSD �Ϊ� Motif �� CDE (���W���ݬ�).
+
+ <descrip>
+ <tag/��h����T/
+ <url url="http://www.xig.com/" name="Xi Graphics WWW page">
+
+ <tag/��/ <url url="mailto:sales@xig.com" name="Sales"> or
+ <url url="mailto:support@xig.com" name="Support"> email addresses.
+
+ <tag/��/ phone (800) 946 7433 or +1 303 298-7478.
+ </descrip>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�b FreeBSD �W�����󪺸�Ʈw��?</heading>
+
+ <p>��! Conetic Software Systems �w�g�N�L�̪� C/base �� C/books
+ ports �� FreeBSD 2.0.5(�Χ󰪪���)�W, �� Sleepycat Software �]�b��
+ �@�M���ӷ~�䴩����Ʈw�禡�w.
+
+ <descrip>
+ <tag/For more information/
+ <url url="http://www.conetic.com/" name="Conetic Software Systems">
+
+ <tag/or mail/
+ <url url="mailto:info@conetic.com" name="Information E-mail address">,
+
+ <tag/and/
+ <url url="http://www.sleepycat.com/" name = "Sleepycat Software">.
+ </descrip>
+
+ </sect>
+
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/hackers.sgml b/zh/FAQ/hackers.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a5071a57b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/hackers.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+<!-- $Id: hackers.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.11 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>For serious FreeBSD hackers only<label id="hackers"></heading>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ What are SNAPs and RELEASEs?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>There are currently three active/semi-active branches in the FreeBSD
+ <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi" name="CVS Repository">:
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item><bf/RELENG_2_2/ AKA <bf/2.2-stable/ AKA <bf/"2.2 branch"/
+ <item><bf/RELENG_3/ AKA <bf/3.x-stable/ AKA <bf/"3.0 branch"/
+ <item><bf/HEAD/ AKA <bf/-current/ AKA <bf/4.0-current/
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p><bf/HEAD/ is not an actual branch tag, like the other two, it's
+ simply a symbolic constant for
+ <em/"the current, non-branched development stream"/ which we simply
+ refer to as <bf/-current/.
+
+ <p>Right now, <bf/-current/ is the 4.0 development stream and the
+ <bf/3.0-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_3/, forked off from
+ <bf/-current/ in Jan 1999.
+
+ <p>The <bf/2.2-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_2_2/, departed -current in
+ November 1996.
+
+ <p>The <bf/2.1-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_2_1_0/, departed -current in
+ September of 1994. This branch has been fully retired.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ How do I make my own custom release?<label id="custrel">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>To make a release you need to do three things: First, you need to
+ be running a kernel with the <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?vn" name="vn"> driver configured
+ in. Add this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel:
+
+ <verb>
+ pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device)
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>Second, you have to have the whole CVS repository at hand.
+ To get this you can use <url url="../handbook/cvsup.html" name="CVSUP">
+ but in your supfile set the release name to cvs and remove any tag or
+ date fields:
+
+ <verb>
+ *default prefix=/home/ncvs
+ *default base=/a
+ *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org
+ *default release=cvs
+ *default delete compress use-rel-suffix
+
+ ## Main Source Tree
+ src-all
+ src-eBones
+ src-secure
+
+ # Other stuff
+ ports-all
+ www
+ doc-all
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>Then run <tt/cvsup -g supfile/ to suck all the good bits onto your
+ box...
+
+ <p>Finally, you need a chunk of empty space to build into. Let's
+ say it's in <tt>/some/big/filesystem</tt>, and from the example
+ above you've got the CVS repository in <tt>/home/ncvs</tt>:
+
+ <verb>
+ setenv CVSROOT /home/ncvs # or export CVSROOT=/home/ncvs
+ cd /usr/src/release
+ make release BUILDNAME=3.0-MY-SNAP CHROOTDIR=/some/big/filesystem/release
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>An entire release will be built in
+ <tt>/some/big/filesystem/release</tt> and you will have a full FTP-type
+ installation in <tt>/some/big/filesystem/release/R/ftp</tt> when you're
+ done. If you want to build your SNAP along some other branch than
+ -current, you can also add <tt/RELEASETAG=SOMETAG/ to
+ the make release command line above, e.g. <tt/RELEASETAG=RELENG_2_2/
+ would build an up-to-the- minute 2.2-STABLE snapshot.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>How do I create customized installation disks?</heading>
+
+ <p>The entire process of creating installation disks and source and
+ binary archives is automated by various targets in
+ <tt>/usr/src/release/Makefile</tt>. The information there should
+ be enough to get you started. However, it should be said that this
+ involves doing a ``make world'' and will therefore take up a lot of
+ time and disk space.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>``make world'' clobbers my existing installed binaries.</heading>
+
+ <p>Yes, this is the general idea; as its name might suggest,
+ ``make world'' rebuilds every system binary from scratch, so you can be
+ certain of having a clean and consistent environment at the end (which
+ is why it takes so long).
+
+ <p>If the environment variable <tt/DESTDIR/ is defined while running
+ ``<tt/make world/'' or ``<tt/make install/'', the newly-created
+ binaries will be deposited in a directory tree identical to the
+ installed one, rooted at <tt>&dollar;&lcub;DESTDIR&rcub;</tt>.
+ Some random combination of shared libraries modifications and
+ program rebuilds can cause this to fail in ``<tt/make world/'',
+ however.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ When my system boots, it says ``(bus speed defaulted)''.
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure
+ their bus access speed in software. Previous versions of the
+ 1542 driver tried to determine the fastest usable speed and set
+ the adapter to that. We found that this breaks some users'
+ systems, so you now have to define the ``<tt/TUNE&lowbar;1542/'' kernel
+ configuration option in order to have this take place. Using it
+ on those systems where it works may make your disks run faster,
+ but on those systems where it doesn't, your data could be
+ corrupted.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ Can I follow current with limited Internet access?<label id="ctm">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>Yes, you can do this <tt /without/ downloading the whole source tree
+ by using the <url url="../handbook/ctm.html" name="CTM facility.">
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>How did you split the distribution into 240k files?</heading>
+
+ <p>Newer BSD based systems have a ``<tt/-b/'' option to split that
+ allows them to split files on arbitrary byte boundaries.
+
+ <p>Here is an example from <tt>/usr/src/Makefile</tt>.
+
+ <verb>
+ bin-tarball:
+ (cd $&lcub;DISTDIR&rcub;; \
+ tar cf - . \
+ gzip --no-name -9 -c | \
+ split -b 240640 - \
+ $&lcub;RELEASEDIR&rcub;/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.)
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>I've written a kernel extension, who do I send it to?</heading>
+
+ <p>Please take a look at <url url="../handbook/contrib.html"
+ name="The Handbook entry on how to submit code.">
+
+ <p>And thanks for the thought!
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>How are Plug N Play ISA cards detected and initialized?</heading>
+
+ <p>By: <url url="mailto:uhclem@nemesis.lonestar.org"
+ name="Frank Durda IV">
+
+ <p>In a nutshell, there a few I/O ports that all of the PnP boards
+ respond to when the host asks if anyone is out there. So when
+ the PnP probe routine starts, he asks if there are any PnP boards
+ present, and all the PnP boards respond with their model &num; to
+ a I/O read of the same port, so the probe routine gets a wired-OR
+ ``yes'' to that question. At least one bit will be on in that
+ reply. Then the probe code is able to cause boards with board
+ model IDs (assigned by Microsoft/Intel) lower than X to go
+ ``off-line''. It then looks to see if any boards are still
+ responding to the query. If the answer was ``<tt/0/'', then
+ there are no boards with IDs above X. Now probe asks if there
+ are any boards below ``X''. If so, probe knows there are boards
+ with a model numbers below X. Probe then asks for boards greater
+ than X-(limit/4) to go off-line. If repeats the query. By
+ repeating this semi-binary search of IDs-in-range enough times,
+ the probing code will eventually identify all PnP boards present
+ in a given machine with a number of iterations that is much lower
+ than what 2^64 would take.
+
+ <p>The IDs are two 32-bit fields (hence 2&circ;64) + 8 bit checksum.
+ The first 32 bits are a vendor identifier. They never come out
+ and say it, but it appears to be assumed that different types of
+ boards from the same vendor could have different 32-bit vendor
+ ids. The idea of needing 32 bits just for unique manufacturers
+ is a bit excessive.
+
+ <p>The lower 32 bits are a serial &num;, ethernet address, something
+ that makes this one board unique. The vendor must never produce
+ a second board that has the same lower 32 bits unless the upper
+ 32 bits are also different. So you can have multiple boards of
+ the same type in the machine and the full 64 bits will still be
+ unique.
+
+ <p>The 32 bit groups can never be all zero. This allows the
+ wired-OR to show non-zero bits during the initial binary search.
+
+ <p>Once the system has identified all the board IDs present, it will
+ reactivate each board, one at a time (via the same I/O ports),
+ and find out what resources the given board needs, what interrupt
+ choices are available, etc. A scan is made over all the boards
+ to collect this information.
+
+ <p>This info is then combined with info from any ECU files on the
+ hard disk or wired into the MLB BIOS. The ECU and BIOS PnP
+ support for hardware on the MLB is usually synthetic, and the
+ peripherals don't really do genuine PnP. However by examining
+ the BIOS info plus the ECU info, the probe routines can cause the
+ devices that are PnP to avoid those devices the probe code cannot
+ relocate.
+
+ <p>Then the PnP devices are visited once more and given their I/O,
+ DMA, IRQ and Memory-map address assignments. The devices will
+ then appear at those locations and remain there until the next
+ reboot, although there is nothing that says you can't move them
+ around whenever you want.
+
+ <p>There is a lot of oversimplification above, but you should get
+ the general idea.
+
+ <p>Microsoft took over some of the primary printer status ports to
+ do PnP, on the logic that no boards decoded those addresses for
+ the opposing I/O cycles. I found a genuine IBM printer board
+ that did decode writes of the status port during the early PnP
+ proposal review period, but MS said ``tough''. So they do a
+ write to the printer status port for setting addresses, plus that
+ use that address + <tt/0x800/, and a third I/O port for reading
+ that can be located anywhere between <tt/0x200/ and <tt/0x3ff/.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>Does FreeBSD support architectures other than the x86?</heading>
+
+ <p>Several groups of people have expressed interest in working on
+ multi-architecture ports for FreeBSD and the FreeBSD/AXP (ALPHA)
+ port is one such effort which has been quite successful, now
+ available in 3.0 SNAPshot release form at <url
+ url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/alpha/"
+ name="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/alpha">. The ALPHA
+ port currently runs on a growing number of ALPHA machine
+ types, among them the AlphaStation, AXPpci, PC164, Miata and Multia
+ models. This port is not yet considered a full release and won't be
+ until a full compliment of system installation tools and a distribution
+ on CDROM installation media is available, including a reasonable
+ number of working ports and packages.
+ FreeBSD/AXP should be considered BETA quality software at this
+ time. For status information, please join the
+ <tt>&lt;freebsd-alpha@FreeBSD.ORG&gt;</tt><ref id="mailing"
+ name="mailing list">.
+
+ Interest has also been expressed in a port of FreeBSD to
+ the SPARC architecture, join the <tt>&lt;freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.ORG&gt;
+ </tt><ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> if you are interested
+ in joining that project. For general discussion on new architectures,
+ join the <tt>&lt;freebsd-platforms@FreeBSD.ORG&gt;</tt>
+ <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list">.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>I need a major number for a device driver I've written.</heading>
+
+ <p>This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver
+ publicly available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the
+ driver source code, plus the appropriate modifications to
+ <tt>files.i386</tt>, a sample configuration file entry, and the
+ appropriate <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV"
+ name="MAKEDEV"> code to create any special files your device uses. If
+ you do not, or are unable to because of licensing restrictions, then
+ character major number 32 and block major number 8 have been reserved
+ specifically for this purpose; please use them. In any case, we'd
+ appreciate hearing about your driver on
+ <tt>&lt;freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.ORG&gt;</tt>.
+
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>Alternative layout policies for directories</heading>
+
+ <p>
+ In answer to the question of alternative layout policies for
+ directories, the scheme that is currently in use is unchanged
+ from what I wrote in 1983. I wrote that policy for the original
+ fast filesystem, and never revisited it. It works well at keeping
+ cylinder groups from filling up. As several of you have noted,
+ it works poorly for find. Most filesystems are created from
+ archives that were created by a depth first search (aka ftw).
+ These directories end up being striped across the cylinder groups
+ thus creating a worst possible senario for future depth first
+ searches. If one knew the total number of directories to be
+ created, the solution would be to create (total / fs_ncg) per
+ cylinder group before moving on. Obviously, one would have to
+ create some heuristic to guess at this number. Even using a
+ small fixed number like say 10 would make an order of magnitude
+ improvement. To differentiate restores from normal operation
+ (when the current algorithm is probably more sensible), you
+ could use the clustering of up to 10 if they were all done
+ within a ten second window. Anyway, my conclusion is that this
+ is an area ripe for experimentation.</p>
+
+ <p>Kirk McKusick, September 1998</p>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>Making the most of a kernel panic</heading>
+
+ <p>
+ <em>[This section was extracted from a mail written by <url
+ url="mailto:wpaul@FreeBSD.ORG" name="Bill Paul"> on the
+ freebsd-current <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> by <url
+ url="mailto:des@FreeBSD.ORG" name="Dag-Erling Co&iuml;dan
+ Sm&oslash;rgrav">, who fixed a few typos and added the bracketed
+ comments]</em>
+
+ <p>
+ <verb>
+From: Bill Paul <wpaul@skynet.ctr.columbia.edu>
+Subject: Re: the fs fun never stops
+To: ben@rosengart.com
+Date: Sun, 20 Sep 1998 15:22:50 -0400 (EDT)
+Cc: current@FreeBSD.ORG
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>
+ <em>[&lt;ben@rosengart.com&gt; posted the following panic
+ message]</em>
+ <verb>
+> Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode
+> fault virtual address = 0x40
+> fault code = supervisor read, page not present
+> instruction pointer = 0x8:0xf014a7e5
+ ^^^^^^^^^^
+> stack pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f24
+> frame pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f28
+> code segment = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b
+> = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1
+> processor eflags = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0
+> current process = 80 (mount)
+> interrupt mask =
+> trap number = 12
+> panic: page fault
+ </verb>
+
+ <p> [When] you see a message like this, it's not enough to just
+ reproduce it and send it in. The instruction pointer value that
+ I highlighted up there is important; unfortunately, it's also
+ configuration dependent. In other words, the value varies
+ depending on the exact kernel image that you're using. If you're
+ using a GENERIC kernel image from one of the snapshots, then
+ it's possible for somebody else to track down the offending
+ function, but if you're running a custom kernel then only
+ <em/you/ can tell us where the fault occured.
+
+ <p> What you should do is this:
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item>Write down the instruction pointer value. Note that the
+ <tt/0x8:/ part at the begining is not significant in this case:
+ it's the <tt/0xf0xxxxxx/ part that we want.
+ <item>When the system reboots, do the following:
+ <verb>
+% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxxx
+ </verb>
+ where <tt/f0xxxxxx/ is the instruction pointer value. The
+ odds are you will not get an exact match since the symbols
+ in the kernel symbol table are for the entry points of
+ functions and the instruction pointer address will be
+ somewhere inside a function, not at the start. If you don't
+ get an exact match, omit the last digit from the instruction
+ pointer value and try again, i.e.:
+ <verb>
+% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxx
+ </verb>
+ If that doesn't yield any results, chop off another digit.
+ Repeat until you get some sort of output. The result will be
+ a possible list of functions which caused the panic. This is
+ a less than exact mechanism for tracking down the point of
+ failure, but it's better than nothing.
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p> I see people constantly show panic messages like this but
+ rarely do I see someone take the time to match up the
+ instruction pointer with a function in the kernel symbol table.
+
+ <p> The best way to track down the cause of a panic is by
+ capturing a crash dump, then using <tt/gdb(1)/ to to a stack
+ trace on the crash dump. Of course, this depends on <tt/gdb(1)/
+ in -current working correctly, which I can't guarantee (I recall
+ somebody saying that the new ELF-ized <tt/gdb(1)/ didn't handle
+ kernel crash dumps correctly: somebody should check this before
+ 3.0 goes out of beta or there'll be a lot of red faces after the
+ CDs ship).
+
+ <p>
+ In any case, the method I normally use is this:
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item>Set up a kernel config file, optionally adding 'options DDB' if you
+ think you need the kernel debugger for something. (I use this mainly
+ for setting beakpoints if I suspect an infinite loop condition of
+ some kind.)
+ <item>Use <tt/config -g KERNELCONFIG/ to set up the build directory.
+ <item><tt>cd /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG; make</tt>
+ <item>Wait for kernel to finish compiling.
+ <item><tt/cp kernel kernel.debug/
+ <item><tt/strip -d kernel/
+ <item><tt/mv /kernel /kernel.orig/
+ <item><tt>cp kernel /</tt>
+ <item>reboot
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p> <em>[Note: Now that FreeBSD 3.x kernels are Elf by default,
+ you should use <tt/strip -g/ instead of <tt/strip -d/. If for some
+ reason your kernel is still a.out, use <tt/strip -aout -d/.]</em>
+
+ <p> Note that YOU DO <em/NOT/ WANT TO ACTUALLY BOOT THE KERNEL
+ WITH ALL THE DEBUG SYMBOLS IN IT. A kernel compiled with <tt/-g/
+ can easily be close to 10MB in size. You don't have to actually
+ boot this massive image: you only need it later for <tt/gdb(1)/
+ (<tt/gdb(1)/ wants the symbol table). Instead, you want to keep
+ a copy of the full image and create a second image with the
+ debug symbols stripped out using <tt/strip -d/. It is this
+ second stripped image that you want to boot.
+
+ <p> To make sure you capture a crash dump, you need edit
+ <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> and set <tt/dumpdev/ to point to your swap
+ partition. This will cause the <tt/rc(8)/ scripts to use the
+ <tt/dumpon(8)/ command to enable crash dumps. You can also run
+ <tt/dumpon(8)/ manually. After a panic, the crash dump can be
+ recovered using <tt/savecore(8)/; if <tt/dumpdev/ is set in
+ <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>, the <tt/rc(8)/ scripts will run
+ <tt/savecore(8)/ automatically and put the crash dump in
+ <tt>/var/crash</tt>.
+
+ <p> NOTE: FreeBSD crash dumps are usually the same size as the
+ physical RAM size of your machine. That is, if you have 64MB of
+ RAM, you will get a 64MB crash dump. Therefore you must make sure
+ there's enough space in <tt>/var/crash</tt> to hold the dump.
+ Alternatively, you run <tt/savecore(8)/ manually and have it
+ recover the crash dump to another directory where you have more
+ room. It's possible to limit the size of the crash dump by using
+ <tt/options MAXMEM=(foo)/ to set the amount of memory the kernel
+ will use to something a little more sensible. For example, if
+ you have 128MB of RAM, you can limit the kernel's memory usage
+ to 16MB so that your crash dump size will be 16MB instead of
+ 128MB.
+
+ <p> Once you have recovered the crash dump, you can get a stack
+ trace with <tt/gdb(1)/ as follows:
+
+ <p>
+ <verb>
+% gdb -k /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG/kernel.debug /var/crash/vmcore.0
+(gdb) where
+ </verb>
+
+ <p> Note that there may be several screens worth of information;
+ ideally you should use <tt/script(1)/ to capture all of them.
+ Using the unstripped kernel image with all the debug symbols
+ should show the exact line of kernel source code where the panic
+ occured. Usually you have to read the stack trace from the
+ bottom up in order to trace the exact sequence of events that
+ lead to the crash. You can also use <tt/gdb(1)/ to print out the
+ contents of various variables or structures in order to examine
+ the system state at the time of the crash.
+
+ <p> Now, if you're really insane and have a second computer, you
+ can also configure <tt/gdb(1)/ to do remote debugging such that
+ you can use <tt/gdb(1)/ on one system to debug the kernel on
+ another system, including setting breakpoints, single-stepping
+ through the kernel code, just like you can do with a normal
+ user-mode program. I haven't played with this yet as I don't
+ often have the chance to set up two machines side by side for
+ debugging purposes.
+
+ <p> <em>[Bill adds: "I forgot to mention one thing: if you have
+ DDB enabled and the kernel drops into the debugger, you can
+ force a panic (and a crash dump) just by typing 'panic' at the
+ ddb prompt. It may stop in the debugger again during the panic
+ phase. If it does, type 'continue' and it will finish the crash
+ dump." -ed]</em>
+
+ </sect>
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/hardware.sgml b/zh/FAQ/hardware.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..889eeea30b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/hardware.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+<!-- $Id: hardware.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by gsl@tpts4.seed.net.tw -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.14 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>�w�骺�ۮe��<label id="hardware"></heading>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>FreeBSD �䴩���ǵw�Ъ������H</heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �䴩 EIDE �� SCSI �g�� (���۬ۮe�� controller�F
+ �аѦҤU�@�q)�A�H�ΨϥΡuWestern Digital�v�������g�� (MEM�B
+ �BRLL�BESDI�A���M�AIDE �]�b�]�A��)�C���ּƨϥαM���� ESDI
+ �������L�k�B�@�G���O WD1002/3/6/7 ���������C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>���@�� SCSI �d���Q�䴩�H</heading>
+
+ <p>�b <htmlurl url="../handbook/install:hw.html" name="Handbook"> �̦����㪺��ơC
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>���@�� CD-ROM �Q FreeBSD �Ҥ䴩�H</heading>
+
+ <p>�����A���󱵦b SCSI �����W�� CDROM �����Q FreeBSD �Ҥ䴩�C
+
+ <p>�䦸�A�U���ҦC�� CD-ROM �]�����Q�䴩�G
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item>Mitsumi LU002 (8bit), LU005 (16bit) �� FX001D (16bit �⭿�t)�C<newline>
+ <item>Sony CDU 31/33A<newline>
+ <item>���b Sound Blaster �W�D SCSI ������ CD-ROM<newline>
+ <item>Matsushita/Panasonic CD-ROM<newline>
+ <item>�ۮe�� ATAPI IDE ������ CD-ROM<newline>
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>�w�g���D�D SCSI ���g��]�Ʒ|�� SCSI ���C�ܦh�A�t�~�A���@�� ATAPI
+ CDROM (�o�]�N�O���D SCSI �� CDROM) �i��L�k�B�@�C
+
+ <p>��F�A2.2 ���� FreeBSD CDROM (�� Walnut Creek ��z��) �䴩���ж}���C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 ZIP �ܡH</heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD ���M�䴩 SCSI ZIP�C���O ZIP �u����Q�]�w�b SCSI ID 5 �άO 6
+ �C���p�G SCSI �d�W�� BIOS �䴩���A�A�Ʀܥi�H�Υ��Ӷ}���C�ڭ̤���o���@
+ ���d�i�H���A��d�� ID �]�b���F 0 �� 1 �H�~���a��}��... �ݬݧA��������
+ �U (�G�A���\���ܡA�]�ЧA���ڭ̪��D)
+
+ <p>ATAPI (�]�N�O IDE ����) ZIP �w�g�b FreeBSD 2.2.6 �ΥH�᪺�����Q�䴩�F�C
+
+ <p>FreeBSD 3.0-CURRENT �]���䴩 parallel ZIP�C�M�ӡA���L�A�ݭn�s�@�@�ӥi�H
+ �䴩 ppbus (Parallel Port Bus) �� kernel�A�H���A�i�H�ϥΧA�� ZIP�C�а�
+ �� LINT �o���ɮסC
+
+ <p>�]�i�H�Ѧ�<ref id="jaz" name="�����i�H���ʪ��]��">�A
+ ��<ref id="disklabel" name="������ format �����">�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ FreeBSD ���䴩 JAZ�BEZ �Ψ�L���o�@���i�H���ʪ��]�ƶܡH
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>���F IDE �� EZ drive �~�A��L�����ӳ��O SCSI �����C�ҥH�A���ӱN�j��
+ ���]�Ƭݦ� SCSI �Ϻо��A��ѤU���Ǫ� IDE EZ ���]�Ƭݦ� IDE �]�ơC
+
+ <p><label id="jaz">�ڭ̨ä��T�w FreeBSD ���� jaz �Ϥ��ɪ��䴩���
+ �C���ڭ̪��D���ݦb�⴫ jaz �Ϥ��e�N�o���ɮרt�Υ����U�C���M�A�A���ݽT
+ �w�b�}���ɳo�dz]�ƪ��q���O���}���A�H�K�� FreeBSD �i�H������C
+
+ <p>�Ѧ�<ref id="disklabel" name="������ format �Ϥ������">�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>������ multi-port serial �d�Q FreeBSD �Ҥ䴩�H</heading>
+
+ <p>�A�i�H�Ѧ�<htmlurl url="../handbook/install:misc.html"
+ name="��L�g��]��">�����C
+
+ <p>���M���ǥd�O�S�P���A���]�i�H�b FreeBSD �U�u�@�A���O���٤䴩 AST ���d�C
+
+ <p>�Ѧ� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio"
+ name="sio �o���������">�i�H���A�F�ѧ�h������o�@���d����T�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڦ��@�� bus mouse�C�ڸӦp��]�w�H<label id="busmouse"></heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �䴩�� Microsoft, Logitech �� ATI �ҥͲ��� bus mouse �� InPort
+ bus mouse�C�o�Ƿƹ��� driver ���w�g���t�b GENERIC �̭��F�C�p�G�A�ۤv�����s
+ ���@�� kernel�A�нT�w���S����U�C�o�@��[�J�A�� kernel config file�G
+
+ <verb>
+ device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq5 vector mseintr
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�R bus mouse �����ӷ|�t�@�������d�C�o���d���\�A�]�w���P�� port address ��
+ IRQ number�C�ѦҧA��������U�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mse"
+ name="mse man page"> �ӱo���h����T.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڦp��ϥ� PS/2 mouse �άO PS/2 keyboard�H<label id="ps2mouse"></heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�� FreeBSD �O 2.2.5 �H�W������ (�t 2.2.5)�A����A�ݭn�� driver ���ȩ��
+ kernel �̭��F�A�ӥB�A�� PS/2 �]�����ӥi�H�b�}���ɳQ������C
+
+ <p>�p�G�A���O 2.1.x �� 2.2.5 (���t 2.2.5) ���� FreeBSD�A�A�i�H�b
+ �}�����ɭԶi�J�ukernel configuration menu�v�̥h�ҰʡA�]�N�O�b�}���ɥX�{
+ boot: ���Ÿ��ᥴ�J -c�C�]���w�]�ȬO�������A�ҥH�A���ݦۤv�h�Ұʥ��C
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�Ϊ��O���ª������A�A�ݭn�ۤv�s�@�� kernel�A�b�A���֤߳]�w�ɸ̭��[�J�G
+
+ <verb>
+ device psm0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" conflicts tty irq 12 vector psmintr
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A���ۤv�s�@�Ӯ֤ߨS���g��A�аѦ�<htmlurl
+ url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" name="�u�s�@�Ӯ֤ߡv">
+
+ <p>�p�G�b�}���ɦ���� psm0 �o����ϥΡA�нT�w�b /dev �U�� psm0 �o�ӳ]���ɡC
+ �p�G�S���A�A���ӥ� root ��������J�U���o��Ӱ��X�G
+
+ <verb>
+ cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV psm0
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�O�_���i��b X Window ���~�ϥηƹ��O�H<label id="moused"></heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�Ϊ��O default console driver�A�]�N�O syscons�A�ӷQ�n��
+ �ƹ����ШӰŶK��r�A����N����ƹ��� daemon�A�]�N�O moused�A�M��
+ �ΤU���o���ӱҰʥ��G
+
+ <verb>
+ moused -p /dev/xxxx -t yyyy
+ vidcontrol -m on
+ </verb>
+
+ <p><tt>xxxx</tt> ���a���J mouse �� device name�A�� <tt>yyyy</tt>
+ ��J�o���ƹ��� protocol type�C�A�i�H�Ѧ� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?moused" name="moused">
+ �o�� man page �ӧ�ݬݦ����� protocol types �i�H��C
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�Q�n�b�}���ɴN���� moused�C�b 2.2.1 �����e (�t 2.2.1)�A��
+ <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> �]�w�U�����ȡG
+
+ <verb>
+ mousedtype="yyyy"
+ mousedport="xxxx"
+ mousedflags=""
+ </verb>
+
+ �b 2.2.2 ���H�� (�t 2.2.2) �� <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> �]�w�U�����ȡG
+
+ <verb>
+ moused_type="yyyy"
+ moused_port="xxxx"
+ moused_flags=""
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�t�~�q 2.2.6 ���}�l�Amoused �i�H�۰ʨM�w protocol type�A���D�ƹ���b
+ �O���¤F�C�p�G���ª��ܡA�b moused_type ��J ``<tt>auto</tt>''�A�M���ë
+ �i�H��������C
+
+ <p>������ moused ��A�Q�n�b��L�{���̨ϥηƹ��ݭn�� X Window �o��������
+ �{���C�Ѧҥ��媺 <ref id="x-and-moused" name="�t�~�@�q">
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�p��b text console �̰ŶK�H</heading>
+
+ <p>������ moused ��A(�Ѧ�<ref id="moused" name="�e�@�q">)�A��������A
+ ���ʷƹ��ӿ�ܤ@�Ӱϰ줧���}�C�M��A���U����Υk��A�N�i�H�K�W�h�F�C
+
+ <p>�b 2.2.6 ���� (�t 2.2.6)�A���U����|����K�W�o�Ӱʧ@�A�����U�k��|����
+ �ҿ�����ϰ�C�p�G�A���ƹ��S������A�A�i�H�μ������覡�άO���s�w�q�ƹ���
+ �䪺�覡�ӹF���u�����v���\��C�Ѧ� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?moused" name="moused"> �o�� man
+ pages �ӱo���h������T�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڪ��ƹ��W���u���A�ण��b FreeBSD �U�ϥΡH</heading>
+
+ <p>�ܤ������A�b�j�h�ƪ����p�U����C�o�DZa���u�����ƹ��ݭn�ίS
+ �����X�ʵ{���C���D�ƹ����Q�A���{���άO�X�ʵ{���Ҥ䴩�A���M�o�Ƿ�
+ ���u��������O���q������ΤT�䪺�ƹ��ϥΡC
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �گ�b�ڪ� laptop �W�ϥηƹ�/�y��y/touchpad �ܡH
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�Ѧ�<ref id="ps2mouse" name="�W�@�q������">�A�åB�Ѧ�
+ <ref id="pao" name="this note"> on the Mobile Computing page.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>������ tape �P�䦳�Q�䴩�H</heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �䴩 SCSI�AQIC-36 (QIC-02 ����) �� QIC-40/80 (Floppy ����) tape drives�C
+ �]�A 8-mm (aka Exabyte) �� DAT drives�C�w�g���D QIC-40/80 drives �ܺC�C
+
+ <p>�Y�Ǧ����� 8-mm drives �ä��ۮe�� SCSI-2�A�i��S����k�b FreeBSD �W�B�@�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 tape changer �ܡH</heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD 2.2 �Q�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ch(4)"
+ name="ch"> �o�ӳ]�ƨӤ䴩 SCSI changers�A�A�i�H�Ѧ� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio" name="chio"> �o�ӫ��O�C
+ �p�󱱨� changer ����k�i�H�b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio"
+ name="chio"> �o���������̧��C
+
+ <p>�p�G�A���O�� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?amanda" name="AMANDA"> ��
+ ��L�w�g�Q���D�� changer�A�O���A�A�u���D�p��N�@�� tape �q�䤤�@�Ӳ���t�~�@�ӡA
+ �ҥH�A�ݭn�O�����@�� tape �b�̭��A�β{�b�����@�� tape �ݭn��^�h�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�����ǭ��ĥd���Q FreeBSD �䴩�H</heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �䴩 SoundBlaster�ASoundBlaster Pro�ASoundBlaster 16�A
+ Pro Audio Spectrum 16�AAdLib �� Gravis UltraSound sound cards�C
+ ����� MPU-401 �Ψ�ۮe MIDI �d���䷽�����C���ϥ� Microsoft
+ Sound System ���d�i�H�z�L pcm ���X�ʵ{���ӨϥΥ��C
+
+ <p><bf/NOTE/ �o���X�ʵ{���u�A�Ω��n���譱�A�ӥB�ä��䴩�b�o��
+ �d�W�� CD-ROM�ASCSI �� joysticks�C���]���Ǩҥ~�A���O SoundBlaster�B
+ SoundBlaster SCSI �����άY�ǫD SCSI CDROMS ���Q�䴩�A���A�L�k�ϥγo
+ �dz]�ƶ}���C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>���Ǻ����d�Q FreeBSD �Ҥ䴩�H</heading>
+
+ <p>�Ѧ�<htmlurl url="../handbook/install:nics.html" name="�A�Ӻ����d">
+ �A�̭������㪺�M��C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڪ��q���S���B�I�B�⾹�A�oť�_�Ӧn�����Ӧn�H</heading>
+
+ <p><tt /Note/ �o�u�|�v�T��� 386/486SX/486SLC ���H - �ϥΨ�L�� CPU ��
+ �w�g���t���I�B�⾹�F�C
+
+ <p>�@��ӻ��o���|�y��������D�A�����A�n�Ϊ��ɭԡA�L�צb�IJv�W�P��K�פW�A
+ �����B�I�B�⪺�{���X������U (�Ѧ�<ref id="emul" name="���I�B�������">)�C
+ �ר�O�b X �U���e���ήɷ|�ܺC�C�ҥH�A�ڭ��٬O�|��ij�R�@�����I�B�⾹�C
+
+ <p><bf/NOTE/ ���ǼƾǹB�⾹���L���n�C���O�S���H�j���A�R Intel ���C
+ ���D�A�T�w�A�R���i�H�b FreeBSD �W���T���u�@�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>2.X �٤䴩���dz]�ơH</heading>
+
+ <p>�Цh�h�Ѧ� <htmlurl url="../handbook/install:misc.html" name="Handbook">
+ �A�̭����C�X�C
+
+<!--
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn�R�@�O�s�������A�������ij�i�H���ڶܡH</heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�n�ۦ�ոˡA�A�i�H�Ѧ� Handbook ����<htmlurl
+ url="../handbook/hw.html" name="�w��">�A�Ϊ̧A�i�H�Ѧ�<htmlurl
+ url="../commercial/hardware.html" name="�w��t��">���ѧA�F�ѦU�a
+ �i�H�ϥ� FreeBSD �������C
+-->
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>FreeBSD �䴩�q���޲z�t�ζܡH</heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �䴩�Y�Ǿ����W�� APM�C�аѦ� <tt/LINT/ �o�� kernel �]�w�ɡA
+ �ç�ݬ� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?apm"
+ name="APM"> �o������r�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�b�Y�ǵw��W�Ҳ��ͪ����D</heading>
+ <p>���q�]�A�F�Y�ǵw��Ҳ��ͪ����D�C
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>�b Micron systems ���D���O�W�ڨS����k�i�J FreeBSD</heading>
+ <p>Micron ���Y�ǥD���O�S�����u PCI BIOS ���W�w�A�Ӿɦܩ���i�J FreeBSD
+ �ɱ����C�]���o�� PCI ���]�ƨS���b�}���ɦV�D���O���i�L������m�C
+ <p>�i�J BIOS ��A�N�uPlug and Play Operating System�v�o���� disable ��
+ �i�H�ȮɸѨM�o�Ӱ��D�C�p�G�A�Q�o���h���� Micron ���T���A�i�H�Ѧ�
+ <htmlurl
+ url="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron"
+ name="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron">
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڦ��@���s�R�� Adaptec �d�A���O FreeBSD �䤣�쥦�C
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>Adaptec �s�� AIC789x �t�C�����զb��XĪ�� CAM SCSI ���ҤU�i�H�ϥΡC
+ 3.0-CURRENT �� 2.2-STABLE �ݭn patches�A�b
+ <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/cam/"
+ name="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/cam/">�CA CAM-enhanced �}���Ϥ��b
+ <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~abial/cam-boot/"
+ name="http://www.freebsd.org/~abial/cam-boot/">�C�L�קA�O�Ψ��@�ӡA�Х��Ѧ� README
+ </p>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڳo���@�� PnP �� modem�A���O FreeBSD �S��쫨�H
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�A�ݭn�� modem �� PnP ID �[�� serial �X�ʵ{���� PnP ID ���̡A�M��N PnP ���\��
+ �����}�C�b�A���֤߳]�w�ɸ̥[�J <tt/controller pnp0/ ��A���s�sĶ�@�Ӯ֤ߡA�M�᭫
+ �s�ҰʧA���t�ΡC�֤߷|�C�X���ҧ�쪺�Ҧ��]�ƪ� PnP ID�C�бN�o�� modem �� PnP ID
+ �ƻs�� <tt>/sys/i386/isa/sio.c</tt>�A�j�� 1200 �檺�a��C�A�i�H�� "SUP1310" �o��
+ �r������U�A��� "siopnp_ids[]" �o�Ӫ��C�A���s�sĶ�@�� kernel ���᭫�s�}���A�A��
+ modem ���ӷ|�Q���F�C
+ </p>
+
+ <p>�A�]�i�H�b�}���ɤ�ʿ�J�����U�����r�����֤߬ݨ�A�� modem�G
+ <verb>
+ pnp 1 0 enable os irq0 3 drq0 0 port0 0x2f8
+ </verb>
+ </p>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڸӦp��b serial console �e�ݨ� boot: �o�Ӵ��ܲŸ��H
+ </heading>
+
+ <p><enum>
+ <item>�b�A���֤��ɸ̭��[�J�@�� <tt/options COMCONSOLE/�A�M�᭫�s�sĶ�A���֤ߡA
+ <item>�M��� /boot.config �̼g�J <tt/-P/ �o��Ӧr�C
+ <item>Unplug the keyboard from the system.
+ </enum></p>
+
+ <p>�Ѧ� <tt>/usr/src/sys/i386/boot/biosboot/README.serial</tt> �ӤF�ѧ�h����T�C</p>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1>
+
+
+ <heading>������ڪ� 3Com PCI �����d�S����k�b Micron �D���O�W�u�@�H</heading>
+ <p>�Y�� Micron �D���O�S�����u PCI BIOS ���W�w�Өϱo PCI ���g��]�ƨS���^��
+ �L�̪���m�C�o�ϱo�b�i�J FreeBSD �ɷ|�����C
+ <p>�p�G�n�ȮɸѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A�Цb BIOS �� disable�uPlug and Play Operating System�v
+ <p>���� Micron ��h���T���i�H�ѦҡG
+ <htmlurl
+ url="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron"
+ name="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron">
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 Symmetric Multiproccessing (SMP) ��?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>SMP �u�b 3.0-CURRENT �Q�䴩.
+
+ </sect>
+
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/includes.sgml b/zh/FAQ/includes.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..011f61b8b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/includes.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<!-- $Id: includes.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+
+<!-- book stores -->
+<!ENTITY isbn.amazon 'http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN'>
+
+
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/install.sgml b/zh/FAQ/install.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bcd2cce3af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/install.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,632 @@
+<!-- $Id: install.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.13 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>�w�� FreeBSD<label id="install"></heading>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڸӤU�������ɮץH���o FreeBSD�H</heading>
+
+ <p>�q�`�A�u�ݭn�@�i�n�ЬM���ɡA<em>floppies/boot.flp</em>�A�⥦��
+ ���� 1.44MB �n�Ф��W�M��Ұʥ��A�A�h�U����L������(�w�˵{�Ƿ|��
+ �z�A�� TCP/IP �s�u�A�H�� tapes�A���о��A�n�о��ADOS ���ΰϡA��
+ ��L�u�n�O�w�˹L�{���ݭn�Ψ쪺)�C
+
+ <p>�Y�A�u�ݭn�ۤv�U�� distributions(�i���t���� DOS �ɮרt�ΨӦw��)
+ �A�H�U�O�ڭ̫�ij�A��Ӧw�˪� distributions�G
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item> bin/<newline>
+ <item> manpages/<newline>
+ <item> compat*/<newline>
+ <item> doc/ <newline>
+ <item> src/ssys.* <newline>
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>�w�˵{�Ǫ�������O�A�H�Χ�h���M�ʦw�ˮɷ|�I�쪺���D�i�H�b
+ <url url="../handbook/install.html"
+ name="Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD.">�o�̧��C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ϩR�I�Ұʪ��n�ЬM���ɵL�k���@����W���n�Ф��̡I
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�@�i 3.5 �^�T(1.44MB)�n�Ф��i�H�e�� 1474560 �줸�ժ���ơC
+ �Ұʪ��M���ɴN��n�O�o�Ӥj�p�C
+ <p>�b�dzƱҰʳn�Ф��ɱ`�������~���G
+ <itemize>
+ <item>�ϥ� <tt>FTP</tt> �ɨS���ϥ� <tt>binary</tt> �Ҧ��C
+ <p>�Y�� FTP client �n�饦�̤��w���ǿ�Ҧ��O <tt>ascii</tt>
+ �åB�յۧ�����b�׺ݳQ�������r���A�H�ŦX�o�� client �t�Υ���
+ �C�j�������ΤU�o���M�|���l�ҰʬM���ɡA�ˬd�@�U�A�U�����Ұ�
+ �M���ɤj�p�G�p�G�o���O<em>�����a</em>�ŦX server �ݤW����
+ �פj�p�A����A���U���{�ǴN�����D�C
+
+ <p>�ѨM��k�G�b�A�s���W server ���|���}�l�U���M���ɤ��e�A
+ �ݨ� FTP �R�O���ܸ��ɥ� <tt>binary</tt>�C
+
+ <item>�ϥ� DOS �� <tt>copy</tt> �R�O(�ε��Ī� GUI �u��)�ӧ��
+ �ʬM���ɶǰe��n�Ф��C
+ <p>������ <tt>copy</tt> ���{���A�b�ҰʬM���ɳQ�إߨåB����
+ �}����èS���\�ΡC�M���ɸ̦����㪺�ϺФ��e�A�ϭy��ϭy�A�o�N
+ ���ۧA�L�k�κϤ��W�T�w���ɮץh���N���C
+ �A�����⥦�ǰe��n�Ф���``raw''�W�A�ϥΧC���Ƥu��(���O
+ <tt>fdimage</tt> �� <tt>rawrite</tt>)�A�o�Ǧb
+ <url url="../handbook/install.html" name="installation guide to
+ FreeBSD">�̭��h���y�z�C
+ </itemize>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�w�� FreeBSD �����O�O����H</heading>
+
+ <p>�A�i�H�b�o�̧��w�˫��O�C
+ <url url="../handbook/install.html"
+ name="Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD.">
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�n���� FreeBSD ���ٻݭn����H</heading>
+
+ <p>�A�ݭn�@�x 386 �Χ�n�� PC�A�]�t 5MB �Χ�h�� RAM�H�Φܤ� 60MB
+ ���ϺЪŶ��C�i�H�ȨϥΤ@�ӧC���� MDA �ϧΥd�A�p�G�A�n���� X11R6
+ �A�ݭn VGA �Χ�n�����T�d�C
+
+ <p>��Ѧҳo�ӳ��` <ref id="hardware" name="Hardware compatibility">
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڥu�� 4MB RAM�A���گ�w�� FreeBSD �ܡH</heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD 2.1.7 �O�̫�@�ӥi�b 4MB �t�ΤW�Q�w�˪������C�s����
+ FreeBSD�A���O 2.2�A�ݭn�ܤ� 5MB �Ӧw�˥��b�@�ӥ��s���t�ΤW�C
+
+ <p>FreeBSD ���Ҧ������A�]�A 3.0�A���b 4MB ���O����U����A���L�w��
+ �ɤ���u�� 4MB�C�p�G�A�Q�o�ˡA�A�i�H�b�w�ˮɥ[�J�B�~���O����A�M
+ �ᵥ�t�Υi�H�����A���^ 4MB�C�άO�A�i�H��A���Ϻо����X�@�� 4MB
+ �H�W�m���Ŷ��A�w�˦n�t�Ϋ�A��m���Ŷ��屼�C
+
+ <p>FreeBSD 2.1.7 �]������b 4MB �w�˪����ΡC���T�����A���ӬO��
+ ����b�򥻪� 640kB �[�W 3MB �����O����̦w�ˡC�p�G�A���D���O
+ �i�H���s��^�b 640kB �� 1MB �d�򤤨���``��''���O����A����
+ �γ\�A�٬O�i�H�� FreeBSD 2.1.7 �˰_�ӡC
+
+ <p>�յ۶i�J�A�� BIOS �]�w���ç�@��``remap''�ﹳ�A�⥦���}�C
+ �A�γ\�]�ӧ� ROM shadowing �������C
+
+ <p>�u�b�w�ˮɨϥ� 4MB �i��e���@�I�A�إߤ@�ӥu���A�ݭn���ﶵ��
+ �֤ߵ{���M��N�i�H�Υu�� 4MB�C
+
+ <p>�A�]�i�H�w�� 2.0.5 �M��A��A���t�Υ� 2.1.7 �w�˵{����
+ ``upgrade''���ﶵ�ɯŨ� 2.1.7 �����C
+
+ <p>�w�˫�p�G�A�إߤ@�Ӧۭq���֤ߡA�o�N�|�b 4MB �U����C����
+ �H���\���� 2MB �}��(���L�t�δX�G����� :-))�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڸӫ��s�@�ۭq���w�˳n�Ф��H
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�ثe�A�L�k *�u* �s�@�@�Ӧۭq���w�˳n�Ф��C�A�������X��ӥ��s��
+ release �t�ΡA�o�̭��N�]�A�A���w�˳n�Ф��C�Y�Ǧb
+ <tt>/usr/src/release/floppies/Makefile</tt> �̪��{���X���]����
+ �A*�u*���X���dzn�Ф��A���O�ƹ�W�٤���C
+
+ <p>�n���X�ۭq�� release �����A�п��` <ref id="custrel" name="here">
+ �����O�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڥi�H�b�ڪ� PC �W�֦��W�L�@�ӥH�W���@�~�t�ζܡH</heading>
+
+ <p>�аѦ� <url url="../tutorials/multios/multios.html"
+ name="The multi-OS page.">
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>Windows 95 �i�H�� FreeBSD �æs�ܡH</heading>
+
+ <p>���w�� Windows 95�A�M��A�� FreeBSD�CFreeBSD ���Ұʺ޲z��
+ �|���ۺ޲z Win95 �M FreeBSD�C���ϧA�ĤG�Ӥ~�� Win95�A���N�|
+ �ݳ����ݪ��ʾ|�a��A���Ұʺ޲z���мg�L�h�C���p�o�w�g�o�͡A
+ �ЬݤU�@�`�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ Windows 95 ��ڪ��Ұʺ޲z�������F�I�ڸӫ��⥦�Ϧ^�ӡH
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�A�i�H�ΥH�U��ؤ�k���@�ӭ��s�w�� FreeBSD ���Ұʺ޲z���G
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item>���� DOS�A�i�J�A�� FreeBSD distributions �� tools/ �ؿ�
+ �ç�� <bf>bootinst.exe</bf>�C�A�i�H�o�˰��楦�G
+
+ <p><bf>bootinst.exe boot.bin</bf>
+
+ <p>�o�˱Ұʺ޲z���N�|�A���Q�w�ˡC
+
+ <item>�� FreeBSD �Ұʳn�Ф��A���}���M��i�J Custom �w�˿��
+ ���ءA��� Partition�A��ܨ��ӥ]�t�Ұʺ޲z�����Ϻо�(�j�h�O
+ �Ĥ@��)�A�M������ΰϽs�边(partition editor)�X�{�ɡA�Ĥ@��
+ ��(�N��N�O�G���n��������) ����� (W)rite�C�|�X�{�T�{����
+ �ݡA�^�� yes�A�M����A�ݨ� Boot Manager ����ܴ��ܮɡA�T�w
+ �A�諸�O"Boot Manager"�o���C
+ �o�|��Ұʺ޲z�����s�g�^�Ϻи̡C�����w�˿��M��N�򥿱`����
+ �@�˭��s�Ұʵw�СC
+ </itemize>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڥi�H�b�@�Ӧ��a�y(bad block)���ϺФW�i��w�˶ܡH</heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �� bad block (<htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?bad144" name="bad144">
+ �R�O) �B�z�ëD 100&percnt ����(�ιϧΤƨӬ�)�A�ӥB�ܤ����ڭn�i
+ �D�A���p�A���@�� IDE �� ESDI �˸m�]�t�j�q�� bad blocks�A����
+ FreeBSD �i�ण�A�X�A�I�o���ܡA���L�j�h�ƪ� IDE �t�Υi�঳
+ �ΡA�A�i��Q�b���e�����լݬݡC
+
+ <p>�p�G�A���@�Ӧ� bad blocks �� SCSI �˸m�A�Ь� <ref id="awre"
+ name="this answer">.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>���ڱҰʦw�˳n�Ф��ɡA�_�Ǫ��Ʊ��o�ͤF�I</heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�ݨ�_�Ǫ��Ʊ��A���O���������F�άO���A�յ۱q�w�˺Ϥ��_
+ �ʮɬ�M�۰ʭ��s�}���F�A�o�̦��T�Ӱ��D�A�ӥ��ݰݦۤv:-
+
+ <enum>
+ <item>�A�O�_�ϥΤ@�ӷs���A��榡�ƹL�A�S��������~���n�Ф�(�i
+ �H�O�@�i���s���ʪ��A�ӫD�O���ؤw�g�A���ɤU���F�T�~�A�O���x��
+ �e���ʭ��Ϥ�)�H
+
+ <item>�A�O�_�� binary �Ҧ��U���n�ЬM���ɡH
+ (���Τ��n�N��A�N��O�ڭ̤����̦n���@�ӤH�]���N�~���� binary
+ �ɥ� ASCII �Ҧ��U���ܤ֤@���I)
+
+ <item>�p�G�A���b�ϥι��O Windows95 �� Windows NT �o�X�طs����
+ �@�~�t�ΡA�A���S����t�������M��Ұʨ�̭�l���A�A�u�� DOS�H
+ �o�� OS �ݰ_�ӷ|��ê���Ǫ����ާ@�w�骺�{���A���O�إߺϺЪ��{��
+ �A�u�n�b GUI ���ҤU�� DOS shell �N�|�ɭP�o�Ӱ��D�C
+ </enum>
+
+ <p>�]���L���i���� Netscape �|�ɭP�U���Ұʳn�Ъ����D�A�]���p�G�A
+ �i�H�A�̦n�ϥΧO�ؤ��P�� FTP client �C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ϩR�I�ڤ���q tape �w�ˡI</heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�q tape �w�� 2.1.7�A�A�����ΨC�� tar blocksize �O 10
+ (5120 bytes)�إ߳o�� tape�C���w�� tar blocksize �O 20(10240
+ bytes)�A�M�ӥγo�ؤ��w�j�p�إߪ� tape �L�k�ΨӦw�� 2.1.7R�F
+ �p�G�A�γo�� tapes�A�A�|�ݨ즳����ưO���Ϥj�p�L�j�����T
+ ���C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�Τ@�����p�u(PLIP)�s����x FreeBSD�C
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>��@�� laplink �u�A�T�w����q�����֤߳��䴩 lpt �X�ʵ{���C
+
+ <verb>
+ $ dmesg | grep lp
+ lpt0 at 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa
+ lpt0: Interrupt-driven port
+ lp0: TCP/IP capable interface
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�� laplink �u���J���p�ɭ��W�C
+
+ <p>�� root �����b��x�q���W�]�w lp0 �������ɭ��ѼơC�|�ҡA�p�G
+ �A�Q�� max �s�� moritz�G
+
+ <verb>
+ max <-----> moritz
+IP Address 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2
+ </verb>
+
+ max �����ӳo�˶}�l�G
+ <verb>
+ # ifconfig lp0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2
+ </verb>
+
+ moritz �h�o�ˡG
+
+ <verb>
+ # ifconfig lp0 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1
+ </verb>
+
+ <P>�n�F�I�]�ЧA�ݬ� lp(4) �M lpt(4) �� manpages�C
+
+ <P>�A�]�ӧ�o�ǥD���[�� /etc/hosts �̭��C
+
+ <verb>
+ 127.0.0.1 localhost.my.domain localhost
+ 10.0.0.1 max.my.domain max
+ 10.0.0.2 moritz.my.domain moritz
+ </verb>
+
+ <P>�ΥH�U��k�ˬd�O�_�����`�ʧ@�G
+
+ on max:
+
+<verb>
+$ ifconfig lp0
+lp0: flags=8851<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
+ inet 10.0.0.1 --> 10.0.0.2 netmask 0xff000000
+</verb>
+
+<verb>
+$ netstat -r
+Routing tables
+
+Internet:
+Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
+moritz max UH 4 127592 lp0
+</verb>
+
+<verb>
+$ ping -c 4 moritz
+PING moritz (10.0.0.2): 56 data bytes
+64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=2.774 ms
+64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.530 ms
+64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=2.556 ms
+64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=2.714 ms
+
+--- moritz ping statistics ---
+4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
+round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.530/2.643/2.774/0.103 ms
+</verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڥi�H�b�ڪ����W���q���� PLIP(Parallel Line IP)�w�˶ܡH
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�� laplink ���p�u�s����x�q���H�ϥγo�ӯS�ʡG
+
+ <verb>
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |A-name A-End B-End Descr. Port/Bit |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |DATA0 2 15 Data 0/0x01 |
+ |-ERROR 15 2 1/0x08 |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |DATA1 3 13 Data 0/0x02 |
+ |+SLCT 13 3 1/0x10 |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |DATA2 4 12 Data 0/0x04 |
+ |+PE 12 4 1/0x20 |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |DATA3 5 10 Strobe 0/0x08 |
+ |-ACK 10 5 1/0x40 |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |DATA4 6 11 Data 0/0x10 |
+ |BUSY 11 6 1/0x80 |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |GND 18-25 18-25 GND - |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�аѦ� Mobile Computing ������ <ref id="pao" name="this note">�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڸӫ��ϥΤ@�ӺϺи˸m���X��(geometry)�H
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>(�@�x�ϺЪ�"gromrtry"�A�ڭ̫����O�o�x�ϺФW cylinders, heads
+ �M sectors/track ���ƥ� - ���F��K�B�٤��� C/H/S�C�o�O PC ��
+ BIOS �Ψ�Ū/�g�ϺЪ��̾�)�C
+
+ <p>���F�Y�Dzz�ѡA�o���G�|�ɭP�ܦh�x�Z�C�����A�@�x SCSI �˸m��
+ <tt /physical/ geometry �� FreeBSD �b�ϥΪ� disk blocks �O��
+ ���L�����C�ƹ�W�A�èS���ҿ�"physical geometry"�o�تF��A�o
+ �O���Ϻо��W�ϰϱK�ת��ܤ� - �s�y�ӭn�D�O"�u�ꪺ"physical
+ geometry �q�`�O���A�L�̩ү��X���O�̤֪Ŷ��� geometry ���G�C
+ �� IDE �ϺШӻ��AFreeBSD �ϥ� C/H/S �覡�u�@�A���O�Ҧ��{�b
+ ���ϺФw�g�b�����⥦�ഫ���Ѧ� block �F�C
+
+ <p>�t�~�N�O�ҿת�<tt /logical/ geometry - �o�O�� BIOS ��"�A��
+ geometry �O����H"���ɭԡA�ұo�쪺���רåB�⥦�ΨӦs���ϺСC
+ ���}���� FreeBSD �ϥ� BIOS ��ơA���o�ӥ��T�O�۷����n���C�t�~
+ �A�p�G�A�b�P�@�ӺϺо��W���@�ӥH�W���@�~�t�ΡA�L�̥������P�N
+ grometry�A�_�h�A�b�}���ɷ|���j���D�I
+
+ <p>�� SCSI �Ϻо��ӻ��Ageometry ���ϥάO�̾a�Ұʱ���Ӥ䴩
+ extended translation (�o�q�`�٤���"��&gt;1GB DOS �Ϻо�
+ ���䴩��"�������٩I)�C�p�G���䴩�A����ϥ� N cylinders�A64
+ heads �M 32 sectors/track�A�o��'N'�O���Ϻо��� MB �e�q�C�|��
+ �ӻ��A�@�� 2GB ���Ϻо����Ӱ��]���� 2048 cylinders�A64 heads
+ �M 32 sectors/track�C
+
+ <p>�p�G���T�w<tt /�O/ ���}��(�q�`���ѳo�ؤ�k�b MSDOS �U���Y�ǭ�
+ ��)�A�åB�ϺЮe�q�W�L 1GB�A�ϥ� M cylinders, �C�� track 63 sectors
+ (*�ӫD* 64)�A�H�� 255 heads�A�o�� 'M' �O�C MB ���ϺЮe�q���H
+ 7.844238 (!)�C�ҥH�ڭ̪��o�ӽd�ҡA2G �Ϻо��N�� 261 cylinders,
+ �C�� track 63 sectors �H�� 255 heads�C
+
+ <p>�p�G�A���T�w�H�W�o�ӡA�άO FreeBSD �b�w�˹L�{���n���� geometry
+ �����T�ʮɥ��ѤF�A��²�檺�ѨM��k�q�`�O�b�ϺФW�إߤ@�Ӥp�� DOS
+ ���ΰϡC���T�� geometry ���ӯ�Q������]�ӥB�p�G�A���Q�O�d���A
+ �A�`�O�i�H�b���ΰϽs�边�̧�o�� DOS ���ΰϲ������A�άO�⥦�d�U
+ �ӡA���{���ƺ����d�ϥΩ��H�A�������Υ��^�C
+
+ <p>�t�~�A���@�ӧK�O�Ӧ��Ϊ����ε{���s ``<tt/pfdisk.exe/'' �H��
+ FreeBSD �����X�ӡ]��� FreeBSD CDROM �� <tt>tools</tt> �l�ؿ�
+ �U�άO�b�j�h�ƪ� FreeBSD ftp ���x���i���^�A�o�ӵ{���i�ΨӸ�
+ �M��X�t�@�@�~�t�Υ��b�ϥκϺо��W������ geometry�C�M��A�N�i
+ �H�b���ΰϽs�边�̭���J���C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>���ڤ��κϺо��꦳���󭭨�ܡS</heading>
+
+ <p>�O���C�A�����T�{�A�� root ���ΰϬO�b 1024 cylinders �����A��
+ BIOS �i�H�q�䤤�Ұʮ֤ߡC(�`�N�G�o�O PC �� BIOS �\�୭��A�Ӥ�
+ �O FreeBSD ���^
+
+ <p>�� SCSI �˸m�ӻ��A�o�q�`���յ� root ���ΰϱN�|�B��}�l�� 1024
+ MB(�άO�}�l�� 4096MB�A�p�G extended translation �O���}�� - ��
+ �Ѧҫe�@�`)�C�� IDE �ӻ��A�����������O 504MB�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �i�H�ϥκϺк޲z�{��(disk managers)�ܡS�άO�A�ڦ��@�ӥ��j���Ϻо��I
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �{�� Ontrack Disk Manager �åB���\�ϥΥ��A��L�� disk
+ managers �h���b�䴩���C�C
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�u�Q�b�Ϻо��W�ϥ� FreeBSD ����A�ڥ����ݭn disk manager�C
+ �u�n��Ϻг]�w�� BIOS ���쪺�̤j�Ŷ�(�q�`�O 504 megabytes)�A����
+ FreeBSD ���ӴN�i�H��X�A�ƹ�W�֦��h�֪Ŷ��C�p�G�A���ϥΤ@�� MFM
+ ����ӱ���ѺϺСA�A�i��ݭn���ժ��i�D FreeBSD �n�ϥΦh�֭�
+ cylinders�C
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�Q�b�ϺФW�ϥ� FreeBSD �M�t�@�ӧ@�~�t�ΡA�A�i�ण�ݭn
+ disk manager�G�u�n�T�w FreeBSD ���Ұʤ��ΰϸ��L�@�~�t�Ϊ�
+ slice �����}�l�� 1024 cylinders ���C�p�G�A�۷��a�p�ߡA�@��
+ 20 megabytes ���Ұʤ��ΰ����ӴN���F�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ ���ڱҰ� FreeBSD�A�ڬݨ� ``Missing Operating System''
+ <label id="missing_os">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�o�O�@�Ө嫬�����ΡA���� FreeBSD �H�� DOS �Ψ�L�b�ϺгB�z��
+ ��k�W���Ĭ� OS <ref id="geometry" name="geometry.">�C�A�ݭn
+ ���s�w�� FreeBSD�A���O�п��ӤW���Ҵ��쪺���O���ӴN�i�H�F�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڬݤ��� boot manager �� 'F?' ���ܸ��C</heading>
+
+ <p>�o�O�e�@���Ҵy�z���D���t�@�Ӽx���C�A�� BIOS geometry �M FreeBSD
+ �� geometry �]�w���ۦP�I�p�G�A������� BIOS �䴩 cylinders
+ translation (�q�`�Q�Хܦ�``&gt;1GB drive support'')�A�յۧ�o��
+ �]�w���}�M�᭫�s�w�� FreeBSD�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڦ� &gt;16MB RAM�C�o�|�ɭP������D�ܡS<label id="bigram">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�q�į઺���רӬݡA���|�CFreeBSD 2.X ���t bounce buffers�A�o���\
+ �A�� bus mastering controller �s���W�L 16MB�C(�`�N�p�G�A���ϥ�
+ ISA �˸m�o���ӬO���ݪ��A���ޤ@�өΨ�ӧ󦭪� EISA �M VLB �˸m�]�i
+ ��ݭn��)�C
+
+ <p>�]�аѦ� <ref id="reallybigram" name="&gt;64M machines">
+ �o�`�A���p�A���o��h�O����A�ΰ��ϧA�ϥ� Compaq �άO��L��B�z
+ �o��h���ΰO���骺�����C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڻݭn�w�˧��㪺��l�{��(sources)�ܡS</heading>
+
+ <p>�q�`�O���ݭn�C�M�ӡA�|�j�P��ij�A�̤֦w�� ``<tt/base/''
+ source kit�A�o�]�t�ƭӳo��²��y�z�L���ɮסA�٦� ``<tt/sys/''
+ (kernel) source kit�A�o�]�t�֤ߵ{������l�{���C�t�θ̭�����
+ �n����l�{���~��ާ@�A�M�ӡA���F kernel-configuration �{��
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?config"
+ name="config">�H�~�C�ʤ֤֮ߪ���l�{���A�ڭ̪��ؿv�[�c�O�]�w
+ �����A�i�H�q�O�B�p NFS �ӱ��W�߿W����l�{���A�]���٬O�i�H�s
+ �@�s�� binaries�C�]�]�� kernel-source ������A�ڭ̫�ij�A���n
+ �����⥦���b <tt>/usr/src</tt> �U�A�̦n�ξA�X���Ÿ��ʭ��Ƴs
+ ���� source tree ���W�h�[�c�C�^
+
+ <p>�u�W�֦� sources �ê��D�p��إߤ@�Өt�ΡA�N�|���A�b�ɯŤ���
+ FreeBSD �� releases ������e���@�I�C
+
+ <p>�n��ڪ���� sources ���@�Ӥl���X�A�b�A�b�t�Φw�ˤu�㪺
+ Distributions ���ɡA�ϥ� Custom ��涵�ءC<tt>src/install.sh</tt>
+ script �N�|�� sources distribution �������w�˶i�h�A�D�n�O��
+ �A�ǤJ���ǰѼơC
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڻݭn�إߤ@�Ӯ֤߶ܡS</heading>
+
+ <p>�إߤ@�ӷs���֤ߦb FreeBSD �w�˹L�{���O���沈�ݪ��@�ӨB�J�C
+ ���s�� releases �a�Ӥ@�ӧ�͵����֤߳]�w�u����O���n�B�C�b
+ FreeBSD �Ұʴ��ܸ�(boot:)�ɡA�ϥ� "-c" �X���A�N�|�i�J�@�ӳ]
+ �w�ù��A�o���\�A���`�� ISA �d���]�w
+
+ <p>���M��ij�A�̫�إߤ@�Ӯ֤ߡA�u�]�t�A�ݭn���X�ʵ{���A�o�O���F
+ �`�� RAM�A���O��j�h�ƪ��t�Ψӻ��o�o���O�Y�檺�n�D�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڤ��O���b����A���ڥi�H�ϥ� DES �ܡS</heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G��A�ӻ��ϥ� DES �榡���[�K�޳N���O����ݭn���A�A�i�H��
+ �� FreeBSD �����w�[�K�޳N�A��<bf/��n/ ���w���ʡA�åB�S���B�~
+ ������CFreeBSD 2.0 ���K�X�{�b�ϥΤ��w�� <bf/MD5/-based �[�H
+ �V�X�A�n�Φ۰ʯ}�ѱK�X���{���h�}�ѥ��A��_ DES �ݭn��h�� CPU
+ �j�ƩʡA���٤��\������K�X�C���餣�ϥ� <bf/MD5/-based �[�K��
+ �N���ߤ@�z�ѬO�b FreeBSD �M�D FreeBSD �t�ΤW�ϥάۦP���K�X��
+ �ءC
+
+ <p>�]�� DES �[�K�t��k����� US �X�k��X���~�A�D US �ϥΪ̤�
+ ���ӱq US FTP ���x�U���o�ӳn��(<tt/secrdist/�����@����)�C
+
+ <p>�M�ӥt�~�٦��Ӧ��Ī� libcrypt�A��l�{���򥻤W�ѿD�w��
+ David Burren �g���C�o�ӵ{���X�ثe�b�Y�ǫD US FreeBSD mirror
+ ���x�W�i�H���C�o�ӨS����� libcrypt ��l�{���A�H�ΨϥΥ�
+ �� binaries �{���A�i�H�b�H�U FTP ���x��o�G
+
+ <descrip>
+ <tag/South Africa/
+ <tt>ftp://ftp.internat.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD</tt><newline>
+ <tt>ftp://storm.sea.uct.ac.za/pub/FreeBSD</tt>
+
+ <tag/Brazil/
+ <tt>ftp://ftp.iqm.unicamp.br/pub/FreeBSD</tt>
+
+ <tag/Finland/
+ <tt>ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/unix/FreeBSD/eurocrypt</tt>
+ </descrip>
+
+ <p>�D US �� <tt/securedist/ �i�H������� US <tt/securedist/
+ ���������N�C�o�� <tt/securedist/ package �w�ˤ�k�� US
+ package �����@��(�� �аѦҦw�˶���)�C�p�G�A�n�� DES �[�K�k
+ �A�b�A�˨�L�n��e�A�A���Ӻɧ֧�L�ӡC�b�A�˨�L�n�餧�e�C
+
+ <p>�D US �ϥΪ̽Фűq USA �U������[�K�n��C�o�|�ɭP���x���޲z
+ �̦]���Q�U�����n��S�W�ƭӪk�ߩʪ��x���C
+
+ <p>�@�ӫD US �� Kerberos distribution �祿�b�o�i���A�{�檩���q
+ �i�ѰΦW FTP <tt>braae.ru.ac.za</tt> ����o�C
+
+ <p>�]���@�� <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> �M���ΨӰQ��
+ �D US �[�K�n��C����o��h��T�A�H�@�ʤ��t��W�@��T����
+ ``<tt/help/'' �� email ���G
+
+ <tt>&lt;majordomo@braae.ru.ac.za&gt;</tt>.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �Ұʳn�ж}�lŪ�F�i�O�o���b``Probing Devices...''�ù��C
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�w�ˤF IDE Zip �� Jaz �˸m�A�������í��s�դ@�M�C
+ �Ұʳn�Ф��i��|�Q�o�Ǹ˸m�V�c�F�C���t�Φw�˦n�H��A�i�H�A
+ �⥦���^�ӡC�Ʊ�o�b���᪺ release �����i�H�Q�ץ��C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>���ڦw�˦n���s�Ұʨt�Ϋ�A�ڬݨ�``panic: cant mount root''
+ �����~�T���C
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�o�ӿ��~�զ]���Ұʰ϶���֤ߵ{����Ϻи˸m���{�����ۦP�C�q �o��
+ ���~�|�X�{�b���ϺЪ� IDE �t�ΡA�w�бƦC�b master�A�άO�b������
+ IDE �t�ΤW����@�ӺϺо��C���֤߫��w�ĤG�ӺϺб�����Ĥ@�ӺϺ�
+ �� wd2 �ɡA�Ұ� block �o�{���t�θ˦b wd1(�ĤG�� BIOS �Ϻо�)�C
+ �b�����˸m�ɡA�֤ߵ{���յۧ�Ұ� block �{�����ҰʺϺ�(wd1) mount
+ �_�ӡA�ƹ�W�o�O wd2�A�ҥH���ѤF�C
+
+ <p>�n�ץ��o�Ӱ��D�A���H�U�X�ؤ�k���@�G
+
+ <enum>
+ <item>�� Boot: ���ܸ��X�{�ɡA��J�G <tt>1:wd(2,a)kernel</tt>
+ �M��� Enter�C�p�G�t�ζ}�l�F�A�N����H�U�R�O�G
+<verb>
+echo "1:wd(2,a)kernel" > /boot.config
+</verb>
+ �����ܦ����w�� boot string�C
+ <item>�� FreeBSD �Ϻо����� primary IDE controller�A�]���w�о��O
+ �s�򪺡C
+ <item><url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" name="Rebuild your kernel,">
+ �ק靈�� wd �]�w����ơG
+
+<verb>
+controller wdc0 at isa? port "IO_WD1" bio irq 14 vector wdintr
+disk wd0 at wdc0 drive 0
+# disk wd1 at wdc0 drive 1 # comment out this line
+
+controller wdc1 at isa? port "IO_WD2" bio irq 15 vector wdintr
+disk wd1 at wdc1 drive 0 # change from wd2 to wd1
+disk wd2 at wdc1 drive 1 # change from wd3 to wd2
+</verb>
+
+ �w�˷s���֤ߵ{���C
+ �p�G�A���ʧA���Ϻо��A�çƱ����e���]�w��_�A�u�n��ϺХιw��
+ ���]�w�m���^�ӵM�᭫�s�}���C�A���t�����ӴN�ন�\���ҰʡC
+ </enum>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�O���骺����O����S</heading>
+
+ <p>��O����ӻ��A(�z�פW)����O 4 gigabytes�C1 gigabytes �w�Q����
+ �L�F�@��A���i��R��i�H�䴩�W�L�o�Ӽƥت� i386 PC�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>ffs �ɮרt�Ϊ�����O����S</heading>
+
+ <p>�� ffs filesystems �Ө��A�̤j�z�׭ȭ���b 8 terabytes(2G blocks
+ )�A�η��ϥΤ��w block�j�p�ɡA����O 16TB�C�٦��A�n�魭��O 1
+ terabytes�A���p�G�O�g�L�ק諸�ɮרt�ΤW 4 terabytes �O�i��(�åB
+ �s�b)���C
+
+ <p>��@ ffs �ɮת��j�p�̤j�O�ͪ� 1G blocks(4TB) - ���p block �j�p�O
+ 4K�C
+
+The maximum size of a single ffs file is approximately 1G blocks
+ (4TB) if the block size is 4K.
+
+ <verb>
+ maxfilesize
+ ----------------------------------
+ 2.2.7 3.0
+fs block size -stable -current works should-work
+------------- ------- -------- ----- -----------
+4K 4T-1 4T-1 4T-1 4+T
+8K 32+G 8T-1 32+G 16T-1
+16K 128+G 16T-1 128+G 32T-1
+32K 512+G 32T-1 512+G 64T-1
+64K 2048+G 64T-1 2048+G 128T-1
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�� fs block �j�p�O 4K�Atriple indirect block �B�@�åB�Ҧ����Ʊ�
+ �����ӥH���ܦ��ϥ� triple indirect block ���̤j fs block �ӧ@��
+ ��(����� 1K^3 + 1K^2 + 1K)�A���b fs block �ƥؤW�o���@��(���~)
+ �� 1G-1 ����C�� fs block �ƥت��������ӬO 2G-1�C�b fs block
+ �ƥر��� 2G-1 �ɦ��I���~�A���� fs block �j�p�O 4K �ɳo�� block
+ �ƥجO����F�쪺�C
+
+ <p>block �j�p�p�G�O 8K �Χ�j�Afs block �ƥ����ӭ���b 2G-1�A����
+ �� fs block �ƥثo����b 1G-1�A���F�b -stable �� triple indirect
+ blocks �O�L�k�F�쪺�A�ҥH�̦h fs block �ƥت�����i�H���ܦ���
+ double indirect blocks(�����(blocksize/4)^2 + (blocksize/4))
+ �A�B�b -current �U�W�L�o�ӭ���i��|�ɭP���D���͡C�ϥΥ��T��
+ 2G-1 block ����T�|�ɭP���D�o�͡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڸӫ��b�n�ФW��J 1TB �ɮסH</heading>
+
+ <p>�ڦۤv�N�b�n�Ф��W��n�X�� :-)�C�ɮת��̤j�e�q�ƹ�W��Ϻг̤j
+ ���e�q�èS���K�������C�ϺЪ��̤j�e�q�O 1TB�A�o�O�@���ɮפj�p�i
+ �H�W�L�ϺЮe�q���@�ӯS��C
+
+ <p>�H�U�d�ҷ|�b�p�p�� root ���ΰϫإߤ@�Өϥξ�ӺϺЪ� 32K �Ŷ�
+ �A�j�p�O 8T-1 ���ɮ�(3 indirect blocks and 1 data block)�Cdd
+ ���O�ݭn�� dd ��b�@�Ӥj�ɮפU����C
+
+<verb>
+ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> cat foo
+df .
+dd if=/dev/zero of=z bs=1 seek=`echo 2^43 - 2 | bc` count=1
+ls -l z
+du z
+df .
+ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> sh foo
+Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
+/dev/sd0a 64479 27702 31619 47% /
+1+0 records in
+1+0 records out
+1 bytes transferred in 0.000187 secs (5346 bytes/sec)
+-rw-r--r-- 1 bde bin 8796093022207 Sep 7 16:04 z
+32 z
+Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
+/dev/sd0a 64479 27734 31587 47% /
+ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> exit
+</verb>
+
+<p>Bruce Evans, September 1998
+ </sect>
+
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml b/zh/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b11845984
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<!-- $Id: kernelconfig.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.2 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>�֤߳]�w<label id="kernelconfig"></heading>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڷQ�ۭq�֤ߵ{���A�o�|�ܧx���ܡH
+ <label id="make-kernel">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>���|�I�Ьd�\ <url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html"
+ name="kernel config section of the Handbook">.
+
+ <p><bf/�`�N�G/�ڷ|��ij�A�b�A���֤߯ॿ�`�u�@��A���@��
+ <tt/kernel.YYMMDD/����Φ����ƥ��A�o�ˤU���p�G�A�ܤ��������a
+ �F�]�w�A�ܤ֥i�H���ݭn�ϥγ̭�l��<tt/kernel.GENERIC/�C���p�A
+ ���q�@�ӨS���b GENERIC kernel �̭��䴩������̱ҰʡA�o��o�S
+ �O���n(�S���A�o�O���̪��g��)�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڪ��֤ߦ]��<tt/&lowbar;hw&lowbar;float/�򥢦ӽsĶ���ѡC
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>���ڲq�ݬݡA�A��<htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?npx(4)" name="npx0">�q�A
+ ���֤߳]�w�ɲ����F�A�]���A�S���ƾǹB�⾹�A��ܡH���F�I:-) �o��
+ <tt/npx0/�O<bf/�����n����/�C�N��A�S���ƾǹB�⾹�A�A��<bf/����/
+ �ޤJ<tt/npx0/�˸m�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�h����ǦC�X�����_�Ĭ�C</heading>
+
+ <p><bf/Q./ ���ڽsĶ�@�Ӧh����ǦC�X���֤߮ɡA���i�D�ڥu���Ĥ@�ӳQ��
+ ����A��L���h�]���_�Ĭ�Ӹ��L�F�A�ڸӫ��ץ����H
+
+ <p><bf/A./ �o�Ӱ��D�O�]�� FreeBSD �ϥΤ��ص{���X�קK�]���w��γn���
+ ��ɭP�֤ߵ{���L��Τj�εL�ΡC�n�ץ��o�ر��Ϊ���k�O���F�@�Ӱ�~��
+ ��L�Ҧ��� IRQ �]�w�����O�d�C�o�̦��@�ӽd�ҡG
+
+ <verb>
+ #
+ # Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS
+ #
+ device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr
+ device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
+ device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
+ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڸӫ��Ұ� QIC-40/80 ���䴩�H</heading>
+
+ <p>�A�ݭn�b�@��]�w�ɤ���H�U�o�檺���Ѩ���(�άO�⥦�[��A���]�w��
+ )�A�b<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdc(4)"
+ name="fdc">�o��[�J``<tt/flags 0x1/''�M�᭫�s�sĶ�֤ߡC
+
+ <verb>
+controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 flags 0x1 vector fdintr
+disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 ^^^^^^^^^
+disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
+#tape ft0 at fdc0 drive 2
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>���ۡA�A�i�H�b<tt>/dev</tt>�إߤ@�ӥs<tt>/dev/ft0</tt>���˸m
+ �M�����H�U�R�O�G
+
+ <verb>
+ sh ./MAKEDEV ft0
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�O���Ĥ@�Ӹ˸m�ϥΡC�P�z<tt/ft1/�O�ĤG�ӡA�H�������C
+
+ <p>�A�N�|���ӥs<tt>/dev/ft0</tt>���˸m�A�i�H�z�L�@�ӯS�����{���s
+ ``<tt/ft/''���Ӻ޲z�� - �Ь�<htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ft" name="ft">
+ �� man page ����i�@�B�����C
+
+ <p>������<tt/-current/�����t�Φb�B�z�a���ϱa�C��ɦ��ǰ��D�A�p�G�A
+ ��<tt/ft/���G�@����b�P�@�Ӱ�A���ձq<tt/-current/�̪�
+ <tt>/usr/src/sbin/ft</tt>��X�̷s����<tt/ft/�åB�լݬݡC
+
+ </sect>
+
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/misc.sgml b/zh/FAQ/misc.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f9ac79e5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/misc.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+<!-- $Id: misc.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by zmx@mail.CDPA.nsysu.edu.tw -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.8 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>�䥦�U���U�˪����D<label id="misc"></heading>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ ���ƻ� FreeBSD �Ϊ� swap �Ŷ��� Linux �h?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>���O�o�˪�. �p�G�A���N��O: ``���ƻ�ڪ� swap �ݰ_�Ӻ��F?''
+ ���O�]����F���b swap �̫᮳�^�Ӫ��t�׷|�� pager �g���ɮרt
+ �ή��^(���ק�)������X��.
+
+
+ <p>�ƹ�W, �O���餤 dirty pages ���q�å����; clean pages �h�b��
+ �n���ɫᲾ��.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ ���ƻ�n��(�ƻ�O) a.out �M ELF �����ɮ榡?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�n�F�Ѭ��ƻ� FreeBSD �ϥ� <tt>a.out</tt> �榡, �����A�n���D�@��
+ �ثe Unix ���ϥγ̼s�x���T�خ榡:
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)"
+ name="a.out">
+
+ <p>�̦��M`�j��'�� unix �ت��ɮ榡. �ϥΤ@�صu�Ӻ�K�����Y,
+ ���H�@�ӳq�`�Ψӿ�{�榡���]�N�Ʀr(�Ѧ�
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)"
+ name="a.out(5)"> ����h�Ӹ`). �㦳�T�Ӹ`��: .text, .data, �M .bss
+ �[�W�@�ӲŸ����M�r���.
+
+ <item><bf>COFF</bf>
+ <p>SVR3 �ت��ɮ榡. ���Y�]�t�F�@�Ӹ`�Ϫ�, �ҥH�i�H��Ƥ�
+ .text, .data, .bss �٦h���`��.</item>
+
+ <item><bf>ELF</bf>
+ <p><tt/COFF/ �����~��, �㦳�h�Ӹ`�ϥH�� 32-bit �� 64-bit ��
+ possible values. �D�n�����I:<tt/ELF/ �O�b�C�Өt�ά[�c�u
+ �|���@�� ABI �����]�U�]�p�X�Ӫ�. �ƹ�W�o�Ӱ��]��������,
+ �Y�ϬO�ӷ~�� SYSV �@��, �]�ܤ֦� SVR4, Solaris, SCO �T�� ABI.
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �ǥѤ@�Ӥu��, ��{���ݭn���� ABI ����T <em>�O�L</em>
+ �b <tt/ELF/ �����ɤW.
+ �Ѧ� man page
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?brandelf"
+ name="brandelf"> ���o��h��T.
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �Ӧ� "�j��" �}��, �DzΤW���ϥ�
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)"
+ name="a.out"> �榡, �o�O�b�n�X�N�� BSD ���ҩ��i�a���p�N.
+ ���M�i�H�b FreeBSD �W�i�H�إߥH�ΰ����ͪ� <tt/ELF/ ������(
+ �H�ή֤�), ��}�l FreeBSD �Ϲ��ഫ��H <tt/ELF/ �����w�]��
+ �榡. ���ƻ�? ��. �� Linux �}�l�h�W�a�ഫ�� <tt/ELF/, �ëD�]��
+ �n�k�� <tt/a.out/ �榡, �ӬO�]���L�̨S���u�ʪ�, �H���D������¦
+ ���@�ɵ{���w����. ���O�@�ثD�`���H�ϥ�, �o�i�̤����w���F��. �J
+ �M�w�g�s�b�� <tt/ELF/ �u�㴣�ѤF�@�ɵ{���w���ѨM���, �ӥB�ݨ�
+ �O "�e�ê���k", �һݪ��N���N�i�����]���ഫ.
+
+ <p>�b FreeBSD �����p��, �ڭ̪��@�ɵ{���w����󱵪� <tt>SunOS</tt> ��
+ ����, �]�N�O, ����ϥ�.
+ �M��, �q 3.0 �}�l, FreeBSD �����䴩 <tt/ELF/ ���w�]�榡. �Y��
+ <tt/a.out/ �榡���M�D�`�n, �ڭ̽sĶ�u�㪺���g��, GNU ������,
+ �w����F��, <tt/a.out/ �榡���䴩. �o���ϧڭ̺��@�t�@��������
+ compiler �M linker, �]�ϱo�ڭ̤���q�̷s�� GNU �o�i���G����o
+ �n�B. ���~�� ISO-C++ ���ݨD, �ר�O�غc�̩M�Ѻc��, �]�a�ʥ���
+ �������� <tt/ELF/ ����ͤ䴩.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�n�a, �����ƻ�|���o��h�ؤ��P���榡?</heading>
+
+ <p>�b�·t���L�h, �u��²�檺�w��. ²�檺�w��䴩�p���B²�檺�t��.
+ a.out �b²�檺�t�ΤW�ӥ��r�� (PDP-11). �� unix ���Ө��L���x��,
+ a.out �O�d�F�U��, �]���玲���� Motorola 68K, VAX �������[�c�w�g
+ ���ΤF.
+
+ <p>�M�ᦳ�ǵw��u�{�vı�o���n��h���I��, �� CPU ���q����N���
+ �@�I�Ӷ]�����. �n�b�o�طs���w��W�u�@(�{�b�٬�RISC), <tt/a.out �N
+ ���A�X�F, �ҥH�ݦh���榡�N�o�i�X�ӥH���Ѥ�����B²�檺<tt/a.out ��
+ �n���į�. ���O <tt/COFF/, <tt/ECOFF/, �H�Τ@�Ǥ����W���榡, �C�@��
+ ��������� <tt/ELF/.
+
+ <p>���~, ���{���V�ӶV�j��Ϻ�(�H�ΥD�O����)�۹�ӻ����p��, �@��
+ �{���w�������N�o�i�X�ӤF. �����O����t�Τ]�ܱo�V�ӶV�륩. ���C�@
+ �ضi�B���b <tt/a.out/ �W������, �����i�Ωʤ]�V�ӶV�C. �t�~, �H��
+ �٦��b����ɴ��i�H�ʺA���J, �άO������L����l�Ƶ{���H�`�ٰO��
+ ��. �{���y���]�ܱo��륩�ӥB�H�̷Q�n�b�b main ���e����O���{���X
+ . �\�h�c�����ޥ��Φb <tt/a.out/ �W�H�ѨM�o�ǰ��D. <tt/a.out/ �n
+ �ѨM�o�ǰ��D�ݭn�V�ӶV�h�B�~���t��M������. �� <tt/ELF/ ��������
+ �M�o�ǰ��D, �q�򥻤W�i�H�u�@���t���ഫ�o�ܵh�W. �ҥH<tt/ELF/ �n
+ ������@ <tt/a.out/ ���ഫ�� <tt/ELF/ �ٵh�W.
+
+ <p>�M��, �H�ۮɶ��L�h, FreeBSD �� build tools �Φ��F���檺���
+ (�ר�O��Ķ���M loader). FreeBSD �o��[�i�F�@�ɵ{���w�H�έץ�
+ �F�@�ǿ��~. GNU ��Ӽ��g�o�ǵ{�����H�h���g�F�o�ǵ{��, �å[�J�F
+ ���󥭥x�sĶ, ���P�榡�Ҳդ������F���²�檺�䴩. �\�h�H�Q�n
+ ���X�H FreeBSD ���ت����x���󥭥x�sĶ��, �������O FreeBSD �� as
+ �M ld ���వ�o���u�@. �s�� GNU �u��(binutils) �[�J�F�󥭥x�sĶ�B
+ <tt/ELF/�B�@�ɵ{���w�BC++ �X�R, ����. ���~, �\�h�t�ӥH <tt/ELF/ ��
+ ���o�沣�~, �ӯ���b FreeBSD �W�]���ܷ��M�ܦn. �ӥB�p�G��] <tt/ELF/
+ �榡��������, ���ƻ��٭n�z <tt/a.out/ ? �e�O�@�ǤS�֤S�Ѫ���, �L
+ �h�D�`����, ���O�ɫ����e�h��F.
+
+ <p><tt/ELF/ �� a.out ���������F�O(expressive?)�ӥB�㦳��h��
+ �X�R��. <tt/ELF/ �u����@������n, �ӥB���Ѹ󥭥x�sĶ���䴩,
+ �o��\�h�H�ӻ��O�ܭ��n��. <tt/ELF/ �i��� a.out �C�@�I, ���t��
+ �D�`�����q�X��. �o��̤����٦��\�h�Ӹ`�W�����P, �Ҧp����������
+ �覡, ��l�Ƶ{���X���@�k����. �o�Ǩä��O�ܭ��n, ���N�O���P. �b
+ �H�� GENERIC �֤ߤ��|��D <tt/a.out/ , �����b������Dz� <tt/a.out/
+ �{�����ݭn��, �|�q�֤߲���.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>���ƻ� chmod ���|���ܲŸ��s��(symlink)���s���v��?</heading>
+
+ <p>�A������ ``<tt/-H/'' �άO ``<tt/-L/'' �P ``<tt/-R/'' �ﶵ�@�_�ϥ�.
+ �Ѧ�<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod"
+ name="chmod">
+ ��<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?symlink"
+ name="symlink"> man pages �H���o��h��T.
+
+ <p><bf/ĵ�i/ ``<tt/-R/'' �ﶵ�|�� <tt/chmod/ ��<bf/���j/. ���w�ؿ�
+ �άO�s����ؿ��� symlink �ɭn�p��. �p�G�A�n���ܤ@�ӲŸ��s���ѦҨ�
+ ���ؿ����s���v��, �ϥ� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" name="chmod"> �B���n
+ �[����ﶵ, �åB�b symlink �������[�W�׽u(``<tt>/</tt>''). �|�Ҩӻ�
+ , �p�G ``<tt/foo/'' �s���� ``<tt/bar/'', �ӧA�n��� ``<tt/foo/'' ��
+ �v�� (�ƹ�W�O ``<tt/bar/''), ���N��:
+
+
+ <verb>
+ chmod 555 foo/
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�̷ӵ������׽u, <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" name="chmod"> �|
+ �g�L�s�� ``<tt/foo/'', �ӧ��� ``<tt/bar/'' �ؿ����v��.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ ���ƻ�b�� <bf/���M/ ����K�Ӧr��?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�A�|�{���ק� <bf/UT_NAMESIZE/ �M�᭫�بt�άO��²�檺�Ʊ�, �ӥB
+ �C��Ƴ��i�H�B���a�ܦn. �������O���\�h���{���M�u��(�]�t�t�Τu��)
+ ��Ʀr�g���b�{����(�ëD�`�O 8 �� 9, ���ɬO�j�Ǫ��p 15 �M 20).
+ �o���u�|��A���O���ɧ��a(�Ӧ۩��ܰʪ��שM�T�w���װO�����t��), �]
+ �|�}�a Sun �� NIS �Ȥ�ݪ��B��, �M�䥦 UNIX �t�Ϊ����ۼv�T�]�i��
+ ����b�����D.
+
+ <p>�b FreeBSD 3.0 �H�Τ��᪺����, �b�����̤j���׼W�[��16�Ӧr��,
+ �Ө��Ǽg�����ת��{���]��X�ӭץ�. �v�T��t�Φp���h�������O����
+ 3.0 �~���ק諸��].</p>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A���۫H�b�X���D���ɫ��ۦ�ѨM, �A�i�H�ΤU������k��������
+ �����䴩�������b��. �ק� /usr/include/utmp.h ���� UT_NAMESIZE. �A�]
+ ������ /usr/include/sys/param.h ���� MAXLOGNAME �令�� UT_NAMESIZE
+ �۲�. �̫�, �p�G�A�O�q��l�{���إߨt��, �O�ѤF /usr/include �C����
+ �|��s! �ק� /usr/src/.. ���A�����ɮ�. </p>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�گ�b FreeBSD �U�] DOS �{����?</heading>
+
+ <p>�O��, �q 3.0 ���}�l�i�H�ϥΤw�g��X�å[�j�� BSDI <tt/rundos/
+ DOS ������. �p�G�A�̳o�ӪF�観����, �e�ʫH��
+ <url url="mailto:freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org"
+ name="The FreeBSD emulation discussion list">
+
+ <p>�� 3.0 ���e���t��, �b port �����@�ӷ��Ϊ��u��{��
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^pcemu" name="pcemu">
+ �i�H���� 8088 �M������ BIOS �A�ȥH���� DOS ��r�Ҧ��{��. �����n X Window
+ System (�� XFree86 ����).
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ƻ�O ``<tt/sup/'', �p��ϥ�?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^sup" name="SUP">
+ �N��O Software Update Protocol, �� CMU �o�i�H�����o�i���P�B.
+ �ڭ̧Q�ΥL�ӫO�����ݪ����x�M��l���x�P�B.
+
+ <p>SUP ���W�e���ϥΤ��͵�, �ӥB�w���F. �ثe��ij������l�X��s����k�O
+ <url url="../handbook/cvsup.html" name="Handbook entry on CVSup">
+
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>How cool is FreeBSD?</heading>
+
+ <p>��: ���H���L FreeBSD ����ɪ��ū״��ն�? �ڪ��D Linux �� DOS �D,
+ ���Sť�H���L FreeBSD. ���G�ܼ�.
+
+ <p>A. No, but we have done numerous taste tests on blindfolded
+ volunteers who have also had 250 micrograms of LSD-25
+ administered beforehand. 35% of the volunteers said that FreeBSD
+ tasted sort of orange, whereas Linux tasted like purple haze.
+ Neither group mentioned any particular variances in temperature
+ that I can remember. We eventually had to throw the results of
+ this survey out entirely anyway when we found that too many
+ volunteers were wandering out of the room during the tests, thus
+ skewing the results. I think most of the volunteers are at Apple
+ now, working on their new ``scratch and sniff'' GUI. It's a
+ funny old business we're in!
+
+ <p>���}�����F, FreeBSD �M Linux ���ϥ� ``<tt/HLT/'' (hald) ���O
+ �H�b�t�ζ��m�ɭ��C�q�O���ϥΤ]��֤F��������. �p�G���]�w APM
+ (automatic power management), FreeBSD �]�i�H�� CPU �i�J�C�q�O
+ �Ҧ�.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�֦b�ڪ��O���鴡�Ѥ��F�F�@�T??</heading>
+
+ <p>��: FreeBSD �sĶ�֤߮ɦ����ƻ� "�_�S" �������OĶ��F�F�@�T��?
+ ���sĶ��(�٦��}���ɽT�{�n�Ы᪺�u�Ȯɶ�), �]�ئ��G�Ӧ۰O���鴡��
+ ���_���n��.
+
+ <p>��; �O��! �b BSD ����󤤧A�|�`�`�ݨ� ``�I���F'', �j�������H
+ �������D���O�@�ع�ڦs�b���믫�� --- �x���ۧA���q��. �Ať�쪺�n��
+ �O�o�ǭI���F�H�����f��b���q��˰��\�h���t�κ޲z�u�@.
+
+ <p>�p�G�o���n���ܧx�Z�A, �Ӧ� DOS �� ``<tt>fdisk /mbr</tt>'' �N
+ ���\��, ���p�G���ۤϪ��ĪG�]���n��Y. �ƹ�W, �p�G�b������ť��
+ Bill Gates ���ƪ��n���q���ت���z�Ǩ�, ���W�k�ӥB���n�^�Y!
+ �q BSD �I���F�����Ū��v�T���ѩ�, DOS �M Windows �I���F�q�`����
+ ���s�����x�����ù�A���F��A�G. �p�G�����, �ڷQ�ڹ��@�ߺD�_
+ �Ǫ��n��.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>MFC �O�ƻ�N��?</heading>
+
+ <p>MFC �O 'Merged From -CURRENT' ���Y�g. �ϥΦb CVS �O�����H
+ ���ܱq CURRENT ����X�i STABLE ���䪺����.
+
+ </sect>
+
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/network.sgml b/zh/FAQ/network.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8cbbaa5ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/network.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,1158 @@
+<!-- $Id: network.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by wing@cc.nsysu.edu.tw -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.18 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>Networking<label id="networking"></heading>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�����Ө����䦳���L�Ϻж}�� (diskless booting) �����?</heading>
+
+ <p>�L�Ϻж}���N�O�� FreeBSD �D���q�����W�}��,�åB�q�����W�� server �WŪ��
+ ��L���n���ɮ�,�ӫD�ѥD�����w�ФW���o�o���ɮסC �ԲӪ���ƥi�H�Ѧ�
+ its hard disk. For full details, please read
+ <url url="../handbook/diskless.html"
+ name="FreeBSD ��U���L�Ϻж}���g">
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ FreeBSD ���D���i�H���@�Y�Ӻ����W�����Ѿ� (router) �� ?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�ѩ���ں������зǤƩM�{���]�p���R���g�礧��,�ڭ�
+ ����b FreeBSD �t�Τ��ثʥ]��� (packet fowarding) ���\��C�A�i�H
+ �N�o�ӥ\�ॴ�},�u�n�N�o���ܼƳ]�w��
+ <tt/YES/ �b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf"
+ name="rc.conf">�o���ɮפ�
+
+ <verb>
+ gateway_enable=YES # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�ӿﶵ�|�N <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysctl" name="sysctl"> �ܼƳ]�w
+ <tt/net.inet.ip.forwarding/ �� <tt/1/.
+
+ <p>�b�j���������p�U, �A�٥����A�]�@�ӳB�z routing ���{��,�i�D�����W����L
+ �D������A�� router �]�w�����; FreeBSD
+ �X�t�ɫK�����@�ӼзǪ� BSD routing �{��
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?routed"
+ name="routed">, �p�G�A�������]�w�󬰽���,�A�i�H�ոլ�
+ <em/GaTeD/ (�i�H�H FTP �覡�� <tt/ftp.gated.Merit.EDU/ �U��)
+ �o�ӵ{���� 3_5Alpha7 ��䴩 FreeBSD .
+
+ <p>�ڭ̦����n�i�D�A,�N��O FreeBSD �H�o�ؤ覡�]�w����
+ , ���٬O�L�k�������� Internet �� router ���зǩw�q
+ ;���L, �N��`�ϥΦӨ����w�g�������I�ϥΪ̪��ݨD�F�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڥi�H�z�L FreeBSD �N�ڪ� Win95 �����s�W Internet ��?</heading>
+
+ <p>�򥻤W, �|�ݳo�ذ��D���H�b�a�̦ܤ֦���x�q��, �@�x�] FreeBSD
+ �t�~�@�x�] Win95; �o�ӥD�N�O�N FreeBSD �D���s�W Internet
+ ,�M��z�L�o�x FreeBSD �D��,���] Win95 ���q������W���C
+ �o�Ӱ��D��O�e�@�Ӱ��D���@�ӯS�ҡC
+
+ <p>�o�䦳���n�����,�ЧA���� FreeBSD ���D���]�w��
+ <url url="http://www.ssimicro.com/~jeremyc/ppp.html"
+ name="PPP Dialup Router">
+
+ <p><bf/�`�N:/ �b�o�ت��p�U�A�ܤ֭n����ӥH�W���T�w IP addresses
+ , ���ɬO�T�ӥH�W�Χ�h�� IP �P�ɨϥ�, ���A���ݨD�өw�C
+ �p�G�A�S���T�w�� IP �i�H�ϥ�,�A�i�H�Ҽ{�ϥ� private IP
+ �l����,�æw�� <bf/proxies/ �Ҧp
+ <url url="http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/" name="SQUID"> �άO
+ <url url="http://www.tis.com/" name="the TIS firewall toolkit">
+ �b�A�� FreeBSD �D���W�C
+
+ <p>�t�~�i�H�Ѧ� <ref id="natd">.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ ������ڦb compile ISC �̷s���� BIND �{���ɦѬO����?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�b ``<tt/cdefs.h/'' �ɮפ����w�q�P FreeBSD �t�Τ�����
+ ���ɮשw�q���ҽĬ�C������
+ <tt>compat/include/sys/cdefs.h</tt> �屼�N�i�H�F�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 SLIP �M PPP ��?</heading>
+
+ <p>�O���C �A�i�H�d�d man pages ������
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach"
+ name="slattach">, <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin" name="sliplogin">,
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppd" name="pppd"> �H��
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> ������.
+ <tt/pppd/ �M <tt/ppp/ �����Ѽ��i�μ��X���\��C
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin"
+ name="Sliplogin"> �M���B�z�������J���\��,��
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach"
+ name="slattach"> �B�z�������X���\��C
+
+ <p>�o�ǵ{�����ԲӪ�����,�A�i�H�b
+ <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="handbook">�����:
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item><url url="../handbook/slips.html"
+ name="SLIP (server ��) ������">
+
+ <item><url url="../handbook/slipc.html"
+ name="SLIP (client ��) ������">
+
+ <item><url url="../handbook/ppp.html"
+ name="PPP (kernel �Ҧ�) ������">
+
+ <item><url url="../handbook/userppp.html"
+ name="PPP (�ϥΪ̼Ҧ�) ������">
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�u���ǥ�"shell account"���覡�W������,
+ �A�i��|�Q�ݬ� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^slirp" name="slirp">
+ �o�ӳn��C ���i�H���A���q�������s�W (�Y��) �A��,
+ �Ҧp ftp �M http �����C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ FreeBSD �䴩 NAT �� Masquerading ��?<label id="natd">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A���@�Ӫ�ݪ��l����(���@�x�H�W������), ���O�A�� Internet provider
+ �o�u���t�@�� IP number ���A
+ (�Ϊ̧A�u���t��@�ӰʺA�� IP number), �A�i�H�Ѧ�
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?natd" name="natd">
+ �o�ӵ{���C <tt/Natd/ ���A�i�H�z�L�o�@�� IP number ����Ӥl�������q������
+ �s�W internet �C
+
+ <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp"
+ name="ppp"> �o�ӵ{���]�����������\�� , �p�G�A�U
+ <tt/-alias/ �o�ӿﶵ���ܡC <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias" name="alias library">
+ �b�o��ӳB�z�覡�����|�Q�ϥΨ�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڤ���ϥ� ppp ,�ڰ����F����� ?<label id="userppp">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�A���ӥ��ݬ� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp man page"> �M
+ <url url="../handbook/userppp.html"
+ name="ppp �ϥλ���">. �ϥΥH�U���O�ӥ��}�O�� (logging) ���\��
+
+ <verb>
+ set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�өR�O�i�H�b <bf/ppp/ command prompt �Ϊ̬O�b
+ <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</tt> �պA�ɮפ��[�J�C
+ (�[�b <bf>default</bf> section ���}�Y�̦n).
+ �T�w�b <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?syslog.conf"
+ name="/etc/syslog.conf"> �̭����o��@��:
+
+ <verb>
+ !ppp
+ *.* /var/log/ppp.log
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�ӥB<tt>/var/log/ppp.log</tt> �o���ɮצs�b�C �p���@��
+ �A�i�H�q log �ɮפ����D�쩳�o�ͤF����Ʊ��C
+ �����ξ���ɮת����e�A�ݤ���, �p�G�A�n�V�H�D�Ϫ���
+ , �ϧA���H�|�ݱo�����C
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�t�ΤW������ ppp ������ "set log"
+ �����O����, �A���ӥh�U��
+ <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~brian" name="�̷s����">.
+ �o�Ӫ����b FreeBSD 2.1.5 �H�W���������i�H�ϥΡC
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>�ڤ@���� ppp ,���N���b���䤣�ʤF</heading>
+
+ <p>�|�o�ͳo�ر��γq�`�O�A�� hostname �S����k�ѥX�ӡC �ѨM�o�Ӱ��D
+ �̦n����k�O�T�w <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> �|�Q�A�� resolver �Ĥ@�ӰѦҨ�C
+ �A�i�H�ק�<tt>/etc/host.conf</tt>
+ �åB��<tt>hosts</tt> ���̫e��. ����, �u�n��A�������W�٩��
+ <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> �̭��N�i�H�F�C �p�G�A�S��
+ local network ����, �ק� <tt>localhost</tt> �o�@��:
+
+ <verb>
+127.0.0.1 foo.bar.com foo localhost
+ </verb>
+
+ �_�h, �N��A�D������T�[�J�ɮפ��C �A�i�H�Ѧ�
+ ������ man pages �H��o�i�@�B����T�C
+ <p>�p�G�A���Q�������o�ǰʧ@, �A���ӥi�H���\������ <tt>ping -c1 `hostname`</tt>
+ .
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>Ppp �b -auto �Ҧ��U���༷��</heading>
+
+ <p>�����T�w�A�����w���� (default route) �O�_���]�w�C �U <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat">
+ name="netstat -rn"> �o�ӫ��O, �A���ӯ���ݨ�p�H�U�d�Ҫ���� entries :
+
+ <verb>
+Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
+default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0
+10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 UH 0 0 tun0
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>This is assuming that you've used the addresses from the
+ handbook, the man page or from the ppp.conf.sample file.
+ If you haven't got a default route, it may be because you're
+ running an old version of <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp"
+ name="ppp"> that doesn't understand the
+ word <tt/HISADDR/ in the ppp.conf file. If your version of
+ <bf/ppp/ is from before FreeBSD 2.2.5, change the
+
+ <verb>
+ add 0 0 HISADDR
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>line to one saying
+
+ <verb>
+ add 0 0 10.0.0.2
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>Another reason for the default route line being missing is that
+ you have mistakenly set up a default router in your
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf"
+ name="/etc/rc.conf"> file (this file was called
+ <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> prior to release 2.2.2), and you have
+ omitted the line saying
+
+ <verb>
+ delete ALL
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>from <tt>ppp.conf</tt>. If this is the case, go back to the
+ <url url="../handbook/userppp:final.html"
+ name="Final system configuration"> section of the handbook.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>What does "No route to host" mean</heading>
+
+ <p>This error is usually due to a missing
+
+ <verb>
+ MYADDR:
+ delete ALL
+ add 0 0 HISADDR
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>section in your <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> file. This is
+ only necessary if you have a dynamic IP address or don't know the
+ address of your gateway. If you're using interactive mode, you can
+ type the following after entering <tt/packet mode/ (packet mode is
+ indicated by the capitalized <bf/PPP/ in the prompt):
+
+ <verb>
+ delete ALL
+ add 0 0 HISADDR
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>Refer to the <url url="../handbook/userppp:dynamicIP.html"
+ name="PPP and Dynamic IP addresses"> section of the handbook
+ for further details.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>My connection drops after about 3 minutes</heading>
+
+ <p>The default ppp timeout is 3 minutes. This can be adjusted
+ with the line
+
+ <verb>
+ set timeout NNN
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>where <bf/NNN/ is the number of seconds of inactivity before the
+ connection is closed. If <bf/NNN/ is zero, the connection is
+ never closed due to a timeout. It is possible to put this command in
+ the <tt>ppp.conf</tt> file, or to type it at the prompt in
+ interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on the fly while
+ the line is active by connecting to <bf/ppp/s server socket using
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?telnet" name="telnet">
+ or <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppctl"
+ name="pppctl">. Refer to the
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> man
+ page for further details.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>My connection drops under heavy load</heading>
+
+ <p>If you have Link Quality Reporting (LQR) configured, it is
+ possible that too many LQR packets are lost between your
+ machine and the peer. Ppp deduces that the line must therefore
+ be bad, and disconnects. Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5,
+ LQR was enabled by default. It is now disabled by default.
+ LQR can be disabled with the line
+
+ <verb>
+ disable lqr
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>My connection drops after a random amount of time</heading>
+
+ <p>Sometimes, on a noisy phone line or even on a line with
+ call waiting enabled, your modem may hang up because it
+ thinks (incorrectly) that it lost carrier.
+
+ <p>There's a setting on most modems for determining how tolerant
+ it should be to temporary losses of carrier. On a USR
+ Sportster for example, this is measured by the S10 register in
+ tenths of a second. To make your modem more forgiving, you could
+ add the following send-expect sequence to your dial string:
+
+ <verb>
+ set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......"
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>Refer to your modem manual for details.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>Nothing happens after the Login OK! message</heading>
+
+ <p>Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, once the link was established,
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp"
+ name="ppp"> would wait for the peer to initiate the Line Control
+ Protocol (LCP). Many ISPs will not initiate negotiations and
+ expect the client to do so. To force <bf/ppp/ to initiate
+ the LCP, use the following line:
+
+ <verb>
+ set openmode active
+ </verb>
+
+ <p><bf/Note/: It usually does no harm if both sides initiate
+ negotiation, so openmode is now active by default. However,
+ the next section explains when it <bf/does/ do some harm.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>I keep seeing errors about magic being the same</heading>
+
+ <p>Occasionally, just after connecting, you may see messages in
+ the log that say "magic is the same". Sometimes, these
+ messages are harmless, and sometimes one side or the other
+ exits. Most ppp implementations cannot survive this problem, and
+ even if the link seems to come up, you'll see repeated configure
+ requests and configure acknowledgements in the log file until
+ ppp eventually gives up and closes the connection.
+
+ <p>This normally happens on server machines with slow disks that
+ are spawning a getty on the port, and executing ppp from a
+ login script or program after login. I've also heard reports
+ of it happening consistently when using slirp. The reason is
+ that in the time taken between getty exiting and ppp starting, the
+ client-side ppp starts sending Line Control Protocol (LCP)
+ packets. Because ECHO is still switched on for the port on
+ the server, the client ppp sees these packets "reflect" back.
+
+ <p>One part of the LCP negotiation is to establish a magic number
+ for each side of the link so that "reflections" can be detected.
+ The protocol says that when the peer tries to negotiate
+ the same magic number, a NAK should be sent and a new magic
+ number should be chosen. During the period that the server
+ port has ECHO turned on, the client ppp sends LCP packets,
+ sees the same magic in the reflected packet and NAKs it. It
+ also sees the NAK reflect (which also means ppp must change
+ its magic). This produces a potentially enormous number of
+ magic number changes, all of which are happily piling into
+ the server's tty buffer. As soon as ppp starts on the server,
+ it's flooded with magic number changes and almost immediately
+ decides it's tried enough to negotiate LCP and gives up.
+ Meanwhile, the client, who no longer sees the reflections,
+ becomes happy just in time to see a hangup from the server.
+
+ <p>This can be avoided by allowing the peer to start negotiating
+ with the following line in your ppp.conf file:
+
+ <verb>
+ set openmode passive
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>This tells ppp to wait for the server to initiate LCP
+ negotiations. Some servers however may never initiate negotiations.
+ If this is the case, you can do something like:
+
+ <verb>
+ set openmode active 3
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>This tells ppp to be passive for 3 seconds, and then to start
+ sending LCP requests. If the peer starts sending requests during
+ this period, ppp will immediately respond rather than waiting for
+ the full 3 second period.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>
+ LCP negotiations continue 'till the connection is closed
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>There is currently an implementation mis-feature in <bf/ppp/
+ where it doesn't associate LCP, CCP &amp; IPCP responses with
+ their original requests. As a result, if one <bf/ppp/
+ implementation is more than 6 seconds slower than the other side,
+ the other side will send two additional LCP configuration requests.
+ This is fatal.
+
+ Consider two implementations, <bf/A/ and <bf/B/. <bf/A/ starts
+ sending LCP requests immediately after connecting and <bf/B/ takes
+ 7 seconds to start. When <bf/B/ starts, <bf/A/ has sent 3 LCP
+ REQs. We're assuming the line has ECHO switched off, otherwise
+ we'd see magic number problems as described in the previous section.
+ <bf/B/ sends a REQ, then an ACK to the first of <bf/A/'s REQs.
+ This results in <bf/A/ entering the <bf/OPENED/ state and sending
+ and ACK (the first) back to <bf/B/. In the meantime, <bf/B/ sends
+ back two more ACKs in response to the two additional REQs sent by
+ <bf/A/ before <bf/B/ started up. <bf/B/ then receives the first
+ ACK from <bf/A/ and enters the <bf/OPENED/ state. <bf/A/ receives
+ the second ACK from <bf/B/ and goes back to the <bf/REQ-SENT/ state,
+ sending another (forth) REQ as per the RFC. It then receives the
+ third ACK and enters the <bf/OPENED/ state. In the meantime,
+ <bf/B/ receives the forth REQ from <bf/A/, resulting in it reverting
+ to the <bf/ACK-SENT/ state and sending another (second) REQ and
+ (forth) ACK as per the RFC. <bf/A/ gets the REQ, goes into
+ <bf/REQ-SENT/ and sends another REQ. It immediately receives the
+ following ACK and enters <bf/OPENED/.
+
+ <p>This goes on 'till one side figures out that they're getting
+ nowhere and gives up.
+
+ <p>The best way to avoid this is to configure one side to be
+ <bf/passive/ - that is, make one side wait for the other to start
+ negotiating. This can be done with the
+
+ <verb>
+ set openmode passive
+ </verb>
+
+ command. Care should be taken with this option. You should also
+ use the
+
+ <verb>
+ set stopped N
+ </verb>
+
+ command to limit the amount of time that <bf/ppp/ waits for the peer
+ to begin negotiations. Alternatively, the
+
+ <verb>
+ set openmode active N
+ </verb>
+
+ command (where <bf/N/ is the number of seconds to wait before
+ starting negotiations) can be used. Check the manual page for
+ details.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>Ppp locks up shortly after connecting</heading>
+
+ <p>Prior to version 2.2.5 of FreeBSD, it was possible that your
+ link was disabled shortly after connection due to <bf/ppp/
+ mis-handling Predictor1 compression negotiation. This would
+ only happen if both sides tried to negotiate different
+ Compression Control Protocols (CCP). This problem is now
+ corrected, but if you're still running an old version of
+ <bf/ppp/, the problem can be circumvented with the line
+
+ <verb>
+ disable pred1
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>Ppp locks up when I shell out to test it</heading>
+
+ <p>When you execute the <tt/shell/ or <tt/!/ command, <bf/ppp/
+ executes a shell (or if you've passed any arguements, <bf/ppp/
+ will execute those arguements). Ppp will wait for the command
+ to complete before continuing. If you attempt to use the
+ ppp link while running the command, the link will appear to have
+ frozen. This is because <bf/ppp/ is waiting for the command
+ to complete.
+
+ <p>If you wish to execute commands like this, use the
+ <tt/!bg/ command instead. This will execute the given command
+ in the background, and ppp can continue to service the link.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>Ppp over a null-modem cable never exits</heading>
+
+ <p>There is no way for <bf/ppp/ to automatically determine that
+ a direct connection has been dropped. This is due to the
+ lines that are used in a null-modem serial cable. When using
+ this sort of connection, LQR should always be enabled with
+ the line
+
+ <verb>
+ enable lqr
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>LQR is accepted by default if negotiated by the peer.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>Why does ppp dial for no reason in -auto mode</heading>
+
+ <p>If <bf/ppp/ is dialing unexpectedly, you must determine the
+ cause, and set up Dial filters (dfilters) to prevent such dialing.
+
+ <p>To determine the cause, use the following line:
+
+ <verb>
+ set log +tcp/ip
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>This will log all traffic through the connection. The next
+ time the line comes up unexpectedly, you will see the reason
+ logged with a convenient timestamp next to it.
+
+ <p>You can now disable dialing under these circumstances. Usually,
+ this sort of problem arises due to DNS lookups. To prevent
+ DNS lookups from establishing a connection (this will <bf/not/
+ prevent <bf/ppp/ from passing the packets through an established
+ connection), use the following:
+
+ <verb>
+ set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53
+ set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53
+ set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>This is not always suitable, as it will effectively break your
+ demand-dial capabilities - most programs will need a DNS lookup
+ before doing any other network related things.
+
+ <p>In the DNS case, you should try to determine what is actually
+ trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time,
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sendmail"
+ name="sendmail"> is the culprit. You should make sure that you tell
+ sendmail not to do any DNS lookups in its configuration file. See
+ the section on <ref id="ispmail" name="Mail Configuration"> for
+ details on how to create your own configuration file and what should
+ go into it. You may also want to add the following line to your
+ <bf/.mc/ file:
+
+ <verb>
+ define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>This will make sendmail queue everything until the queue is
+ run (usually, sendmail is invoked with ``-bd -q30m'', telling it
+ to run the queue every 30 minutes) or until a ``sendmail -q''
+ is done (perhaps from your ppp.linkup file).
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>What do these CCP errors mean</heading>
+
+ <p>I keep seeing the following errors in my log file:
+
+ <verb>
+ CCP: CcpSendConfigReq
+ CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>This is because ppp is trying to negotiate Predictor1
+ compression, and the peer does not want to negotiate any
+ compression at all. The messages are harmless, but if you
+ wish to remove them, you can disable Predictor1 compression
+ locally too:
+
+ <verb>
+ disable pred1
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>Ppp locks up during file transfers with IO errors</heading>
+
+ <p>Under FreeBSD 2.2.2 and before, there was a bug in the tun
+ driver that prevents incoming packets of a size larger than
+ the tun interface's MTU size. Receipt of a packet greater than
+ the MTU size results in an IO error being logged via syslogd.
+
+ <p>The ppp specification says that an MRU of 1500 should
+ <bf>always</bf> be accepted as a minimum, despite any LCP
+ negotiations, therefore it is possible that should you decrease
+ the MTU to less than 1500, your ISP will transmit packets of
+ 1500 regardless, and you will tickle this non-feature - locking
+ up your link.
+
+ <p>The problem can be circumvented by never setting an MTU of
+ less than 1500 under FreeBSD 2.2.2 or before.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>Why doesn't ppp log my connection speed?</heading>
+
+ <p>In order to log all lines of your modem ``conversation'',
+ you must enable the following:
+
+ <verb>
+ set log +connect
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>This will make
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp">
+ log everything up until the last requested "expect" string.
+
+ <p>If you wish to see your connect speed and are using PAP or CHAP
+ (and therefore don't have anything to "chat" after the CONNECT
+ in the dial script - no "set login" script), you must make sure that
+ you instruct ppp to "expect" the whole CONNECT line, something like
+ this:
+
+ <verb>
+ set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n"
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>Here, we get our CONNECT, send nothing, then expect a line-feed,
+ forcing <bf/ppp/ to read the whole CONNECT response.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>Ppp ignores the `\' character in my chat script</heading>
+
+ <p>Ppp parses each line in your config files so that it can
+ interpret strings such as <tt/set phone "123 456 789"/ correctly
+ (and realize that the number is actually only <bf/one/ argument.
+ In order to specify a ``"'' character, you must escape it using
+ a backslash (``\'').
+
+ <p>When the chat interpreter parses each argument, it re-interprets
+ the argument in order to find any special escape sequences such
+ as ``\P'' or ``\T'' (see the man page). As a result of this
+ double-parsing, you must remember to use the correct number of
+ escapes.
+
+ <p>If you wish to actually send a ``\'' character to (say) your
+ modem, you'd need something like:
+
+ <verb>
+ set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK"
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>resulting in the following sequence:
+
+ <verb>
+ ATZ
+ OK
+ AT\X
+ OK
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>or
+
+ <verb>
+ set phone 1234567
+ set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T"
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>resulting in the following sequence:
+
+ <verb>
+ ATZ
+ OK
+ ATDT1234567
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>Ppp gets a seg-fault, but I see no <tt/ppp.core/ file</heading>
+
+ <p>Ppp (or any other program for that matter) should never
+ dump core. Because ppp runs with an effective user id of 0,
+ the operating system will not write ppps core image to disk
+ before terminating it. If, however ppp <bf/is/ actually
+ termating due to a segmentation violation or some other
+ signal that normally causes core to be dumped, <bf/and/ you're
+ sure you're using the latest version (see the start of this
+ section), then you should do the following:
+
+ <verb>
+ $ tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz
+ $ cd ppp*/ppp
+ $ echo STRIP= >>Makefile
+ $ echo CFLAGS+=-g >>Makefile
+ $ make clean all
+ $ su
+ # make install
+ # chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>You will now have a debuggable version of ppp installed. You
+ will have to be root to run ppp as all of its privileges have
+ been revoked. When you start ppp, take a careful note of what
+ your current directory was at the time.
+
+ <p>Now, if and when ppp receives the segmentation violation, it
+ will dump a core file called ppp.core. You should then do the
+ following:
+
+ <verb>
+ $ su
+ # gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core
+ (gdb) bt
+ .....
+ (gdb) f 0
+ .....
+ (gdb) i args
+ .....
+ (gdb) l
+ .....
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>All of this information should be given alongside your
+ question, making it possible to diagnose the problem.
+ <p>If you're familiar with gdb, you may wish to find out some
+ other bits and pieces such as what actually caused the dump and
+ the addresses & values of the relevant variables.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>
+ The process that forces a dial in auto mode never connects
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>This was a known problem with <bf/ppp/ set up to negotiate
+ a dynamic local IP number with the peer in auto mode. It is
+ fixed in the latest version - search the man page for <bf/iface/.
+
+ <p>The problem was that when that initial program calls
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?connect"
+ name="connect(2)">, the IP number of the tun interface is
+ assigned to the socket endpoint. The kernel creates the first
+ outgoing packet and writes it to the tun device. <bf/Ppp/ then
+ reads the packet and establishes a connection. If, as a result
+ of <bf/ppp/s dynamic IP assignment, the interface address is changed,
+ the original socket endpoint will be invalid. Any subsequent
+ packets sent to the peer will usually be dropped. Even if
+ they aren't, any responses will not route back to the originating
+ machine as the IP number is no longer owned by that machine.
+
+ <p>There are several theoretical ways to approach this problem.
+ It would be nicest if the peer would re-assign the same IP number
+ if possible <tt/:-)/ The current version of <bf/ppp/ does this,
+ but most other implementations don't.
+
+ <p>The easiest method from our side would be to never change the
+ tun interface IP number, but instead to change all outgoing packets
+ so that the source IP number is changed from the interface IP to
+ the negotiated IP on the fly. This is essentially what the
+ <tt/iface-alias/ option in the latest version of <bf/ppp/ is
+ doing (with the help of <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias" name="libalias(3)">
+ and ppp's <bf/-alias/ switch) - it's maintaining all previous
+ interface addresses and aliasing them to the last negotiated address.
+
+ <p>Another alternative (and probably the most reliable) would be
+ to implement a system call that changes all bound sockets from one
+ IP to another. <bf/Ppp/ would use this call to modify the
+ sockets of all existing programs when a new IP number is
+ negotiated. The same system call could be used by dhcp clients
+ when they are forced to re-bind() their sockets.
+
+ <p>Yet another possibility is to allow an interface to be brought
+ up without an IP number. Outgoing packets would be given
+ an IP number of 255.255.255.255 up until the first SIOCAIFADDR
+ ioctl is done. This would result in fully binding the socket. It
+ would be up to <bf/ppp/ to change the source IP number, but only if
+ it's set to 255.255.255.255, and only the IP number and IP checksum
+ would need to change. This, however is a bit of a hack as
+ the kernel would be sending bad packets to an improperly
+ configured interface, on the assumption that some other mechanism
+ is capable of fixing things retrospectively.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>Why don't most games work with the -alias switch</heading>
+
+ <p>The reason games and the like don't work when libalias is
+ in use is that the machine on the outside will try to open a
+ connection or send (unsolicited) UDP packets to the machine
+ on the inside. The packet alias software doesn't know that
+ it should send these packets to the interior machine.
+
+ <p>To make things work, make sure that the only thing running
+ is the software that you're having problems with, then either
+ run tcpdump on the tun interface of the gateway or enable ppp
+ tcp/ip logging (``set log +tcp/ip'') on the gateway.
+
+ <p>When you start the offending software, you should see packets
+ passing through the gateway machine. When something comes back
+ from the outside, it'll be dropped (that's the problem). Note
+ the port number of these packets then shut down the offending
+ software. Do this a few times to see if the port numbers are
+ consistent. If they are, then the following line in the relevant
+ section of /etc/ppp/ppp.conf will make the software functional:
+
+ <verb>
+ alias port proto internalmachine:port port
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>where ``proto'' is either ``tcp'' or ``udp'',
+ ``internalmachine'' is the machine that you want the packets
+ to be sent to and ``port'' is the destination port number of
+ the packets.
+
+ <p>You won't be able to use the software on other machines
+ without changing the above command, and running the software
+ on two internal machines at the same time is out of the question
+ - after all, the outside world is seeing your entire internal
+ network as being just a single machine.
+
+ <p>If the port numbers aren't consistent, there are three more
+ options:
+
+ <p><bf>1)</bf> Submit support in libalias. Examples of ``special
+ cases'' can be found in /usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c (alias_ftp.c
+ is a good prototype). This usually involves reading certain
+ recognised outgoing packets, identifying the instruction that
+ tells the outside machine to initiate a connection back to the
+ internal machine on a specific (random) port and setting up a
+ ``route'' in the alias table so that the subsequent packets
+ know where to go.
+
+ <p>This is the most difficult solution, but it is the best and
+ will make the software work with multiple machines.
+
+ <p><bf>2)</bf> Use a proxy. The application may support socks5
+ for example, or (as in the ``cvsup'' case) may have a ``passive''
+ option that avoids ever requesting that the peer open connections
+ back to the local machine.
+
+ <p><bf>3)</bf> Redirect everything to the internal machine using
+ ``alias addr''. This is the sledge-hammer approach.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>What are FCS errors ?</heading>
+
+ <p>FCS stands for <bf/F/rame <bf/C/heck <bf/S/equence. Each
+ ppp packet has a checksum attached to ensure that the data
+ being received is the data being sent. If the FCS of an
+ incoming packet is incorrect, the packet is dropped and the
+ HDLC FCS count is increased. The HDLC error values can be
+ displayed using the <tt>show hdlc</tt> command.
+
+ <p>If your link is bad (or if your serial driver is dropping
+ packets), you will see the occasional FCS error. This is not
+ usually worth worrying about although it does slow down the
+ compression protocols substantially. If you have an external
+ modem, make sure your cable is properly shielded from
+ interference - this may eradicate the problem.
+
+ <p>If your link freezes as soon as you've connected and you see
+ a large number of FCS errors, this may be because your link is
+ not 8 bit clean. Make sure your modem is not using software
+ flow control (XON/XOFF). If your datalink <bf>must</bf> use
+ software flow control, use the command
+ <tt>set accmap 0x000a0000</tt> to tell <bf>ppp</bf> to escape
+ the ^Q and ^S characters.
+
+ <p>Another reason for seeing too many FCS errors may be that
+ the remote end has stopped talking <bf/PPP/. You may want to
+ enable <tt/async/ logging at this point to determine if the
+ incoming data is actually a login or shell prompt. If you
+ have a shell prompt at the remote end, it's possible to
+ terminate ppp without dropping the line by using the
+ <tt>close lcp</tt> command (a following <tt>term</tt> command
+ will reconnect you to the shell on the remote machine.
+
+ <p>If nothing in your log file indicates why the link might
+ have been terminated, you should ask the remote administrator
+ (your ISP?) why the session was terminated.
+
+ <sect2>
+ <heading>None of this helps - I'm desperate !</heading>
+
+ <p>If all else fails, send as much information as you can,
+ including your config files, how you're starting <bf/ppp/,
+ the relevant parts of your log file and the output of the
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat"
+ name="netstat -rn"> command (before and after connecting) to the
+ <url url="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org"
+ name="freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org"> mailing list or the
+ <url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"
+ name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"> news group, and someone
+ should point you in the right direction.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>I can't create a <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> device!</heading>
+
+ <p>In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only
+ directly accessible by kernel code. Please see the
+ <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> file and the manual pages for the various
+ network programs mentioned there for more information. If this
+ leaves you totally confused, then you should pick up a book
+ describing network administration on another BSD-related
+ operating system; with few significant exceptions, administering
+ networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS 4.0 or
+ Ultrix.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>How can I setup Ethernet aliases?</heading>
+
+ <p>Add ``<tt/netmask 0xffffffff/'' to your <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig" name="ifconfig">
+ command-line like the following:
+
+ <verb>
+ ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port?</heading>
+
+ <p>If you want to use the other ports, you'll have to specify an
+ additional parameter on the
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig"
+ name="ifconfig"> command line. The
+ default port is ``<tt/link0/''. To use the AUI port instead of
+ the BNC one, use ``<tt/link2/''. These flags should be specified
+ using the ifconfig_* variables in <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf">.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD.</heading>
+
+ <p>Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it
+ mildly) and can sometimes cause problems with network intensive
+ applications like NFS.
+
+ <p>See <url url="../handbook/nfs.html" name="the Handbook entry on NFS">
+ for more information on this topic.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Linux box?</heading>
+
+ <p>Some versions of the Linux NFS code only accept mount requests
+ from a privileged port; try
+
+ <verb>
+ mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Sun box?</heading>
+
+ <p>Sun workstations running SunOS 4.X only accept mount requests
+ from a privileged port; try
+
+ <verb>
+ mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>I'm having problems talking PPP to NeXTStep machines.</heading>
+
+ <p>Try disabling the TCP extensions in <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf"> by
+ changing the following variable to NO:
+
+ <verb>
+ tcp_extensions=NO
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>Xylogic's Annex boxes are also broken in this regard and you must
+ use the above change to connect thru them.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>How do I enable IP multicast support?</heading>
+
+ <p>Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 and
+ later by default. If you want your box to run as a multicast router,
+ you will need to recompile your kernel with the <tt>MROUTING</tt>
+ option and run <tt/mrouted/. FreeBSD 2.2 and later will start
+ <tt/mrouted/ at boot time if the flag <tt/mrouted_enable/ is set
+ to "YES" in <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>.
+
+ <p>MBONE tools are available in their own ports category, mbone. If
+ you are looking for the conference tools <tt/vic/ and <tt/vat/,
+ look there!
+
+ <p>For more information, see the
+ <url url="http://www.mbone.com/" name="Mbone Information Web">.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>Which network cards are based on the DEC PCI chipset?</heading>
+
+ <p>Here is a list compiled by <url url="mailto:gfoster@driver.nsta.org"
+ name="Glen Foster">, with some more modern additions:
+
+ <verb>
+ Vendor Model
+ ----------------------------------------------
+ ASUS PCI-L101-TB
+ Accton ENI1203
+ Cogent EM960PCI
+ Compex ENET32-PCI
+ D-Link DE-530
+ Dayna DP1203, DP2100
+ DEC DE435
+ Danpex EN-9400P3
+ JCIS Condor JC1260
+ Linksys EtherPCI
+ Mylex LNP101
+ SMC EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332)
+ SMC EtherPower (Model 8432)
+ TopWare TE-3500P
+ Zynx ZX342
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?</heading>
+
+ <p>You will probably find that the host is actually in a different
+ domain; for example, if you are in foo.bar.edu and you wish to reach
+ a host called ``mumble'' in the bar.edu domain, you will have to
+ refer to it by the fully-qualified domain name, ``mumble.bar.edu'',
+ instead of just ``mumble''.
+
+ <p>Traditionally, this was allowed by BSD BIND resolvers. However
+ the current version of <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?named" name="bind"> that ships
+ with FreeBSD no longer provides default abbreviations for non-fully
+ qualified domain names other than the domain you are in.
+ So an unqualified host <tt>mumble</tt> must either be found
+ as <tt>mumble.foo.bar.edu</tt>, or it will be searched for
+ in the root domain.
+
+ <p>This is different from the previous behavior, where the
+ search continued across <tt>mumble.bar.edu</tt>, and
+ <tt>mumble.edu</tt>. Have a look at RFC 1535 for why this
+ was considered bad practice, or even a security hole.
+
+ <p>As a good workaround, you can place the line
+
+ <verb>
+ search foo.bar.edu bar.edu
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>instead of the previous
+
+ <verb>
+ domain foo.bar.edu
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>into your <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?resolv.conf"
+ name="/etc/resolv.conf"> file. However, make sure that the search order
+ does not go beyond the ``boundary between local and public
+ administration'', as RFC 1535 calls it.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>``Permission denied'' for all networking operations.</heading>
+
+ <p>If you have compiled your kernel with the <tt/IPFIREWALL/
+ option, you need to be aware that the default policy as of
+ 2.1.7R (this actually changed during 2.1-STABLE development)
+ is to deny all packets that are not explicitly allowed.
+
+ <p>If you had unintentionally misconfigured your system for
+ firewalling, you can restore network operability by typing
+ the following while logged in as root:
+
+ <verb>
+ ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>You can also set "firewall_type='open'" in <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>.
+
+ <p>For further information on configuring a FreeBSD firewall,
+ see the <url url="../handbook/firewalls.html" name="Handbook section">.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>How much overhead does IPFW incur?</heading>
+
+ <p>The answer to this depends mostly on your rule set and processor
+ speed. For most applications dealing with ethernet and small
+ rule sets, the answer is, negligible. For those of you that need
+ actual measurements to satisfy your curiosity, read on.
+
+ <p>The following measurements were made using 2.2.5-STABLE on
+ a 486-66. IPFW was modified to measure the time spent within
+ the <tt/ip_fw_chk/ routine, displaying the results to the console
+ every 1000 packets.
+
+ <p>Two rule sets, each with 1000 rules were tested. The first set
+ was designed to demonstrate a worst case scenario by repeating the
+ rule:
+
+ <verb>
+ ipfw add deny tcp from any to any 55555
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>This demonstrates worst case by causing most of IPFW's packet
+ check routine to be executed before finally deciding that the
+ packet does not match the rule (by virtue of the port number).
+ Following the 999th iteration of this rule was an <tt>allow ip
+ from any to any</tt>.
+
+ <p>The second set of rules were designed to abort the rule
+ check quickly:
+
+ <verb>
+ ipfw add deny ip from 1.2.3.4 to 1.2.3.4
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>The nonmatching source IP address for the above rule causes
+ these rules to be skipped very quickly. As before, the 1000th
+ rule was an <tt>allow ip from any to any</tt>.
+
+ <p>The per-packet processing overhead in the former case was
+ approximately 2.703ms/packet, or roughly 2.7 microseconds per
+ rule. Thus the theoretical packet processing limit with these
+ rules is around 370 packets per second. Assuming 10Mbps ethernet
+ and a ~1500 byte packet size, we would only be able to achieve a
+ 55.5% bandwidth utilization.
+
+ <p>For the latter case each packet was processed in
+ approximately 1.172ms, or roughly 1.2 microseconds per rule.
+ The theoretical packet processing limit here would be about
+ 853 packets per second, which could consume 10Mbps ethernet
+ bandwidth.
+
+ <p>The excessive number of rules tested and the nature of those
+ rules do not provide a real-world scenario -- they were used only
+ to generate the timing information presented here. Here are a
+ few things to keep in mind when building an efficient rule set:
+
+ <itemize>
+
+ <item>Place an `established' rule early on to handle the
+ majority of TCP traffic. Don't put any <tt>allow tcp</tt>
+ statements before this rule.
+
+ <item>Place heavily triggered rules earlier in the rule
+ set than those rarely used (<bf>without changing the
+ permissiveness of the firewall</bf>, of course). You can see
+ which rules are used most often by examining the packet counting
+ statistics with <tt>ipfw -a l</tt>.
+
+ </itemize>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>How can I redirect service requests from one machine to another?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>You can redirect FTP (and other service) request with the 'socket'
+ package, available in the ports tree in category 'sysutils'.
+ Simply replace the service's commandline to call socket instead, like so:
+
+<verb>
+ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket ftp.foo.com ftp
+</verb>
+
+ <p>where 'ftp.foo.com' and 'ftp' are the host and port to redirect to,
+ respectively.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>Where can I get a bandwidth management tool?</heading>
+
+ <p>There are two bandwidth management tools available for FreeBSD.
+ <url url="http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html"
+ name="ALTQ"> is available for free; Bandwidth Manager from
+ <url url="http://www.etinc.com" name="Emerging Technologies"> is
+ a commercial product.
+
+
+ </sect>
+
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/preface.sgml b/zh/FAQ/preface.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1d017fc67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/preface.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,549 @@
+<!-- $Id: preface.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.26 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>�e��<label id="preface"></heading>
+
+ <p>�w��Ө� FreeBSD 2.X FAQ!
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�g�o�� FAQ ���ت��O���� ?</heading>
+
+ <p>���L Usenet �W�� FAQ �@��, �o�����D�n�[�\�F���� FreeBSD �o�M�@
+ �~�t�γ̱`�Q�ݨ쪺���D (���M�]�A�F�^�� !)�C���M���ڭ̥��Ӫ��ت��O���F
+ ��ֺ����W�e�����O�H���קK�P�˪����D�@�A�X�{, ���O FAQ �w�g�Q�����O�@
+ �ثܦ����Ȫ���T�F�C
+
+ <p>�ڭ̤w�g���i��a�ϳo�� FAQ ���״I�F ; �p�G�z��p��Ϩ��i�B������
+ ��ij, ���H�ɱH�q�l�l�� <url url="mailto:FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG"
+ name="FAQ ���@��">�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>����O FreeBSD?</heading>
+
+ <p>²��a�ӻ�, FreeBSD 2.X �O�@�M�ھ� U.C. Berkeley's 4.4BSD-lite
+ release for the i386 platform �ҧ����� UN*X-like �@�~�t�ΡC���P�ɤ]��
+ ���ϥΤF William Jolitz ���Ө� i386 �W�� U.C. Berkeley's Net/2, �]�N�O
+ 386BSD�C���L�{�b 386BSD ���{���X�u�ѤU���ּ��ٯd�s�b FreeBSD ���C�z�i
+ �H�b <url url="http://www.freebsd.org" name="FreeBSD ����"> ��즳����
+ ��O FreeBSD �H�Υ��i�H���z���Ǥ��򪺬�����T�C
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �w�Q�s�x�a�Q�@�ɦU�a�����q�渹, ISP, ��s�H��, �q���M�a, ��
+ ��, �H�ήa�x�Τ�Ҩϥ�, �Φb�u�@, �Ш|, �H�ήT�֤W�C�z�i�H�b
+ <url url="../gallery/gallery.html" name="FreeBSD Gallery">�ݨ�@�Ǧ�
+ ���L�̪���ơC
+
+ <p>�p�G�Q������ FreeBSD ��`�J�����, ��
+ <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="FreeBSD �ϥΤ�U">�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�o�i FreeBSD ���ت��O���� ?</heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �p�e���ت��O���ѥi�H���N�ϥΥB�S������n��C�ڭ̦b�{���X
+ (�H�έp�ޥ���) �W�I�X�F�j�q�ߦ�, ���M�ڭ̨S���S�O�j��, ���L�ä��n�D��
+ ������W���^�X�C�ڭ̬۫H�ڭ̭��n�� "����" �N�O���ѵ{���X���C�@�Өϥ�
+ ��, ���ޥL�̪��ت��O���� ; �o��@��, �o�ǵ{���X�~��Q�Φb�̦h�a��, �]
+ �~��o�����̳̤j���Q�q�C�ڭ̬۫H�o�N�O�ۥѳn��̰򥻪��ؼФ��@, �ӥB��
+ �̷|�ɥ��O�h������C
+
+ <p>�b�ڭ� source tree �����������{���X�O�ĥΩҿת� GPL �άO LGPL ���v
+ �ŧi, ���M�o�Ǫ��v�ŧi�O�ΨӫO�٦ӫD����ϥΪ̪��v�Q, �����O������ۥ�
+ �F�ǡC�ѩ�o�� GPL ���n��b�ӷ~�ϥΤW�|�ް_�D�`���������v���D, �]���u
+ �n�����|, �ڭ̷|�ɶq�H�ĥΤ���P�� BSD ���v���n��Ө��N�o�� GPL ���v��
+ �i���n��C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>������n�s�� FreeBSD?</heading>
+
+ <p>
+ <itemize>
+ <item>�z�i�H�K�O�ϥΥ�, �Y�ϬO�Ω�ӷ~�γ~�C
+
+ <item>��� FreeBSD �@�~�t�Χ��㪺��l�{�����i�H�K�O���o, �ӥB�b�ϥ�
+ �δ��G�U�譱�]�u����̤p������ (���׬O�_�Ω�ӷ~�γ~)�C
+
+ <item>����H���i�H�ۥѦa��L��t�Ϊ���}�ο��~�ץ����{���X�[�J
+ source tree ���� (���M�n�ŦX�X�ӥ��M����)�C
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>�p�GŪ�̱z�����y���O�^�y����, �z�n�S�O�`�N�o�̪� "free" ��إΪk��
+ �N��O���@�˪� : �@�ت��N��O "�K�O", �t�@�ت��N��O "�ۥ�"�C�z�i�H��
+ FreeBSD �h������z�Q�n������, ���F�@�Ǩҥ~, �Ҧp�z�ź� FreeBSD �O�z�g
+ ���C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�̷s���� FreeBSD �O���@�� ?</heading>
+
+ <p><url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.8-RELEASE"
+ name="2.2.8"> �O�ثe�̷s�� <em> stable </em> �� ; ���� 1998 �~
+ 12 ��o��C���P�ɤ]�O�ثe�̷s�� <em>release</em> ���C
+
+ <p>²�檺��, <bf>-stable</bf> ���D�n�D�D��H�O���í�w�ʤΧC�ܲ��ʦ�
+ ���j�ݨD�����c, �Ҧp ISP, �ӫD�߷R�@�ǯS�O�s�\�઺���c�C�b���P��, �o
+ �Ǫ����O�����@�˪�, ���O�b <bf>-current</bf> �o�Ӥ��䪺�����ר��H���@
+ �ӥ��` release ���e, �o�ر��p���|�����Ӥ[�C
+
+ <p>���O�o�ä��N���� 3.0-current snapshot �N���A�X�Φb�ӷ~�A�ȤW, �ƹ�
+ �W, �ܦh�ݭn 3.0 �s�\�� (��s���sĶ���޳N, �󦳮IJv�������{���X��) ��
+ �ϥΪ̳��o��F�D�`���N�����G�C�b���ܱo��í�w�H�e, �ڭ̤��� "��O" 3.0
+ �i�H��o�_���n���u�@�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>����O FreeBSD-current?<label id="current"></heading>
+
+ <p><url url="../handbook/current.html" name="FreeBSD-current">�����O��
+ �b�o�i��������, ���ױN�b�A�����ɾ����� 3.0.1-RELEASE�C����b�O�u�A�X��
+ �t�εo�i�̥H�Φ��ݤO���~�l�R�n�̨ϥΡC�p�G�Q�n�o�즳���p��ϥ�
+ -current ���`�J��T, �аѦ�
+ <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="�ϥΤ�U"> ��
+ <url url="../handbook/current.html" name="��������">�C
+
+ <p>�p�G�z��@�~�t�Υ����ä��O�ܼ��x, �άO�z�S��k����z�J�쪺���D�O�u
+ ���o�ͤF���D��άO�Ȯɩʪ��p���p, ����z�N�����Өϥ� FreeBSD-current�C
+ �o�Ӥ��䪺�{���X���ɭ��ܰʱo�ܧ�, �ӥB�i��|�]���Өϱz���n�X�Ѫ��ɶ��L
+ �k��s�z���t�ΡC�ڭ̰��]�ϥ� FreeBSD-current ���ϥΪ̳�����O�h���R�L
+ �̩ҹJ�쪺���D�åB�u�^���u�������D�ӫD�p���p�C�p�G�z�b -current
+ mailing list ���������� "make world �y���@�Ǧ��� groups �����~" �����D,
+ ���ɭԷ|�Q��L�H�����C
+
+ <p>���ɭԧڭ̷|���o�� -current �o�i�����{���X�o��
+ <url url="../releases/snapshots.html" name="snapshot">, �󦳬ƪ�, �ڭ�
+ �ٷ|�o�� CDROM ������ snapshot�C�o���o�� snapshot ���ت��b�� :
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item>���ճ̷s�����w�˵{���C
+
+ <item>���Ѥ@��²�檺��k�����dz��w�ϥ� -current ���O�S���ɶ��M�W�e�h
+ �C�Ѫ@�Ū��ϥΪ̡C
+
+ <item>���F���ڭ̵o�i�����{���O�d�@�өT�w���Ѧ��I, �H����ڭ̥��ӳy��
+ �����C(���M CVS �i�H���`�a���������o�ت��i�Ȩƥ� :)
+
+ <item>���F�T�O�Ҧ��ݭn���ժ��s�\�ೣ�i�H�o��̦h�����աC
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>�L�צp��, �ڭ̤��O�� snapshot ���~��C���Fí�w��, �z�̦n�ϥΧ���
+ release �������C
+
+ <p>�z�i�H�����q
+ <url url="ftp://current.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/"> ���o snapshot
+ release, ���ެO 3.0-current �άO 2.2-stable, �����C�ѳ��|���ͤ@��
+ snapshot �������C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>����O FreeBSD-stable?</heading>
+
+ <p>�^���� FreeBSD 2.0.5 ��o�����ɭ�, �ڭ̨M�w�� FreeBSD �� release
+ �������C�@��s��<url url="../handbook/stable.html" name="-stable"> ,
+ �ڭ̥u�復�����~�ץ��Τp�T�ת��ק� (�o�O�� ISP �M�ӷ~���q������礤�\
+ �ण�P���쪺���ҨϥΪ�)�C�t�~�@��s��
+ <url url="../handbook/current.html" name="-current">, �q 2.0 ���o��H
+ ��N�����_�a�µ� 3.0-RELEASE (�H�ΥH�᪺����) �e�i�ۡC�U���N�O�����t
+ �i���ܷN�� :
+
+<verb>
+ 2.0
+ |
+ |
+ | [2.1-stable]
+ *BRANCH* 2.0.5 -> 2.1 -> 2.1.5 -> 2.1.6 -> 2.1.7.1 [2.1-stable ends]
+ | (Mar 1997)
+ |
+ |
+ | [2.2-stable]
+ *BRANCH* 2.2.1 -> 2.2.2-RELEASE -> 2.2.5 -> 2.2.6 -> 2.2.7 -> 2.2.8 [end]
+ | (Mar 1997) (Oct 97) (Apr 98) (Jul 98) (Dec 98)
+ |
+ |
+ 3.0-SNAPs (started Q1 1997)
+ |
+ |
+ 3.0.0-RELEASE (Oct 1998)
+ |
+ | [3.0-stable]
+ *BRANCH* 3.0.1 (Feb 1999) -> ... future 3.0.x releases ...
+ |
+ |
+ \|/
+ +
+ [3.1-current continues]
+</verb>
+
+ <p>-current �o�Ӥ��䥿�w�C�a�¦V 3.0.1 �H�ΥH�᪺�����e�i��, �Ӥ��e��
+ 2.2-stable ����h�H�� 2.2.8 ���o���ӥ\�����h�C3.0-current �N�|�����D�n
+ ���o�i�u, ���� 1999 �~�� 3.0.1 �o������C�쨺�Ӯɭ�, 3.0 �N�|�����t�@
+ �Ӥ���, �� 3.1-current �h�ܦ��U�@�� "current ����"�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�s�� FreeBSD �N�󤰻�ɭԱ��X ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�@��Ө�, �� FreeBSD core team �{���w�g�ֿn�F�����h���s�\��M���~��
+ ��, �ӥB�o�ǧ�ʨä��v�T�t��í�w�ת��ɭ�, �L�̤~�|���X�s���� FreeBSD�C
+ ���M���ݳo�Ǧn�F�誺�ɶ��O�H���I�q��, ���O�j�h�ƪ��ϥΪ̳��{���o���ԷV
+ ���A�׬O FreeBSD �̦n���������@�C
+
+ <p>�����Ө�, �ڭ̨C�|�Ӥ�o��@�� release�C
+
+ <p>���F�������ǻݭn (�ηQ�n) ��E���ϥΪ�, �q�` SNAP ���o���O�۷��W�c
+ ��, �S�O�O�b release �o�����e�@�Ӥ륪�k�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>FreeBSD �u��b PC �W�ϥζ� ?</heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD 3.x �ثe�i�H�b
+ <url url="../alpha/alpha.html" name="DEC Alpha"> �W�ϥ�, �N���b x86 �[
+ �c�U�ϥΤ@�ˡC�ڭ̹ﲾ�Ө� SPARC �W�]���۷�������, ���L�o�������p�e��
+ �S���������ԤơC
+
+ �p�G�z���������O�H�W�o�Ǭ[�c, �ӥB�z�{�b�N�n����, �ڭ̫�ij�z�Ѧ�
+ <url url="http://www.netbsd.org/" name="NetBSD"> �άO
+ <url url="http://www.openbsd.org/" name="OpenBSD">�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�֭t�d FreeBSD ���o�i ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�O�@�Ǧ��� FreeBSD �p�e������ʨM�w, ���O��ӭp�e�����V�άO�M
+ �w�֥i�H�� source tree �̪��{���X�o������, �O�Ѥ@�Ӭ� 15 �ӤH�Ҳզ���
+ <url url="../handbook/staff:core.html" name="core team"> �ӨM�w�C�Ӧ�
+ �t�@�s�� 100 �ӤH���v�Q�i�H�����ק� FreeBSD �� source tree�C
+
+ <p>�L�צp��, �j�h�ƪ����ܳ��|�ƫe�b
+ <ref id="mailing" name="mailing lists"> ���Q�׹L, �ӥB�C�ӤH���i�H�ѻP
+ �Q�סC
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn�p����o FreeBSD ?<label id="where-get"></heading>
+
+ <p>�C�� FreeBSD �����n�������i�H�g�ѰΦW ftp �q
+ <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/" name="FreeBSD FTP site">
+ ���o�C
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item>�p�G�O�ثe�� 2.2-stable release, 2.2.8R, �Ь�
+ <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.8-RELEASE/"
+ name="2.2.8-RELEASE"> �o�ӥؿ��C
+
+ <item>�p�G�O�ثe�� 3.0-current release, 3.0-SNAP, �Ь�
+ <url url="ftp://current.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" name="3.0"> �o�ӥ�
+ ���C
+
+ <item>�H�� RELENG_2_2 ���� (��Ӫ� 2.2.8) �C�C�a�i�J���@���q, �ڭ̨C
+ �ѳ��|�o�� <url url="ftp://releng22.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/"
+ name="2.2 Snapshot">�C�ڭ̥ثe���������@�� RELENG_2_2 �o�Ӥ���, ���D
+ ��t�Φw���άO�t�Ϊ��i�a�ʦ��ҼW�j, �_�h�ڭ̱N���A��ʡC
+
+ <item><ref id="current" name="-current"> ����]�O�C�ѱ��X
+ <url url="ftp://current.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/"
+ name="3.0 Snapshot">, �º�O���F���ߪ����ժ̥H�εo�i�H���Ҵ��Ѫ��C
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �� CDROM �i�H�q�U�C�a����o :
+
+ <p>Walnut Creek CDROM<newline>
+ 4041 Pike Lane, Suite F<newline>
+ Concord, CA 94520 USA<newline>
+ Orders: +1 800 786-9907<newline>
+ Questions: +1 925 674-0783<newline>
+ FAX: +1 925 674-0821<newline>
+ email: <url url="mailto:orders@cdrom.com" name="WC Orders address">
+ <newline>
+ WWW: <url url="http://www.cdrom.com/" name="WC Home page">
+ <newline>
+
+ <p>�p�G�z�b�D�w, �z�i�H�� :
+
+ <p>Advanced Multimedia Distributors<newline>
+ Factory 1/1 Ovata Drive<newline>
+ Tullamarine, Melbourne<newline>
+ Victoria<newline>
+ Australia<newline>
+ Voice: +61 3 9338 6777<newline>
+
+ CDROM Support BBS<newline>
+ 17 Irvine St<newline>
+ Peppermint Grove WA 6011<newline>
+ Voice: +61 9 385-3793<newline>
+ Fax: +61 9 385-2360<newline>
+
+ �b�^�� :
+
+ The Public Domain &amp; Shareware Library<newline>
+ Winscombe House, Beacon Rd<newline>
+ Crowborough<newline>
+ Sussex. TN6 1UL<newline>
+ Voice: +44 1892 663-298<newline>
+ Fax: +44 1892 667-473<newline>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڦb���̥i�H��즳�� FreeBSD mailing lists ����T ?<label id="mailing">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�z�i�H�b <url url="../handbook/eresources:mail.html"
+ name="�ϥΤ�U - mailing-lists"> ����짹�㪺��T�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>������Q�� FreeBSD ���s�D�Q�׸s�ն� ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�z�i�H�b <url url="../handbook/eresources:news.html"
+ name="�ϥΤ�U - �s�D�Q�׸s��"> ����짹�㪺��T�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ ���M���Q�� FreeBSD �� IRC �W�D�� ?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�O��, �j�����D�n�� IRC �����D�������ѤF FreeBSD ������W�D :
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item>EFNet �Ҵ��Ѫ� <tt>&num;FreeBSD</tt> �W�D�O�@�� FreeBSD ����
+ ��, ���O�z�i��L�k�q����o��޳N�譱���䴩, �z�]�O�Q�b���������
+ �H�i�H���z�קK���\Ū man page �H�Φۤv��s���h�W�C���O�@�ӥH��Ѭ�
+ �D���W�D, �b������ FreeBSD �M���ʡB�B�ʡB�H�ή֤l�Z�������|�O
+ �@�˰����C
+ �ڭ̤w�gĵ�i�L�z�F�C
+ �z�i�H�g�� <tt>irc.chat.org</tt> �ӳs�u�C
+
+ <item>DALNET �Ҵ��Ѫ� <tt>&num;FreeBSD</tt> �W�D, �b����i�H�g��
+ <tt>irc.dal.net</tt> �ӳs�u, �b�ڬw�i�H�g�� <tt>irc.eu.dal.net</tt>
+ �ӳs�u�C
+
+ <item>UNDERNET �Ҵ��Ѫ� <tt>&num;FreeBSD</tt> �W�D, �b����i�H�g��
+ <tt>us.undernet.org</tt> �ӳs�u, �b�ڬw�i�H�g��
+ <tt>eu.undernet.org</tt> �ӳs�u�C
+
+ <item>�̫�, �z�]�i�H�[�J BSDNET �Ҵ��Ѫ� <tt>&num;FreeBSD</tt> �W
+ �D, �o�O�@�Ӥp���� BSD �M�β�Ѻ���, �i�H�g��
+ <tt>irc.FreeBSD.org</tt> �ӳs�u�C
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>�H�W���o���W�D���O���P��, �ӥB���̨èS�����۳s�q�C���̲�Ѫ��覡�]
+ �����ۦP, �ҥH�z�i��C�ӳ��n�h�|�դ@�U, �H���̾A�X�z���W�D�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>FreeBSD �������y</heading>
+
+ <p>�z�γ\�i�H�ոլ� <tt>doc</tt> mailing list :
+ <url url="mailto:freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG"
+ name="&lt;freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG&gt;"> �W�� FreeBSD ���p�e (�p�G�z
+ ��[�J�o�O�p�e���O�A�n���L���F)�C�o�� mailing list �O�ΨӰQ�� FreeBSD
+ ��󪺡C�p�G�z�Q�n�o�ݰ��D����, �ڭ̤]�� <tt>questions</tt> mailing
+ list :
+ <url url="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG"
+ name="&lt;freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG&gt;"> �C
+
+ <p>�z�]�i�H�q
+ <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="FreeBSD �ϥΤ�U">
+ ���o FreeBSD "�ϥΤ�U"�C�Ъ`�N, �o����󤴳B��s�@���q, ���ܦh������
+ �٨S�������C
+
+ <p>���� FreeBSD �����y��, �̦n�����ӴN�O Greg Lehey �ۧ@, Walnut Creek
+ CDROM Books �X���� "The Complete FreeBSD" �F�C�{�b�o���Ѥw�g�X��ĤG��
+ �F, �`�@ 1750 �����k, ���e�]�A�w��, �t�κ޲z����, �{���w�˨�U, �H��
+ manual pages�C�o���� (�H�γ̷s���� FreeBSD release) �i�H�V
+ <url url="http://www.cdrom.com" name="Walnut Creek">,
+ <url url="http://www.cheapbytes.com" name="CheapBytes">, �άO����@��
+ �z���w���ѧ��q�ʡC�L�� ISBN ���X�O 1-57176-227-2�C
+
+ <p>�M��, �]�� FreeBSD 2.2.X �O�H 4.4BSD-Lite2 ����¦�ӵo�i���t��, �ҥH
+ �j���� 4.4BSD ����U���A�� FreeBSD 2.2.X�CO'Reilly and Associates
+ �X���F�U�C��U :
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item>4.4BSD System Manager's Manual <newline>
+ By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline>
+ 1st Edition June 1994, 804 pages <newline>
+ <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-080-5" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-080-5 <newline>
+
+ <item>4.4BSD User's Reference Manual <newline>
+ By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline>
+ 1st Edition June 1994, 905 pages <newline>
+ <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-075-9" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-075-9 <newline>
+
+ <item>4.4BSD User's Supplementary Documents <newline>
+ By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline>
+ 1st Edition July 1994, 712 pages <newline>
+ <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-076-7" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-076-7 <newline>
+
+ <item>4.4BSD Programmer's Reference Manual <newline>
+ By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline>
+ 1st Edition June 1994, 886 pages <newline>
+ <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-078-3" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-078-3 <newline>
+
+ <item>4.4BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents <newline>
+ By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline>
+ 1st Edition July 1994, 596 pages <newline>
+ <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-079-1" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-079-1 <newline>
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>�z�i�H�b WWW �W���������� :
+
+ <url url="http://gnn.com/gnn/bus/ora/category/bsd.html"
+ name="4.4BSD books description">�C�]���P�ⱡ�Ψä��O�ܦn, �ҥH�z�i���
+ ���h���o�o�Ǯ��y�C
+
+ <p>�p�G�z�Q�� 4.4BSD ���֤߬[�c����`�h���{��, �z��������L�o���� :
+
+ <p>McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
+ and John Quarterman.<newline>
+
+ <p><em>The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
+ System</em>. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1996.<newline>
+ <url url="&isbn.amazon/0-201-54979-4" name="ISBN"> 0-201-54979-4<newline>
+
+ <p>�@�������t�κ޲z���n�� :
+
+ <p>Evi Nemeth, Garth Snyder, Scott Seebass &amp; Trent R. Hein,<newline>
+ ``Unix System Administration Handbook'', Prentice-Hall, 1995<newline>
+ <url url="&isbn.amazon/0-13-151051-7" name="ISBN">: 0-13-151051-7<newline>
+
+ <p><bf/NOTE/ �нT�{�z�R�쪺���T�O�ĤG��, ���O����ѥ֪�, �Ĥ@�������O�C
+
+ <p>�o���Ѳ[�\�F�@�ǰ�¦���F��, �]�A TCP/IP, DNS, NFS, SLIP/PPP,
+ sendmail, INN/NNTP, printing, ���C�o�����Z�Q�� (�j��
+ US&dollar;45-&dollar;55) , ���L�����T���o�ӻ��ȡC���]���F�@�����t�@��
+ �u��{����l�X�� CDROM ; �j�������F��b FreeBSD 2.2.6R �� CDROM �̤]�� (
+ �q�` FreeBSD CROM �̪��O����s����) �C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn�p��h�s���z�̪����~�^����Ʈw�O ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�Ҧ��ϥΪ� open ���ܧ�n�D���i�H�g�ѧڭ� web �ɭ��� PR
+ <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/send-pr.html" name="submission"> ��
+ <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi" name="query">
+ �Ӭd�� (�άO�^��) �ڭ̪����~�^����Ʈw�C<em>send-pr(1)</em> �o�ӫ��O�]
+ �i�H�g�ѹq�l�l��Ӧ^�����~�άO�n�D�ܧ�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>���̥i�H��� ASCII �άO PostScript ���� FAQ ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�̷s�� FAQ �i�H�q FreeBSD �����άO����@�� mirror ���O���o, ���׬O
+ PostScript �άO�¤�r�� (�]�A 7 bit ASCII �H�� 8-bit Latin1) �����C
+
+ <p>PostScript �榡 (�j�� 370KB):
+ <itemize>
+ <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ps"
+ name="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ps">
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>ASCII �榡 (�j�� 220KB):
+ <itemize>
+ <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ascii"
+ name="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ascii">
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>ISO 8859-1 �榡 (�j�� 220KB):
+ <itemize>
+ <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.latin1"
+ name="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.latin1">
+ </itemize>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>���̥i�H��� ASCII �άO PostScript �����ϥΤ�U ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�̷s�� FAQ �i�H�q FreeBSD �����άO����@�� mirror ���O���o, ���׬O
+ PostScript �άO�¤�r�� (�]�A 7 bit ASCII �H�� 8-bit Latin1) �����C
+
+ <p>PostScript �榡 (�j�� 1.7MB):
+ <itemize>
+ <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ps"
+ name="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ps">
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>ASCII �榡 (�j�� 1080KB):
+ <itemize>
+ <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ascii"
+ name="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ascii">
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>ISO 8859-1 �榡 (�j�� 1080KB):
+ <itemize>
+ <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.latin1"
+ name="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.latin1">
+ </itemize>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>ASCII �����ϥΤ�U���O�¤�r�� !</heading>
+
+ <p>�O��, ASCII �M Latin1 �榡�� FAQ �H�ΨϥΤ�U�Y��ӻ��ä����O��
+ ��r�� ; ���̥]�t�F�@�ǦL�X���u�H�έ��ЦC�L������X�H�K�ઽ�����I�x�}
+ ���L������X�C�p�G�z�Q�⥦���ন�@�몺��r�ɪ���, �i�H�Q�� col :
+
+ <verb>
+ $ col -b < inputfile > outputfile
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڷQ���� FreeBSD �� mirror ���O !</heading>
+
+ <p>���M�i�H ! ���ܦh��k�i�H mirror �ڭ̪������C
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item>�Q�� CVSUP : �z�i�H�Q�� CVSUP �q cvsup.freebsd.org ���o�榡��
+ �L���ɮסC�z�u�ݭn��U���o��[�J�z�� cvsup �]�w�� :
+
+<verb>
+www release=current hostname=/home base=/usr/local/etc/cvsup
+prefix=/usr/local/www/data/www.freebsd.org delete old use-rel-suffix
+
+</verb>
+
+ <item>�Q�� rsync : �аѾ\
+ <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/internal/mirror.html"
+ name="the mirroring page"> �H��o��h��T�C
+
+ <item>�Q�� ftp mirror : �z�i�H�Q�αz���w�� ftp mirror �u��q FTP ��
+ �O�����o������ơC�N�q
+ ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/www �}�l�a�C
+ </itemize>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڷQ�n½Ķ���</heading>
+
+ <p>��, �ڭ̨S��O���z�~��, ���L�p�G�z�ണ��½Ķ�n����󪺸�, �ڭ̷|�e
+ �z CD �άO T-shirt , �ç�z�[�J�ϥΤ�U�� Contributor ����C�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>��L��T�ӷ�</heading>
+
+ <p>�U�C newsgroups ���]�A�F FreeBSD �������Q�� :
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item><url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce"
+ name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce"> (moderated)
+
+ <item><url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"
+ name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc">
+
+ <item><url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.misc" name="comp.unix.bsd.misc">
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>�����귽 :
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item>The <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/" name="FreeBSD Home Page">.
+
+ <item><label id="pao">�p�G�z�����W���q�� (laptop) ����, �O�ѤF�h�ݬ�
+ ���饻��
+ <url url="http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/PAO/"
+ name="Tatsumi Hosokawa's Mobile Computing page"> �C
+
+ <item><label id="smp">SMP (����h�B�z���[�c) ��������T��
+ <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~fsmp/SMP/SMP.html"
+ name="SMP support page"> �C
+
+ <item><label id="multimedia">���� FreeBSD �h�C��譱�����ε{��, �Ь�
+ <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~faulkner/multimedia/mm.html"
+ name="multimedia"> �C�p�G�z�� Bt848 �o�Ӽv���^�������S�O�����쪺��,
+ �Ь�<url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~ahasty/Bt848.html"
+ name="�o�Ӻ���"> �C
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �ϥΤ�U�]���@���ܧ��㪺
+ <url url="../handbook/bibliography.html" name="�ѦҮ��y�C��">, �p�G�z
+ ���Q�R�Ѫ���, �o�����ȱo�@�ݡC
+
+ </sect>
+
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/serial.sgml b/zh/FAQ/serial.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5f0af4d7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/serial.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+<!-- $Id: serial.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.2 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>Serial �q�T<label id="serial"></heading>
+
+ <p>�o�@���D�n�O�b�Q�� FreeBSD �W���� serial �q�T�����D�C���� PPP �H��
+ SLIP �����D�O��b <ref id="networking" name="����"> �o�@�`�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn��򪾹D FreeBSD �O���O�����ڪ� serial port ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�� FreeBSD �}�����ɭ�, ���|�ھڱz�b kernel �����]�w�Ӱ����z��
+ serial port�C�z�i�H�b�o�ǰT���X�{���ɭ��ˬd, �]�i�H�b�t�ζ}�������
+ �U�������O���[�� :
+
+ <verb>
+ dmesg | grep sio
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�̦��@�ǿ�X���d�� :
+
+ <verb>
+ sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa
+ sio0: type 16550A
+ sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa
+ sio1: type 16550A
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�N���z����� serial port�C�Ĥ@�� port ���� irq 4, port address �O
+ <tt/0x3f8/ , �ӥB�Ϊ��O 16550A ���� UART �����C�ĤG�� port �Ϊ��O�P
+ ��������, ���L�������O irq 3 , ���� port address �b <tt/0x2f8/ �C
+ ������ modem �d�|�Q���Ѧ��O serial port -- �ߤ@���t�O�N�O�� port �W
+ �`�O���W modem �Ӥw�C
+
+ <p><tt/GENERIC/ kernel �䴩��� serial port , ���̪��]�w�ȴN�p�P�W����
+ �d�Ҥ@�ˡC�p�G�z�t�ΤW���]�w���@��, �Ϊ̱z�t�~���F������ modem �d,
+ �άO�z�t�Ϊ���� serial port �Ƥ�z�b kernel �]�w�����٭n�h����, �z
+ �u�n���s�إ� kernel �N�n�F�C�Ա��Ь� <ref id="make-kernel"
+ name="�p��إ� kernel"> �C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn��򪾹D FreeBSD �O���O�����ڪ� modem �d ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�ЬݤW�@�Ӱ��D�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڤɯŨ� 2.0.5 �H��ڪ� <tt/tty0X/ �~�M�����F !</heading>
+
+ <p>���n��i, ���̤w�g�Q�֨� <tt/ttydX/ �˸m�U�h�F�C���L�z�٬O�o��ۤv
+ �ק�]�w�ɤ~�������̥��`�u�@�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn�p��b FreeBSD �U�s�� seral ports ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�ĤT�� serial port, <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" name="sio2"> (�N�O DOS
+ �U�� COM3) , �H dial-out �˸m�ӬݬO��� <tt>/dev/cuaa2</tt> , �ӥH
+ dial-in �˸m�Ӭݫh�O��� <tt>/dev/ttyd2</tt> �C�o��Ӹ˸m�����򤣦P
+ �O ?
+
+ <p>�z�b dial-in �ɨϥΪ��O <tt/ttydX/ �C���z�� block �Ҧ��}��
+ <tt>/dev/ttydX</tt> ��, �|���@�� process �b������ <tt/cuaaX/ �W����
+ �ܦ� inactive , �M��@������ carrier detect line �ܦ� active ����C
+ ���z�}�� <tt/cuaaX/ �˸m��, ���|�h�T�w�ثe <tt/ttydX/ �˸m�O���O��
+ �b�ϥ� serial port�C�p�G���i�H�Ϊ���, ���N�|�� serial port �q
+ <tt/ttydX/ �˸m�⤤�m�L�ӡC�P�˪�, <tt/cuaXX/ �˸m���|�h�� carrier
+ detect�C���F�o�˪��]�p, �A�[�W�@�x�|�۰ʦ^���� modem, �z�N�i�H�O�P
+ �@�x modem �i�H�Q���ݨϥΪ̮��ӵn�J, �z�ۤv�]�i�H���� dialout, �t��
+ �|�۰��ˬd�O�_���Ĭ𪺲{�H�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn�p��Ұʹ� serial �h��d���䴩 ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�P�˪�, �b kernel �]�w���@�`�����즳���]�w kernel ����T�C�n�]�w�@
+ �i serial �h��d, �z���ݦb�z�� kernel �]�w�ɤ����C�@�� serial port
+ ���]�@�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio"
+ name="sio"> ���]�w�C���O�z�u��b���̤�����@�Өӳ]�w irq �H��
+ vector �C�d�W���Ҧ� port �|�@�ɦP�@�� irq �C�@��ӻ��ڭ̳��⥦�]�b��
+ ��@�� serial port �W�C���n�ѤF���w <tt/COM&lowbar;MULTIPORT/ �o��
+ option �C
+
+ <p>�U���O�@�ӧ� AST 4-port �d �]�b irq 7 ���Ҥl :
+
+ <verb>
+ options "COM_MULTIPORT"
+ device sio4 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty flags 0x781
+ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x781
+ device sio6 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x781
+ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�̪� flags �]�w�O�� master port �� minor number �O 7
+ (<tt/0x700/), �b�����ɰ��ˬd (<tt/0x080/), �H�ΩҦ��� port �@�ɤ@��
+ irq (<tt/0x001/) �C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>FreeBSD �i�H����h�i serial �h��d�ϥΦP�@�� irq �� ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�٨S�䴩�C�z���ݬ��C�i�d�]�w���P�� irq �C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڥi�H�� port �]�w�w�]�Ѽƶ� ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�q�`�z�|�Q���z�����ε{���}�� <tt/ttydX/ (�άO <tt/cuaaX/) �˸m�C��
+ �@�� process �}�Ҹ˸m�H��, ���|���@�չw�]���׺ݾ� I/O �]�w�C�z�i�H��
+ �U���o�ӫ��O���[��o�dz]�w
+
+ <verb>
+ stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>���z���ܤF�Y�Ӹ˸m���]�w��, �o�dz]�w�|�@���@��, ����o�Ӹ˸m�Q����
+ �F����C�����Q���}�ҫ�, �S�^�������w�]�ȤF�C�p�G�Q�n���ܹw�]��, �z
+ �i�H�}�Ҩíק� ``��l���A'' �˸m���]�w�C�|�Ҩӻ�, �p�G�z�Q���� ttyd5
+ ���w�]��, �� <tt/CLOCAL/ �Ҧ����}, 8 bits, �åB�ϥ�
+ <tt>XON/XOFF</tt> �y�q����, �z�i�H�o�˰� :
+
+ <verb>
+ stty -f /dev/ttyid5 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�z�i�H�b <tt>/etc/rc.serial</tt> �̰��o�˪��]�w�C�{�b�C�@�Ӷ}��
+ <tt/ttyd5/ �����ε{�����|�w�]�ϥγo�dz]�w�F�C�z�̵M�i�H�ΦP�˪���k
+ �h���ܳo�dz]�w�C
+
+ <p>�z�]�i�H�ǥѳ]�w ``��w���A'' �˸m�Ө����L���ε{���h��ʳo�dz]�w
+ �C�|�Ҩӻ�, �Q�n�� <tt/ttyd5/ ���t����w�b 57600 bps, �z�n�o�˰�
+
+ <verb>
+ stty -f /dev/ttyld5 57600
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�ˤ@��, �C�@�Ӷ}�� <tt/ttyd5/ �����ε{�����u��ϥ� 57600 bps ���t
+ �פF�C
+
+ <p>���M, �z���ݽT�w�z����l���A�H����w���A���˸m�u��Q <tt/root/ �g�J
+ �C<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV"
+ name="MAKEDEV"> �o�� script �� <bf/���|/ �b�إ߳o�Ǹ˸m�ɦ۰����z�]
+ �w�n�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn��ˤ~���� modem ���� dialup �n�J�O ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�z�O���O�Q�� ISP ? ����, �z�n���@���H�W�i�H�۰ʱ�ť�� modem�C�z��
+ modem �����n�� carrier-detect ���\��C���]�n����b data terminal
+ ready (<tt/DTR/) �Ѷ}�ର���ɭ��s�]�w�ۤv�C���γ\�]�n����ϥ�
+ <tt>RTS/CTS</tt> �y�q����άO��������y�q����C�̫�, ����������b�q
+ ���M���ۤv���ǿ餤�ϥΩw�t, ���O�b���M���� modem ���s�u�譱�h�n����
+ �Ӷǿ�t�ת���O�C
+
+ <p>�� Hayes ���O���ۮe modem �ӻ�, �U�������O�|��W�@�q�����������]�n
+ �æs�b�D���o�ʰO���餤 :
+
+ <verb>
+ AT &amp;C1 &amp;D3 &amp;K3 &amp;Q6 S0=1 &amp;W
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�ݬݤU���� <ref id="direct-at" name="�ǰe AT ���O��"> �o�@�`�i�H�o
+ ��h�����p�󤣧Q�� MS-DOS �׺ݵ{���Ӱ��o�dz]�w����ơC
+
+ <p>���U��, �b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys"
+ name="/etc/ttys"> ���z�� modem ���]�w�C�C�b�o���ɮפ����O�Ҧ��t�η|
+ �� login �� ports �C���U���o�˥[�J�@�� :
+
+ <verb>
+ ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.57600" dialup on insecure
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�@����O�ĤG�� serial port (<tt>/dev/ttyd1</tt>) �O�@�ӥH 57600
+ bps �t�צb�ǿ骺 modem, �åB�����P���ˬd (<tt/std.57600/ �O�b
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?gettytab"
+ name="/etc/gettytab"> �ɸ̫��w��) �C�o�� port ���׺ݾ����A�O
+ ``dialup'' �C�o�� port �]�� ``on'' �ӥB�O ``insecure'' �� --- �N��O
+ root ����q�o�̳s�u�i�ӡC�z���ݬ��C�� dialin port ��������
+ <tt/ttydX/ ���]�w�C
+
+ <p>�q�`�ڭ̷|�� ``dialup'' �Ӱ����׺ݾ����A�C�p�G�ϥΪ̵n�J�ɪ��ҩl��
+ �A�O dialup ����, �ܦh�ϥΪ̳��|�b�L�̪� .profile �άO .login �ɤ��]
+ �w�L�̯u�����׺ݾ����A�C�W�����Ҥl���ڭ��|���O insecure ���Ҥl�C�p�G
+ �z�Q�n�b�o�� port �ܦ� root ����, �z�����Τ@��ϥΪ̪������n�J, �M��
+ ``<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?su" name="su">''
+ �� <tt/root/ �C�p�G�z���O ``secure'' ����, �h <tt/root/ �i�H�����n
+ �J�C
+
+ <p>�b�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys"
+ name="/etc/ttys"> ���L�ק蠟��, �z�����e�@�� hangup �άO <tt/HUP/
+ �� signal �� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?init"
+ name="init"> process :
+
+ <verb>
+ kill -HUP 1
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�˷|�j�� init process �h��Ū <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" name="/etc/ttys"> �C
+ �M�� init process �N�|�b�Ҧ��� ``on'' port �W���s�Ұ� getty
+ process �C�z�i�H�ΤU�C���O���ˬd�z�� port �O���O�i�H login �F
+
+ <verb>
+ ps -ax | grep '[t]tyd1'
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�z�|���������o�˪����G :
+
+ <verb>
+ 747 ?? I 0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn���� dumb terminal �s�W FreeBSD ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�z�n��O���q�������O FreeBSD ���׺ݾ�����, �z�u�ݭn�b��̪�
+ serial port �����o�@�� null modem �ƽu�Y�i�C�p�G�z���@�ӯu���׺ݾ�
+ ����, �ݬݥ������O���a�C
+
+ <p>�M��, ���W�@�Ӱ��D�@�˭ק�
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys"
+ name="/etc/ttys"> �C�|�Ҩӻ�, �p�G�z��@�� WYSE-50 �׺ݾ����b�Ĥ���
+ serial port �W����, �N�n�γo�˪��]�w :
+
+ <verb>
+ ttyd4 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wyse50 on secure
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�ӨҤl�ܽd���O <tt>/dev/ttyd4</tt> �ҥN���� port �Ϊ��O wyse50 ��
+ �ݾ�, �s�u�t�� 38400 bps, ���ϥΦP���ˬd (<tt/std.38400/ �O�q
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?gettytab"
+ name="/etc/gettytab"> �]�w��) �ӥB <tt/root/ �i�H login (secure) �C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>������ڤ������ <tt/tip/ �� <tt/cu/ �O ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�b�z���t��, <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip"
+ name="tip"> �M <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu"
+ name="cu"> �ܥi��u��� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?uucp" name="uucp"> �ϥΪ̩M
+ <tt/dialer/ �s�դ~�����C�z�i�H�� <tt/dialer/ �s�ըӱ���쩳���֥i
+ �H�s���z�� modem �H�λ��ݨt�ΡC�z�u�n��z�ۤv�[�� dialer �s�դ��N�i
+ �H�F�C
+
+ <p>�t�~�@�ؤ�k�O, �z�i�H���z�t�ΤW�Ҧ��ϥΪ̳��i�H���� <tt/tip/ �M
+ <tt/cu/ , �u�n�z
+
+ <verb>
+ # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu
+ # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>FreeBSD ���䴩�ڪ� stock Hayes modem --- �ڭn���� ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�ƹ�W, <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip"
+ name="tip"> �� man page �w�g�L�ɤF�C�@�몺 Hayes dialer �w�g���ئb�t
+ ���C�z�u�n�b <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote">
+ ���w ``<tt/at=hayes/'' �N�i�H�F�C
+
+ <p>�i�����O, Hayes ���X�ʵ{�������o��, ���Ƿs modem �W���i���\�०�L�k
+ ���ѥX�� --- �Ҧp <tt/BUSY/ , <tt/NO DIALTONE/ , �άO
+ <tt/CONNECT 115200/ �o�����T�����N�|�d�V�C�z�b�ϥ� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> ���ɭԥ���
+ �⥦������ (�� <tt/ATX0&amp;W/) �C
+
+ <p>�٦�, <tt/tip/ �� dial �O�ɮɶ��O 60 ���C�z�� modem �i��n�]�o��u,
+ �_�h tip �|�{���o�ͤF�q�T�W�����D�C�ոլ�<tt/ATS7=45&amp;W/ �C
+
+ <p>�ƹ�W <tt/tip/ �٨S�������䴩���C�ѨM��k�O�h�ק�
+ <tt>/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip</tt> �ؿ��̪� <tt/tipconf.h/ �C����M�z
+ �����n����l�{���X�~��o�򰵡C
+
+ <p>�� ``<tt/#define HAYES 0/'' �令 ``<tt/#define HAYES 1/'' �C�M��
+ ``<tt/make/'' �� ``<tt/make install/'' �C����@�����|��_���`�F�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڤ���ɭԭn������J AT ���O ?<label id="direct-at">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�b�z�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote"
+ name="/etc/remote"> �ɸ̥[�@�� ``<tt/direct/'' �C�|�Ҩӻ�, �p�G�z��
+ modem �s���b�Ĥ@�� serial port, <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt>, �h�z�n�[�J�U��
+ �o�@�� :
+
+ <verb>
+ cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�b br �椤�]�w�z modem �Ҥ䴩���̰��t�C����, ��J <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip cuaa0"> ����
+ �z�N�s�W�z�� modem �F�C
+
+ <p>�p�G�z���t�ΤW�S�� <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt> , �z�N���o�� :
+
+ <verb>
+ # cd /dev
+ # ./MAKEDEV cuaa0
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�άO�z�i�H�� root ���� cu ���O, ���o�� :
+
+ <verb>
+ # cu -l``line'' -s``speed''
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�o�̪� line �O���z�� serial port (�Ҧp <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt>) , speed
+ �O���z���ǿ�t�� (�Ҧp <tt>57600</tt>) �C�p�G�z�U�� AT ���O��, ��J
+ <tt>~.</tt> �i�H���}�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>pn �椤�� <tt/@/ ����ΤF !</heading>
+
+ <p>�q�ܸ��X�椤�� <tt/@/ �O���O�Ψӧi�D tip �h <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?phones(5)"
+ name="/etc/phones"> ��q�ܸ��X�C���O <tt/@/ �P�ɤ]�O <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote">
+ �o���ɮפ����S���r���C�z�i�H�[�W�ϱ׽u :
+
+ <verb>
+ pn=\@
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn���b�R�O�C�U���q�ܩO ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�b�z�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote"
+ name="/etc/remote"> ��@�� ``<tt/generic/''�C�|�Ҩӻ� :
+
+ <verb>
+ tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\
+ :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
+ tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\
+ :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�M��z�N�i�H�� ``<tt/tip -115200 5551234/'' �o�˥ΤF�C�p�G�z�����
+ �w�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu" name="cu">
+ ����, �ϥ� generic cu ��� :
+
+ <verb>
+ cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\
+ :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�M���J ``<tt/cu 5551234 -s 115200/'' �C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڨC���Ϊ��ɭԳ��n��J bps �t�׶� ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�z�i�H�ϥ����� <tt/tip1200/ �άO <tt/cu1200/ �����, ���L�b�z�ϥΤ�
+ �e�Х��T�w�z�� br ��i�H�䴩�o�ӳt�סC<htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> �{�� 1200
+ bps �O�@�ӫܦn���w�]��, �o�]�N�O������n�s�� ``<tt/tip1200/'' ����]
+ �F�C���M�z�]�i�H���n�� 1200 bps �C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�z�L�@�x terminal server �Ӧs���D���C</heading>
+
+ <p>���F�C�����z�s�W server ����J ``<tt/CONNECT &lt;host&gt;/'' �H�~,
+ ����n����k�O�� tip �� <tt/cm/ �C�|�Ҩӻ�, �ݬ� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote"> :
+
+ <verb>
+ pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\
+ :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13:
+ muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\
+ :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13:
+ deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\
+ :dv=/dev/cua02:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234:
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�i�H���z�u�� ``<tt/tip pain/'' �άO ``<tt/tip muffin/'' �N�i�H�s�W
+ pain �� muffin ; �M�� ``<tt/tip deep13/'' �i�H�s�W terminal server�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>tip �i�H�b�@���s�u����ܦh�x������ ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�q�`�o�Ӱ��D�o�ͦb : �@���j�Ǧ��@�� modem , �ӥB���W�d�W�ǥͭn��...
+
+ <p>�b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote"
+ name="/etc/remote"> �̬��z���j�dz]�@�����, �èϥ� <tt>\@</tt> �@��
+ ���� <tt/pn/ :
+
+ <verb>
+ big-university:\
+ :pn=\@:tc=dialout
+ dialout:\
+ :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none:
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�M��, ��j�Ǫ������q�ܩ�b <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?phones" name="/etc/phones">
+ �� :
+
+ <verb>
+ big-university 5551111
+ big-university 5551112
+ big-university 5551113
+ big-university 5551114
+ </verb>
+
+ <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip">
+ �|�̷Ӫ��C�����Ǩ̦��|��, �̫���C�p�G�z�n�@���ժ���, �z�i�H�b
+ while �j��̰��� <tt/tip/ �C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>������ګ��⦸ CTRL+P, �i�O�o�u�e�X�F�@�� CTRL+P ?</heading>
+
+ <p>CTRL+P �O���w�� ``force'' �r��, �Ψӧi�D <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> �U�@�Ӧr��
+ �O�@��r���C�z�i�H�ǥ� <tt/~s/ (�N�� ``�]�w�ܼ�'') ���L�r���]���j
+ ���r���C
+
+ <p>��J ``<tt/~sforce=&lt;single-char&gt;/'' �᭱���@�� newline �C
+ <tt/&lt;single-char&gt;/ �i�H�O���N��@�r���C�p�G�z�u��
+ <tt/&lt;single-char&gt;/ , �h nul �N�Q�]���O force character, �z�i
+ �H�ǥѫ� CTRL+2 �άO CTRL+SPACE �ӫ��X nul �CSHIFT+CTRL+6 �O�@�Ӥ�
+ ���� <tt/&lt;single-char&gt;/ , �ڬݹL�@�Dz׺ݾ����O�o��]�w�C
+
+ <p>�z�]�i�H�b <tt>&dollar;HOME/.tiprc</tt> ���]�w force character :
+
+ <verb>
+ force=<single-char>
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>��M���ڥ����F�賣�ܦ��j�g�F ??</heading>
+
+ <p>�z���ӬO����F CTRL+A, �b <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> �����S��
+ caps-lock �䪺�ϥΪ̩ҳ]�p�� ``raise character''�C�z�i�H���W�Ӱ��D
+ �@�˧Q�� <tt/~s/ �ӧ� ``raisechar'' �o���ܼƧ令�X�z���ȡC�ƹ�W,
+ �p�G�z�{���z�û������|�Ψ�o��ӥ\�઺��, �z�i�H�⥦�]���� force
+ character �@�ˡC
+
+ <p>�U���O�@�Ӭ� Emacs �ϥΪ̩ҳ]�w�� .tiprc , Emacs �ϥΪ̱`�`�|�Ψ�
+ CTRL+2 �M CTRL+A :
+
+ <verb>
+ force=^^
+ raisechar=^^
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>^^ �N�O SHIFT+CTRL+6 �C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn�p��ϥ� <tt/tip/ �Ӷ��ɮשO ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�z���ﹳ�]�O UNIX �t�Ϊ���, �z�i�H�� <tt/~p/ (put) �M <tt/~t/
+ (take) �Ӧ��e��ơC�o��өR�O�|�b���ݾ������� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cat" name="cat"> �M <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?echo" name="echo"> �Ӧ��e��
+ �סC�Ϊk�O :
+
+ <verb>
+ ~p <local-file> [<remote-file>]
+ ~t <remote-file> [<local-file>]
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�����|�����~�ˬd, �ҥH�z�̦n�ΧO���q�T��w, �Ҧp zmodem �C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn���� <tt/tip/ �Ӷ] zmodem �O ?</heading>
+
+ <p>����, �q ports ����@�� zmodem �{���Ӧw �� (�Ҧp�b comms �ؿ��U��
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^lrzsz"
+ name="lrzsz"> �άO <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^rzsz" name="rzsz"> ) �C
+
+ <p>�b�����ɮפ譱, �z�n���b���ݱҰʶǰe�{���C�M��� enter �A��J
+ ``<tt/~C rz/'' (�p�G�z�w�� lrzsz ���ܴN�n�� ``<tt/~C lrz/'') �N�i�H
+ �}�l�����F�C
+
+ <p>�b�ǰe�ɮפ譱, �z�n���b���ݱҰʶǰe�{���C�M��� enter �A��J
+ ``<tt/~C sz &lt;files&gt;/'' (�άO ``<tt/~C lsz &lt;files&gt;/'') �N
+ �i�H���ɮװe�컷�ݨt�ΤF�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�N��ڳ]�w�L�~, FreeBSD �n���٬O�䤣��ڪ� serial port ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�z���D���O�άO�d�W���Ψ� Acer �� UART ��������, FreeBSD �b�}����
+ �� sio �����i��|�����T�C�z�i�H�q <url
+ url="http://www.lemis.com/serial-port-patch.html" name="www.lemis.com">
+ ��� patch �ӭץ��o�Ӱ��D�C
+
+ </sect>
+
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml b/zh/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48e3bbc14b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+<!-- $Id: troubleshoot.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by corona@tale.net -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.9 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>�`�����D�ѨM<label id="troubleshoot"></heading>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڪ��w�Ц��a�y!<label id="awre"></heading>
+
+ <p>�Y�O SCSI �w�Ъ��ܡA���Ӧ���O�۰ʧ@ re-mapping ���ʧ@�C
+ �M�ӡA�]���@�ǯ������]���A�b�X�t�ɡA�ܦh�w�Ъ��o���\��O������.
+ <p>�n�N�䭫�s�}�ҡA�z�ݭn�s��˸m���Ĥ@�� page �Ҧ�
+ �]first device page mode�^�A�b FreeBSD �W�i�H�ΤU�������O���
+ �]�H root ��������^
+
+ <verb>
+ scsi -f /dev/rsd0c -m 1 -e -P 3
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�M��N AWRE �M ARRE ���ƭȱq 0 �ܦ� 1:-
+
+ <verb>
+ AWRE (Auto Write Reallocation Enbld): 1
+ ARRE (Auto Read Reallocation Enbld): 1
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�W���o�q�O��
+ <url url="mailto:tedm@toybox.placo.com" name="Ted Mittelstaedt">�Ҵ���:
+
+ <p>�Y�� IDE �w�СA�����a�y�q�`���O�·Ъ��w���C�ثe�Ҧ����s�� IDE �w
+ �СA���������۰� remapping �a�y����O�C�ثe�Ҧ� IDE �w�лs�y�ӡA������
+ �F��[���O�ҡA�ӥB�|���z�󴫥X�{�a�y���w�СC
+
+ <p>�p�G�z���Q�n�״_�����a�y�� IDE �w�СA�z���i�H�յۥh�U�� IDE �w�лs�y
+ �өҴ��Ѫ��˴��{���A�åΥ����ˬd�z���w�СC���ɳo�dzn��i�H�j���w�йq��
+ ���s�ˬd�w�Ъ��a�y�A�ñN���̼ХܥX��.
+
+ <p>�� ESDI�ARLL �� MFM ���w�Шӻ��A�q�`�a�y�O���`�{�H�A�]���O����·Ъ�
+ �e���C�b PC �W�A�Ϻб���d�M BIOS �t�d�Х��a�y�����ȡC�o��@�Ǩϥ� BIOS
+ �Ӧs���ϺЪ��@�~����(�p DOS)�O�S�����D���C�M�ӡAFreeBSD ���Ϻ��X�ʵ{��
+ �ä��g�L BIOS �Ӧs���ϺСA�ҥH�A���� bad144 ������ΨӨ��N�o���\��C
+ bad144 �u��Φb wd �o�ӺϺ��X�ʵ{���W�A���L�k�Φb SCSI �w�ФW�Cbad144
+ ���u�@��k�O�N�Ҧ���쪺�a�y��Ʀs��@�ӯS�O���ɮ��ءC
+
+ <p>�ϥ� bad144 ��ĵ�i - �s���a�y��ƪ��S�O�ɮ׬O��b�w�Ъ��̫�@�y
+ �W�C�]���o���ɮ��x�s���a�y��Ƥ��A���i�঳�Ǹ�ƬO���V�w�г̫e�ݩҵo��
+ ���a�y���ΡA�N�O�i���x�s /kernel �o���ɪ��a��A�ҥH���@�w�n��Q�}���{��
+ ��Ū���A�Ӷ}���{���O�z�L BIOS ��Ū�� kernel �ɡC�o���ܤF�ϥ� bad144 ��
+ �w�е�����֦��W�L 1024 �� cylinder�A16 �� head �� 63 �� sector�C
+ �o�y���F�ϥ� bad144 ���w�Ъ��j�p����j�� 500 MB�C
+
+ <p>�n�ϥ� bad144 ��²��A�u�n�b�}�l�w�ˮɡA�b FreeBSD fdisk �e����
+ "Bad Block" ���˳]�� ON �Y�i�C�b FreeBSD 2.2.7 �H�᳣�i�H�ϥΦ���k�C
+ ���o�ӵw�Ъ� cylinder �@�w�n�b 1024 �H�U�C�ϥΫe�A�ڭ̫�ij�o�ӵw�Эn
+ �ܤ֥��ϥΥ|�Ӥp�ɡA�H�K�����ȻP�ϭy�����F�@�몬�A�C
+
+ <p>�p�G�o�ӵw�о֦��W�L 1024 �� cylinder (���j�e�q�� ESDI �w��)�A
+ ESDI ����d�Q�Τ@�ӯS�O���ഫ�Ҧ��ϥ���b DOS �U�u�@�C
+ �Ӧp�G�z�b fdisk �ت� "set geometry" ����J "�ഫ�L" �� geometry�Awd �o
+ ���X�ʵ{����F�ѳo���ഫ�Ҧ��C�z�]���藍��ϥ� dangerously dedicated ��
+ ���ӫإ� FreeBSD �����ΰϡA�]�����|���� geometry �o�ӰѼơC
+ ���~�A�N�� fdisk �ϥαz�ҿ�J�� geometry �ѼơA���̵M�|�hŪ���o�w�Ъ�
+ �u����ơA�ӷ|���եh�إߤ@�ӹL�j�� FreeBSD ���ΰϡC�p�G�ϺЪ� geometry
+ �w�g�Q "�ഫ" �L�F�A����o�Ӥ��ΰ� "����" �H��ʿ�J block �ƥت���k��
+ �إߡC
+
+ <p>�@�ӧֳt���p�ޥ��O�Q�� ESDI ����d�ӳ]�w�j�e�q�� ESDI �w�СA�� DOS �}
+ �����}���A�A�N�� format �� DOS �����ΰϡC�M�᭫�}���i�J FreeBSD �w�˵{��
+ �A�b fdisk �e���A��DOS ���ΰϪ� blocksize �M block number �ۤU�ӡC�M�᭫
+ �s�]�w geometry �Ϩ�� DOS �ϥΪ��@�ˡC�R�� DOS ���ΰϡA�M��ϥαz����
+ �U�� blocksize �ӫإߤ@�� cooperative FreeBSD ���ΰϡC�M��]�w�o�Ӥ��ΰ�
+ ���i�}���A�A���}�a�y���ˡC�b�u�����w�˹L�{���Abad144 �|�b�����ɮרt�γQ
+ �إ߫e���Q����C(�z�i�H�� Alt-F2 �Ӻʬݳo�@��)�p�G�b�إ��a�y����ɮɵo��
+ �F���D�A�z�|�ݭn�]�w�@�Ӹ��j���Ϻ� geometry - �o���ܱz�ݭn���}���A�M���
+ ���A���s�}�l (�]�A���s���ΥH�Φb DOS �U���s format)�C
+
+ <p>�p�G remapping ���\��w�g�ҰʤF�A�ӱz�̵M�@���ݨ��a�y���͡A����Ҽ{
+ ���@�x�w�Чa�C�a�y�����Υu�|�H�ɶ��W�[�ӧ��Y���C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>FreeBSD �줣��ڪ� Bustek 742a EISA SCSI �d!</heading>
+
+ <p>�U������T�O�� 742a �o�i�d�Ϊ��A���O��L Buslogic ���d�γ\�]�i�H
+ �A�ΡC (Bustek �N�O Buslogic)
+
+ <p>742a �o�i�d����ӥD�n���u�����v�C�@�ӬO���� A-G�A�t�@�ӬO���� H
+ �Ψ�H��C������T�i�H�q�����d��t���y�����̫᭱�o���C742a �o�i
+ �d����Ӱ�Ū�����b���W���A�@�ӬO BIOS �����A�ӥt�@�ӬO���鴹���C
+ FreeBSD �ä��b�G�z�d�W�� BIOS �����A���O���骺�����N�ܭ��n�F�C�p�G
+ �A���q�ܵ��L�̧޳N�䴩�M�u���ܡA�L�̷|�H���z�̷s�������ѱz�ɯšC
+ BIOS �M���鴹���O�@�_�e�Ӫ��C �z�ݭn�N�d�W BIOS �M���骩���A�̱z�d
+ ���������P�A�ɯŨ�̷s���@���C
+
+ <p>���� A-G ���d�̰��u��N BIOS/���� �ɯŨ� 2.41/2.21 ���A�Ӫ��� H
+ ��A�ثe BIOS/���骺�̷s�����O 4.70/3.37�C�o��Ӷ��骩�������t���b
+ ��A3.37 �o���䴩 ``round robin''
+
+ <p>Buslogic ���d�W���]�����Ǹ��C�p�G�z�d���������¡A�z�i�H�յۥ��q
+ �ܵ� Buslogic ��RMA �����A�M�ᵹ�L�̱z���Ǹ��A�ݯण���L�̥洫�@
+ �i���s�������d�C�p�G���i�d���ª��ܡA�L�̷|�����A�C
+
+ <p>FreeBSD 2.1 �u�䴩���� 2.21 ���H�᪺�����C�p�G�z���骩����o����
+ �ª��ܡA����z���d�N����Q���ѥX�O Buslogic ���d�C�����i��|�Q���Ѧ�
+ Adaptec 1540�C������ Buslogic �d�W�����馳�@�� AHA1540``����''�Ҧ��A
+ �o��@�i EISA �d�ӻ��ä��O��n�ơC
+
+ <p>�p�G�z���@�i���ª������d�A�ӱz���o 2.21 �����骺�ܡA�z�ݭn�ˬd�@�U
+ jumper W1 ����m�A�N���զ� B-C�A��l�]�w�O A-B�C
+
+ <p>742a EISA �d�S���b <ref id="bigram" name="�b�֦� &gt;16 MB �O���骺�����W">
+ �o�q���Ҵ��L�� ``&gt;16MB'' ���D�C�o�Ӱ��D�u�|�o�ͦb Vesa-Local �׬y�ƪ�
+ Buslogic SCSI �d�W�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ FreeBSD �줣��ڪ� HP Netserver �� SCSI ����d�I
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�򥻤W�o�ӬO�@�Ӥw�������D�C�b HP Netserver �����W�� on-board
+ EISA ���� SCSI ����d�e�ڤF�w�}���� 11 �� EISA �ѡA�]���Ҧ��� ``�u��''
+ EISA �ѳ��b�����e�C�i�O�A�b EISA �w�}�Ŷ� >= 10 �ɡA�|�P���w�� PCI
+ �Ϊ��w�}�Ŷ��۽Ĭ�A�B FreeBSD �� auto-configuration �L�k���T���B�z
+ �o�ӱ��ΡC
+
+ <p>�]���A�{�b�A�వ���̦n�Ʊ��N�O�b kernel �س]�w <tt/EISA_SLOTS/
+ �o�ӿﶵ�� 12 �A�M����@�S���o�Ӱ��D :)�C
+ �Ш̷� <url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html"
+ name="Handbook ������ kernel ���]�w"> �ةһ�����k��
+ �]�w�P�s�z�� kernel
+
+ <p>���M�A�b�w�˨�o�ؾ����W�ɡA�o�O�@�����ͳJ�J���������D�C
+ ���F�ѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A�b <em>UserConfig</em> �����@�ӯS�O����k�A
+ �w�ˮɤ��n�i�J ``visual'' �����A�ۤϪ��A�b�R�O�C�Ҧ����A��J
+
+ <verb>
+ eisa 12
+ quit
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�M��N�p�H���@�˦w�˱z���t�ΡC���M�ڭ̫�ij�z�sĶ�P�w�ˤ@��
+ �ݩ�ۤv�� kernel�A��
+
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?dset" name="dset">
+ �{�b�]�w�g�F�ѳo�ӰѼơA�B�|�x�s���C
+
+ <p>�Ʊ�A�b���Ӫ����������o�Ӱ��D���@�Ӧn���ѨM��k�C
+
+ <p><tt/�`�N:/ �z�L�k�b HP Netserver �W�ϥ� <bf/dangerously dedicated/
+ �ϺмҦ��C�z�i�H�Ѧ� <ref id="dedicate" name="�o������">�H��o��h
+ ��T�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>CMD640 IDE ������X�F������D?</heading>
+
+ <p>�������D�b��L�k�P�ɳB�z��� channel �����O�C
+
+ <p>�{�b�w�g���ӸѨM��k�F�A�B�|�۰ʦb�z�ϥγo�������ɱҰʡC
+ �p�G�ݭn��Ժɪ������A�Ьd�\�����Ϻ��X�ʵ{��������(man 4 wd)
+
+ <p>�p�G�z�ثe�O�ϥ� CMD640 IDE ������A�[�W FreeBSD 2.2.1 ��
+ 2.2.2�A�ӥB�z�S�Q�n�ϥΨ�ĤG�� channel �ɡA�Цb�z�� kernel �]
+ �w���[�J <tt/options "CMD640"/ �M�᭫�s�sĶ�@�ӷs�� kernel�C
+ �o�� option �b 2.2.5 ���H��O���w�Ұʪ��C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڤ@���ݨ����� ``<tt/ed1: timeout/'' ���T��</heading>
+
+ <p>�o�ӳq�`�O�ѩ��_�Ĭ�(interrupt conflict)�ҳy���� (�Ҧp�A����d
+ �ϥΨ�F�ۦP�� IRQ)�C FreeBSD �b 2.0.5 ���H�e���e�\�o�ӱ��ΡA
+ �N�⦳ IRQ �Ĭ𱡧ΡA�����d�]���Ӥ��i���`�B�@�C
+ �M�ӡA�b 2.0.5 ���Ψ�H��A�w���A�e�\�� IRQ �Ĭ𪺱��ΤF�C
+ �Щ�}���ɨϥ� -c �o�ӿﶵ�A�M���� ed0/de0/..�C�����]�w�A�Ϩ�
+ �M�z�����d�������]�w�@�P�C
+
+ <p>�p�G�z�O�ϥαz�����d�W�� BNC ���Y�A�z�γ\�]�|�]���}���׺ݹq���]�w�A
+ �ӵo�͸˸m (device) timeout �����ΡC�n�ˬd�O�_���o�ر��ΡA�z�i�H�b
+ �����d�W�������W�׺ݹq�� (���n�������u)�A�M��ݬݳo�ӿ��~�T���O���O
+ �N�����F�C
+
+ <p>���� NE2000 ���ۮe�d�A�p�G���� UTP ��S���������u�A�άO�Ӻ����u��
+ �S�Q�ϥΪ��ܡA�]�|�X�{�o�ӿ��~�T���C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�b�ڷQ�n���W CDROM �ɡA�X�{``Incorrect super block''���T��</heading>
+
+ <p>�z�����i�D
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount" name="mount">
+ �z�Q���W�� device ���ɮ׮榡�C�b��l�]�w�ءA
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount" name="mount">
+ �|���]�z���ɮ׮榡�� ``<tt/ufs/''�C�p�G�z�Q�n���W CD-ROM �ت��ɮסA
+ �z�ݭn�b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount"
+ name="mount">�C
+ �ɫ��w ``<tt/-t cd9660/'' �o�ӿﶵ�C���M�A�o�O���]���Ф��O�ϥ�
+ ISO 9660 ���ɮרt�� (���j�h�ƥ��Ф��ҬO�γo�M�ɮרt��)
+ �B�b 1.1 ���H��AFreeBSD �w�g��ݱo�� Rock Ridge (���ɦW) �o�ө����榡�C
+
+ <p>�|�Ҩӻ��A�p�G�z�Q�N ``<tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>'' �o�� CDROM �˸m (device)
+ ���b <tt>/mnt</tt> �U�A�z�ݭn����:
+
+ <verb>
+ mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�n�`�N���O�A�z���˸m�W�٥i��|���@�� (�b���d�Ҥ��O
+ ``<tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>''�A���O�ھڱz�� CDROM �����өw���C
+ �t�~�n�`�N���A``<tt/-t cd9660/'' �o�ӿﶵ�u�O�I�s
+ ``<tt/mount&lowbar;cd9660/'' �o�ӫ��O�A�ҥH�W���o�ӽd��
+ �]�i�H�Y�u��:
+
+ <verb>
+ mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>���ڷQ���W CDROM �ɡA�X�{�F ``Device not configured'' �����~�T��
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�o�q�`�O���ܱz�� CD-ROM �ح��S�����Ф��A�Ϊ̬O�o�x�����L�k�Q
+ �׬y�� (bus) ���C������Ф��b���о��ءA�p�G���O IDE (ATAPI) ��
+ ���о����ܡA�ˬd�@�U���� master/slave ���A�C���о��q�`�ݭn�X����
+ ���ɶ��~��Ƨ� (ready)�A�ҥH�Э@�ߵ��ԡC
+
+ <p>���ɳo�O�o�ͦb SCSI CD-ROM �W�A�]�����b�׬y�ƭ��m (bus reset)
+ �ɨӤ��Φ^���A�ҥH�����F�C�p�G�z�֦����O SCSI CD-ROM�A�й��զb
+ kernel �]�w�ɤ��[�J�H�U���]�w�A�M�᭫�s�sĶ�C
+
+ <verb>
+ options "SCSI_DELAY=15"
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڪ��L���t�ׯ}�ѯ�C�C�ڸӫ�򰵡H</heading>
+
+
+ <p>�p�G�O�����A�B�ߤ@�����D�N�O�t�׫ܺC���ܡA�յ۳]�w�z��
+ �L������ ``polled'' �Ҧ�:
+
+ <verb>
+ lptcontrol -p
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>���Ƿs�� HP �L�������G�L�k�b interrupt �Ҧ������`�u�@�A
+ �ܩ��㪺�O�]���@�Ǯɯ߰��D (���٤��O���A�Ѭ�����|�p��)
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڪ��{�����ɷ|�] ``Signal 11'' �o�ӿ��~�Ӱ���</heading>
+
+ <p>�o�ӳq�`�O�]�������D���w�� (�O����A�D���O����) �ҳy����.
+ �ոզb�z�� PC �W�]�ӰO������յ{���ݬݡC�`�N�A�N��z�չL���C�@�ذO
+ ������յ{�����^�����z���O����S�����D�A���O�A���@�ǧC�~�誺�O����A
+ ���M��q�L�O������աA���L�b�u���u�@�ɫo�|�X���D (�Ҧp�q
+ Adaptec 1542 ���� SCSI ����d�� bus mastering DMA�B�b�s�� kernel �ɡB
+ �άO�t�Ϊ��t���ܰ���)
+
+ <p>SIG11 FAQ (��}�b�U��) ���X�O���骺�t�פ����ֳq�`�O�o�Ӱ��D����]�C
+ �յۦb�z�� BIOS �]�w���W�[�O���� wait ���A���ɶ��A�άO�󴫧�֪��O��
+ ��C
+
+ <p>�H�ڦӨ��A�ڴ��J�L�Ѥ��}���֨��O����άO���}�� on-board �֨��d
+ �ҳy�����o�Ӱ��D�C�յۦb BIOS �]�w������ on-board (�ĤG��) �֨��A
+ �ݬݳo�˯ण��ѨM�o�Ӱ��D
+
+ <p>�o�঳�@���ܦn�� FAQ:
+ <url url="http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/" name="SIG11 ���D�� FAQ">
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>���ڶ}���ɡA�ù��ܶ¡A�B�����{�ʡI</heading>
+
+ <p>�o�Ӱ��D�A�w���O�� ATI Mach 64 ��ܥd�Ҥް_���C�]���o���d�ϥΨ�
+ <tt/2e8/ �o�Ӧ�}�A�ӳo�P�ĥ|�ӧǦC��(serial port)�ҨϥΪ���}�ۦP�C��
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" name="sio.c">
+ �o���X�ʵ{���A�����D�O bug �άO�\��(feather)�A�N��z�S���ĥ|�ӧǦC��A
+ �άO�w�g�N sio3 (�ĥ|�ӧǦC��^�����F�A���̵M�|�h�����X�ʥ��C
+
+ <p>����o�Ӱ��D�Q�ѨM�H�e�A�z�i�H�ϥγo�Ӥ�k�G
+
+ <enum>
+ <item>�b�}�����ܡ]�ݨ�<tt/boot:/ �ɡ^���J <tt/-c/�C �]�o�|�� kernel
+ �i�J�]�w�Ҧ��^
+
+ <item>���� <tt/sio0/�A<tt/sio1/�A<tt/sio2/ and <tt/sio3/ �]�����^
+ �o�i�H�� sio �X�ʵ{�����ʧ@ -> ��O���D�ѨM�C
+
+ <item>��J exit �H�~��Ұʵ{��
+ </enum>
+
+ <p>�p�G�z�Q�n�ϥαz���ǦC��A�z�ݭn�ק�
+ <tt>/usr/src/sys/i386/isa/sio.c</tt>�A�b���ɤ���X <tt/0x2e8/ �o�Ӧr��
+ �����o�Ӧr��Υ��e�����r���]�O�d�᭱���^�A�M�᭫�s�sĶ�@�ӷs�� kernel
+
+ <p>�N��ϥΤF�W���o�Ǥ�k�AX Window ���M���i��L�k���Q����C���Ƿs��
+ ATI Mach 64 ��ܥd�]�S�O�O ATI Mach Xpression�^�A�L�k�b�ثe������
+ <tt/XFree86/ �W���`�u�@�F�Ұ� X Window �ɿù��ܶ¡A�άO�|���_�Ǫ����D
+ �o�͡C�z�i�H�� <url url="http://www.xfree86.org" name="XFree86 ������">
+ ��� new beta release �o�ӳs��(link)�A�Ө��o X-server �� beta ���A����
+ �ۮe�������ӴN����n�F�C�z�ݭn���o�U�C�o���ɮסG
+
+ <p><tt>AccelCards�ABetaReport�ACards�ADevices�AFILES�AREADME.ati�A
+ README.FreeBSD�AREADME.Mach64�ARELNOTES�AVGADriver.Doc�A
+ X312BMa64.tgz</tt>
+
+ <p>�H�o���ɮר��N�z�즳�����ɮסA�M����O�A�] <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=xf86config"
+ name="xf86config"> �@�M�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ �ڦ� 128 MB �� RAM�A���O�t�Υu�Ψ䤤�� 64MB
+ <label id="reallybigram">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�]�� FreeBSD �O�ϥΩI�s BIOS �Ө��o�O����j�p����k�A�]�����u��
+ ������ 16 bits �줸���ת� KByte �j�p (65535 KBytes = 64MB)
+ (�Ϊ̧��..�C���� BIOS �N�̰��O����j�p�����u�� 16MB)
+ �p�G�z�֦� 64MB �H�W�� RAM�AFreeBSD �|���եh�����X���A���O���i��
+ �|���ѡC
+
+ <p>�n�ѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A�z�ݭn�ϥΤU���Ҵ��� kernel �]�w�ﶵ�C
+ ���M����k�i�H�q BIOS �����o�O���骺�����T�A���O�ثe�ڭ̦b
+ bootblock ���èS���h�l���Ŷ��Ӱ��o��ơC���Y�� bootblock �Ŷ�
+ ������������o�ѨM�ɡA�ڭ̱N�|�ϥ� BIOS �������\��Ө��o�O��
+ �骺�����T...���{�b�ڭ̱N����b kernel �]�w�ﶵ���C
+
+ <tt>
+ options "MAXMEM=&lt;n>"
+ </tt>
+
+ <p><tt/n/ �O���z���O����j�p�A�H KB �����C�H�@�x�� 128MB RAM ��
+ �����ӻ��A�z�i�ϥ� <tt/131072/ �o�ӼƦr�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>FreeBSD 2.0 �]�� ``kmem_map too small!'' �ӵo�� panic�I</heading>
+
+ <p><tt /�`�N/ �o�ӰT���]���i��O ``mb_map too small!''
+
+ <p>�o�� panic �O���ܨt�ΥΥ��F�������w�İϪ��Ҧ��������O���� (�S
+ �O�O mbuf clusters)�C�z�i�H�W�[�� mbuf clusters �� VM ���ƶq�A
+ �u�n�[�J:
+
+ <p><tt>options "NMBCLUSTERS=&lt;n>"</tt>
+
+ <p>�b�z�� kernel �]�w�ɤ��A&lt;n&gt; �O�@�Ӧb 512-4096 �����Ʀr�A
+ �̱z�Q���Ѧh�֦P�ɪ� TCP �s���ƥئh��өw�C�ڷ|��ij�ո� 2048 -
+ �o�Ʀr���ӥi�H�����קK�o�� panic �F�C�z�i�H����:
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat"
+ name="netstat -m"> �Ӻʬݦ��h�� mbuf clusters
+ �b�t�ΤW���Q �t�m/�ϥΡCNMBCLUSTERS ���ƭȤ��w��
+ <tt/512 + MAXUSERS * 16/�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ηs kernel �}���ɡA�X�{ ``CMAP busy panic'' �o�ӿ��~�T��</heading>
+
+ <p>�ΨӰ����L�� <tt>/var/db/kvm_*.db</tt> �ɮת�������|"�X��"
+ �ӨϥΤ@�ӧt�����T��ƪ��ɮצ��ɴN�|�ɭP panic�C
+
+ <p>�p�G�o�ͤF�o�Ӱ��D�A�Э��s�}���A�i�J��ϥΪ̼Ҧ��A�M�����:
+
+ <verb>
+ rm /var/db/kvm_*.db
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>ahc0: brkadrint�A Illegal Host Access at seqaddr 0x0</heading>
+
+ <p>�o�O�@�өM Ultrastor SCSI ����d�������Ĭ�
+
+ <p>�b�}���ɡA�i�J kernel �]�w���
+ ���� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?uha(4)"
+ name="uha0">�A���O�y���o�Ӱ��D����]
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>Sendmail �@����� ``mail loops back to myself''</heading>
+
+ <p>�o�Ӱ��D�b sendmail �� FAQ ���O�o�˦^����:-
+ <verb>
+ * �ڤ@�����즳�� "Local configuration error" ���H��A�Ҧp:
+
+ 553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself
+ 554 <user@domain.net>... Local configuration error
+
+ �ڭn�p��ѨM�o�Ӱ��D?
+
+ �z�Q�� MX �]�w�A���n�H��Y domain (�p: domain.net) ���H��A
+ �H��z�ҫ��w������ (�b�o�ӨҤl���� relay.domain.net)�A���O�o
+ ��������Q�]�w���� domain.net ���H��C�� domain.net �[��
+ /etc/sendmail.cw �� (�p�G�z���ϥ� FEATURE(use_cw_file)) �άO
+ �b sendmail.cf ���[�J "Cw domain.net"
+ </verb>
+
+ <p><url
+ url="ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq"
+ name="sendmail FAQ"> �{�b�w���A�H�� sendmail "�X�f"�C
+ ���ثe�O�Q�w�����o���b:
+ <url url="news:comp.mail.sendmail" name="comp.mail.sendmail">�A
+ <url url="news:comp.mail.misc" name="comp.mail.misc">�A
+ <url url="news:comp.mail.smail" name="comp.mail.smail">�A
+ <url url="news:comp.answers" name="comp.answers">�A�M
+ <url url="news:news.answers" name="news.answers">�C
+ �z�]�i�H�H�@�� Email ��
+ <url url="mailto:mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu"
+ name="mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu">�A�M��b�H�󤺤夤�g�W
+ "send usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq" �o�ӫ��O
+ �H���o�o�����C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�b���ݾ���(remote machine)������ù����n��ɡA�������`�����ΡI
+ </heading>
+ <p>�γ\���ݾ����ëD�N�z���׺ݾ��κA�]�� FreeBSD console �ҥ�
+ �� <tt>cons25</tt>�A�ӬO�]���䥦�����C
+ <p>�o�঳�X�ӸѨM�o�Ӱ��D����k:
+ <itemize>
+ <item>�b logging �i���ݾ�����A���z�� shell �ܼ� TERM ��
+ <tt>ansi</tt> �άO <tt>sco</tt>�C
+ <item>�b local �ݥΤ@�ǥi�H���� VT100 ���������A�p <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?screen-" name="screen">�C
+ <tt>screen</tt> ���ѱz�b�@�� terminal �ئP�ɶ]�n�X�� session
+ ����O�A�ӥB�������]�O�@�Ӭ۷��n���n��C
+ <item>�b���ݾ������׺ݾ���Ʈw(terminal database)���[�J
+ <tt>cons25</tt> ����ơC
+ <item>�Ұ� X �M��Q�� <tt>xterm</tt> �� login �i���ݪ������C
+ </itemize>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڪ������@����� "calcru: negative time..."</heading>
+ <p>���_ �]interrupt�^ ���������P�w�� �P/�� �n�骺�f�t�����i��y��
+ �o�Ӱ��D�C�o���i��O bug �άO�Y�Ӹ˸m���������D�C�b�����W�ϥ�
+ �j�� MTU �ӧ@ TCP/IP �ǿ�i�H���{�o�Ӱ��D�C�Y�O�ϧΥ[�t�d�y���o��
+ ���D���ܡA�z���ӥ��ˬd�d�����_�]�w�C
+
+ <p>�o�Ӱ��D����ڮ����O�|�y������ process �X�{
+ "SIGXCPU exceeded cpu time limit" ���T���A�Ӥ����`���_
+
+ <p>�Y�����O 1998 �~ 11 �� 29 ��H�᪺ FreeBSD 3.0�A�p�G�o��
+ ���D�@���L�k�H��L��k�ѨM�A�N�u��]�w sysctl �ܼơG
+<verb>
+ sysctl -w kern.timecounter.method=1
+</verb>
+ <p> �o�˷|��կ঳�Ǽv�T�A���O�Y�Ҽ{��o�Ӱ��D�a�Ӫ���G�A�o�˰��O��
+ �o���C�p�G�o�Ӱ��D�٬O�s�b���ܡA�N sysctl ���ӭȨ̵M�]�� 1�A�M��
+ �W�[ kernel �]�w�ɤ� "NTIMECOUNTER" �o�ӿﶵ���ƭȡC�p�G�z�N
+ "NTIMECOUNTER" �W�[�� 20 �̵M�L�k�ѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A����z�����W�����_
+ �w�g�h��L�k�O��í�w�����A�F�C
+ </sect>
+
diff --git a/zh/FAQ/x.sgml b/zh/FAQ/x.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3a85ab97f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh/FAQ/x.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+<!-- $Id: x.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.6 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>X Window System �� Virtual Consoles<label id="x"></heading>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڷQ�n���� X , �ڸӫ�� ?</heading>
+
+ <p>��²�檺��k�N�O�b�w�˨t�Ϊ��ɭԤ@�֦w�ˡC
+
+ <p>�M��ݬ� <htmlurl url=
+ "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=xf86config"
+ name="xf86config �� man page"> , �o�ӵ{���i�H���A�]�w XFree86(tm) �ϥ�
+ ����ϥΧA����ܥd/�ƹ� ���g��C
+
+ <p>�A�γ\�]�Q�ոլ� Xaccel server , ���i�H�H�D�`�X�z������o�C�Ա��Ь�
+ <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> �o�@�q�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>������ڤ���b X �̨ϥηƹ� ?<label id="x-and-moused"></heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�Ϊ��O syscons (���w�� console �X�ʵ{��) ����, �A�i�H�g�ѳ]�w
+ FreeBSD �������䴩�b�C�� virtual console �ϥηƹ��C���F�קK�M X ���ͽ�
+ ��, syscons �ϥΤF�@�ӥs�� "<tt>/dev/sysmouse</tt>" �������˸m�C�Ҧ���
+ �����ͪ� event ���|�Q�� MouseSystems �o�Ө�w�ӶǨ� sysmouse �o�Ӹ˸m
+ �C�p�G�A�Ʊ�b�@�өΥH�W�� virtual console �W�ϥηƹ�, <bf/�åB/ ���
+ �ϥ� X ����, �ڭ̫�ij�A�o�˳]�w :
+
+ <verb>
+ /etc/rc.conf:
+ moused_type=ps/2 # or whatever your actual type is
+ moused_port=/dev/psm0 # or whatever your real port is
+ moused_flags=
+
+ /etc/XF86Config
+ Section Pointer
+ Protocol "MouseSystems"
+ Device "/dev/sysmouse"
+ .....
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>���ǤH������w�b�]�w X ���ɭԥ� "<tt>/dev/mouse</tt>" �o�Ӹ˸m�C�p
+ �G�A�n����������`�u�@����, �A�N������ "<tt>/dev/mouse</tt>" �s����
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysmouse"
+ name="/dev/sysmouse"> :
+
+ <verb>
+ # cd /dev
+ # rm -f mouse
+ # ln -s sysmouse mouse
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>X Window �����M��ܮؤ��ॿ�`�B�@ !</heading>
+
+ <p>�� Num Lock �����ոաC
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�� Num Lock �b�}���ɪ��w�]�ȬO�}�۪���, �A������U�C�o����
+ <tt/XF86Config/ �]�w�ɤ��� "<tt/Keyboard/" �����C
+
+ <verb>
+ # Let the server do the NumLock processing. This should only be
+ # required when using pre-R6 clients
+ ServerNumLock
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>����O virtual console ? �ڭn��򰵤~��Φh�@�I ?</heading>
+
+ <p>²��ӻ�, virtual console �N�O�i�H���A�������Ӧh�������]�w�p�ϥκ�
+ ���ΰ��� X , �Ӧb�P�@�O�����W�P�ɰ��n�X��ƪ���k�C
+
+ <p>���Ұʨt�Ψ���ܧ��Ҧ��}���T������, �A�N�|�b�ù��W�ݨ�@�� login ��
+ ���ܲŸ��C�b�o�ӮɭԧA�N�i�H��J�A�� login name �H�� password , �M��N
+ �i�H�b�Ĥ@�� virtual console �W�}�l�u�@�F (�Ϊ̶}�l�� !) �C
+
+ <p>�b�Y�DZ��p�U, �A�i��|�Q�n�@��L���u�@, �Ҧp���O�ݬݧA���b���檺�{
+ �����������, �άO���A�b FTP �ǿ骺���ݮɶ����ݬݧA���l��C�A�u�ݭn��
+ Alt-F2 (���� Alt �䤣��, �ë��U F2 ��) , �M��A�N�|�b�ĤG�� "virtual
+ console" �W�ݨ�@�� login ���ܲŸ� ! ���A�Q�n�^���Ӫ��u�@��, �Ы�
+ Alt-F1�C
+
+ <p>FreeBSD �b�w�ˮɪ��w�]�ȬO�ϥΤT�� virtual console , �A�i�H��
+ Alt-F1, Alt-F2, �H�� Alt-F3 �b���̤����������C
+
+ �p�G�A�Q�n�h�@�I virtual console ����, �A�u�ݭn�s�� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" name="/etc/ttys"> �o����
+ , �b "Virtual terminals" �o�ӵ��ѫ᭱�[�J "<tt/ttyv4/" �� "<tt/ttyvc/"
+ ����� :
+
+ <verb>
+ # Edit the existing entry for ttyv3 in /etc/ttys and change
+ # "off" to "on".
+ ttyv3 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
+ ttyv4 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
+ ttyv5 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
+ ttyv6 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
+ ttyv7 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
+ ttyv8 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
+ ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
+ ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
+ ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�A�Q�δX�ӴN�]�X�ӡC�A�]�V�h virtual terminal , ���̴N�α��V�h�t��
+ �귽 ; �p�G�A�u������ 8MB ���O���骺��, �o�v�T�N�j�F�C�A�i��]�|�Q��
+ "<tt/secure/" ���� "<tt/insecure/" �C
+
+ <p><bf/IMPORTANT NOTE/ �p�G�A�Q�n���� X ����, �A <bf/����/ �����O�d (
+ ������) �ܤ֤@�� virtual terminal �C�o�N�O��, �p�G�A�Q�b���Q�G�� Alt
+ �\����ɳ��� login ���ܲŸ�, �ӥB�S�b�P�@���q���W�]�Q���� X ����, ����
+ �o�u�O�Ӥ����F - �A�u��ΤQ�@�ӡC
+
+ <p>�����@�� console ��²�檺��k�N�O�⥦�����C�|�Ҩӻ�, �p�G�A���W����
+ ���@�˳]�w�F������ 12 �� terminal �åB�Q�n���� X , �A���ݧ� virtual
+ terminal 12 �q :
+
+ <verb>
+ ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�]�� :
+
+ <verb>
+ ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A����L�u�� 10 �ӥ\���䪺��, �A�N�n�令�o�� :
+
+ <verb>
+ ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure
+ ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure
+ ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>(�A�]�i�H������o�X��屼�C)
+
+ <p>�@���A��F <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" name="/etc/ttys"> ,
+ �U�@�ӨB�J�N�O�n�T�w�A�������� virtual terminal �˸m�C��²�檺��k�N�O :
+
+ <verb>
+ # cd /dev
+ # ./MAKEDEV vty12 # For 12 devices
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�A�L��, �Q�n�Ұʳo�� virtual console ��²�� (�]�O�̰��b) �����k�N�O
+ ���}���C�M��, �p�G�A���Q���}������, �A�i�H�� X Window ����, �M���
+ <tt/root/ ����������U�C���O :
+
+ <verb>
+ kill -HUP 1
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>���A����o�өR�O�e, �A�@�w�n������ X Window �����C�p�G�A���o�򰵪�
+ ��, �A���t�Υi��|�b�A���� kill �R�O��X�{�������ꦺ�����p�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn���q X ������ virtual console ?</heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�ù��W���b��� X Window ����, �A�i�H�� Ctrl-Alt-F1 ������Ӥ�
+ ���� virtual console �C�`�N, �@���A�q X Window ��������@�� virtual
+ console ����, �A�N�i�H�u�� Alt- �\����Ӥ������L virtual terminal ��
+ �O���^ X Window �C�A�����P�ɫ��� Ctrl ��C�p�G�b����ª��������A��
+ Ctrl ��Ӥ��^ X Window ����, �A�|�o�{�A����r�ù��Q�d�b "control-lock"
+ �Ҧ��U�C�A�u�ݭn�A���@��������N�i�H��_�쪬�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn��򰵤~��b�}���ɱҰ� XDM ?</heading>
+
+ <p>����ؤ�k�i�H�Ұ� <htmlurl url=
+ "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=xdm"
+ name="xdm"> �C�@�ؤ�k�O�q
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys"
+ name="/etc/ttys"> �ӱҰ�, �i�H�Ѧ� man page �����d�� ; �t�@�ؤ�k�O�b
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc" name="rc.local">
+ ���� xdm , �άO�b <tt>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</tt> ��@�� <tt/X.sh/ �C�o��
+ �ؤ�k���O�X�k��, �p�G�A�լY�@�ؤ�k�L�Ī���, �A�i�H�ոեt�~�@�ءC�o��
+ �ؤ�k�����G�O�@�˪� : X �|��ܤ@�ӹϧΤƪ� login: ���ܡC
+
+ <p>�� ttys ����k���u�I�b�󻡩��F X �b�ҰʥH�Φb logout �᭫�s�Ұʮ�,
+ �쩳 X �Ϊ��O���� vty �C�� rc.local ����k�h�O�b���Ұ� X �X�F���D��, �A
+ �i�H�� xdm �����ӸѨM�C
+
+ <p>�p�G�O�� rc.local ����k����, �b���� <tt/xdm/ �ɧA����[����Ѽ� (
+ �]�N�O�]�� daemon) �C
+
+ <p>�e�@���� FAQ ���A������A�Q�� X �ϥΪ� <tt/vt/ �[��
+ <tt>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers</tt> �ɸ̥h�C�o�O�����n�� : X �|��
+ �ʨϥβĤ@�ӧ�쪺�i�� <tt/vt/ �C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>���ڰ��� xconsole ��, �o�ͤF "Couldn't open console" �����~</heading>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�O�� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=startx"
+ name="startx"> �ӱҰ� <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=X"
+ name="X"> ����, /dev/console ���v����|����, ���G�N�O <htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=xterm"
+ name="xterm -C"> �M <htmlurl url=
+ "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=xconsole"
+ name="xconsole"> �o�����{���L�k���`����C
+
+ <p>�o�@�������D, ���O�]�� console ���v���O�ĥΨt�ιw�]�ȡC�b�@�Ӧh�ϥ�
+ �̪��t�θ�, �ڭ̤��Ʊ�C�ӨϥΪ̳��i�H�����g�J�t�� console �C�p�G�O��
+ �Ϊ̬O�q������ VTY ���� login ����, ����
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab" name="fbtab">
+ �i�H�ѨM�o�������D�C
+
+ <p>²��a��, �нT�O
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab(5)"
+ name="/etc/fbtab"> �o���ɮפ����o�@��S���Q���ѱ� :
+
+ <verb>
+ /dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console
+ </verb>
+
+ �o�@��]�w���s�b�i�H�T�O�q <tt>/dev/ttyv0</tt> �n�J���ϥΪ̥i�H����
+ console �C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڪ� PS/2 �ƹ��b X �����I�����`</heading>
+
+ <p>�A���ƹ��M�A���ƹ��X�ʵ{���i��s�b�����P�B���{�H�C
+
+ <p>�b 2.2.5 �H�Χ󦭪��t�θ�, �q X ���� virtual terminal �M��A���^��
+ �N�i�H�ϥ��̭��s���P�B���ʧ@�C�p�G�o�Ӱ��D�`�`�o�ͪ���, �A�i�H�b�A��
+ �֤߳]�w�ɤ��[�J�U���o�ӿﶵ�M�᭫�s�sĶ :
+
+ <verb>
+ options PSM_CHECKSYNC
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�S���إ֤߮ߪ��g��, �Ь�
+ <ref id="make-kernel" name="�إ֤߮�"> �o�@�`�C
+
+ <p>�[�W�o�ӿﶵ�H��, �ƹ��M�ƹ��X�ʵ{�������P�B���D���ӴN������|�X�{
+ �F�C�p�G�o�Ӱ��D���M�s�b����, �b���ʷƹ��ɫ����ƹ�����i�H�Ϸƹ��M��
+ ���X�ʵ{�����s���P�B���ʧ@�C
+
+ <p>�Ӫ`�N���O�o�ӿﶵ�ä��O��C�@�Өt�γ�����, ���i��|�����b PS/2 ��
+ ����m�� ALPS GlidePoint �˸m���h "tap" �o���\��C
+
+ <p>�b 2.2.6 �Ψ�᪺����, �P�B���T�{�w�g���F���n���ѨM��k, �ӥB�o�dz�
+ �w�g�O PS/2 �ƹ��X�ʵ{�����зǤF�C�o�Ӥ�k�]�i�H�b GlidePoint �W���`�u
+ �@�C (�]���T�{���{���X�w�g�����@�Ӽзǥ\��, �ҥH�b�o�Ǫ������ڭ̤��b��
+ �� PSM_CHECKSYNC ���ﶵ�F�C) ���L�b���ּƪ��רҤ�, �o���X�ʵ{���|�~��
+ �P�B�ʿ��~, �M��A�N�|�ݨ�o�˪��֤߰T�� :
+
+ <verb>
+ psmintr: out of sync (xxxx != yyyy)
+ </verb>
+
+ �M��A�N�|�o�{�A���ƹ����ॿ�`�B�@�F�C
+
+ <p>�p�G�A�o�ͤF�o�˪����p, �A�����ǥѧ� PS/2 �ƹ��X�ʵ{���� flag �]��
+ 0x100 �ӧ�P�B�T�{���{���X���������C�M��b�}�����ܲŸ��ɥ�
+ "<tt>-c</tt>" �ﶵ�Ӷi�J <em>UserConfig</em> :
+
+ <verb>
+ boot: -c
+ </verb>
+
+ �M��, �b <em>UserConfig</em> ���R�O�C����J :
+
+ <verb>
+ UserConfig> flags psm0 0x100
+ UserConfig> quit
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڪ� PS/2 �ƹ�����z�L MouseSystem �ӹB�@</heading>
+
+ <p>���@�dz��i���X�Y�Ǽt�P�� PS/2 �ƹ��u��b "���ѪR��" ���A�U�~��B�@
+ �C�p�G���O����, �ƹ���з|�`�`�]��ù������W���h�C
+
+ <p>�D�`������, �o�Ӱ��D�b 2.0.X �M 2.1.X �U�O�L�Ѫ��C�b 2.2 �� 2.2.5
+ ��, �A�i�H�� <tt>/sys/i386/isa/psm.c</tt> �ϥΤU�C patch �M�᭫�اA��
+ �֤ߡC�p�G�A�S���إ֤߮ߪ��g��, �Ь�
+ <ref id="make-kernel" name="building a kernel"> �o�`�C
+
+ <verb>
+diff -u psm.c.orig psm.c
+@@ -766,6 +766,8 @@
+ if (verbose >= 2)
+ log(LOG_DEBUG, "psm%d: SET_DEFAULTS return code:%04x\n",
+ unit, i);
++ set_mouse_resolution(sc->kbdc, PSMD_RES_HIGH);
++
+ #if 0
+ set_mouse_scaling(sc->kbdc); /* 1:1 scaling */
+ set_mouse_mode(sc->kbdc); /* stream mode */
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�b 2.2.6 �ΥH�᪺����, �b PS/2 �ƹ��X�ʵ{�����]�w 0x04 �� flag �|
+ ��ƹ��]�����ѪR�׼Ҧ��C�b�}�����ܲŸ��ɥ� "<tt>-c</tt>" �ﶵ�Ӷi�J
+ <em>UserConfig</em> :
+
+ <verb>
+ boot: -c
+ </verb>
+
+ �M��, �b <em>UserConfig</em> ���R�O�C����J :
+
+ <verb>
+ UserConfig> flags psm0 0x04
+ UserConfig> quit
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>�e�@�`������t�@�ӥi��ɭP�ƹ����D����]�C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>���ګإ� X �{����, <tt/imake/ �����䤣�� <tt/Imake.tmpl/ �C���b�� ?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>Imake.tmpl �O Imake �M�󪺤@����, Imake �O�зǪ��إ� X �{�����u��C
+ Imake.tmpl �M��L�ƭ� header file �@�ˬO�إ� X �{�������n�ɮ�, �A�i�H�b
+ X prog distribution ����쥦�̡C�A�i�H�� sysinstall �Ӧw�˩άO�����q
+ X distribution ����ʦw�ˡC
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>�ڭn��򰵤~��]�w���J�l�Ϊ��ƹ� ?
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>�b�A�� .xinitrc �άO .xsession ������
+ <tt/ xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"/ �����O�C
+ </p>
+ </sect1>
+ </sect>
+